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Mohammadi S, Asbaghi O, Afrisham R, Farrokhi V, Jadidi Y, Mofidi F, Ashtary-Larky D. Impacts of Supplementation with Silymarin on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:390. [PMID: 38671838 PMCID: PMC11047742 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that silymarin (SIL) supplementation has positive effects on cardiovascular health and reduces the risk of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis assessed the impacts of SIL administration on cardiovascular risk factors. A systematic search of multiple databases was performed to identify eligible controlled trials published up to January 2023. The analysis used a random-effects model and included 33 trials with 1943 participants. It was revealed that SIL supplementation led to a notable reduction in serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) (weighted mean difference (WMD): -21.68 mg/dL, 95% CI: -31.37, -11.99; p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD: -1.25 mmHg; 95% CI: -2.25, -0.26; p = 0.013), total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -13.97 mg/dL, 95% CI: -23.09, -4.85; p = 0.003), triglycerides (TG) (WMD: -26.22 mg/dL, 95% CI: -40.32, -12.12; p < 0.001), fasting insulin (WMD: -3.76 mU/mL, 95% CI: -4.80, -2.72; p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (WMD: -17.13 mg/dL, 95% CI: -25.63, -8.63; p < 0.001), and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) (WMD: -0.85%, 95% CI: -1.27, -0.43; p < 0.001) in the SIL-treated groups compared to their untreated counterparts. In addition, there were no substantial differences in body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), C-reactive protein (CRP), body weight, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) between the two groups. These outcomes suggest that SIL consumption reduces certain CMS risk factors and has favorable impacts on lipid and glycemic profiles with potential hypotensive effects. These findings should be supported by additional trials with larger sample sizes and longer durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shooka Mohammadi
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran;
| | - Reza Afrisham
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-13151, Iran; (R.A.); (Y.J.)
| | - Vida Farrokhi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran;
| | - Yasaman Jadidi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-13151, Iran; (R.A.); (Y.J.)
| | - Fatemeh Mofidi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran;
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
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Meyer J, Dreischmeier E, Lehmann M, Phelan J. The Effects of Adding Semaglutide to High Daily Dose Insulin Regimens in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Ann Pharmacother 2023; 57:241-250. [PMID: 35778801 DOI: 10.1177/10600280221107381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escalating doses of insulin required with progression of type 2 diabetes may lead to weight gain. Weight loss associated with semaglutide may be beneficial. However, data on the use of semaglutide in patients requiring high daily doses of insulin are currently lacking. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this project was to evaluate the impact of semaglutide on total daily dose (TDD) of insulin when initiated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on high daily doses of insulin. Secondary objectives assessed included changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, heart rate, and diabetes and blood pressure medications. METHODS This IRB exempt retrospective medical record review included patients with T2DM prescribed semaglutide and at least 100 units TDD of insulin between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2019. RESULTS Of the 72 patients included, the TDD of insulin decreased from baseline to 6 months (183 ± 98 units and 143 ± 99 units, P < 0.001). Average A1c and body weight also decreased from baseline to 6 months (8.9% ± 1.3% and 7.6% ± 1.5%, P < 0.001 and 123.9 ± 23.5 kg and 118.9 ± 22.9 kg, P < 0.001, respectively). Limitations included a homogenous patient population and inability to control confounding factors. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Improvement in glycemic control occurred despite reductions in TDD of insulin. Improvements in A1c and body weight were clinically significant. This analysis adds to existing literature supporting the use of GLP-1 RAs in patients on high daily doses of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Meyer
- Department of Pharmacy, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emma Dreischmeier
- Department of Pharmacy, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Molly Lehmann
- Department of Pharmacy, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jessica Phelan
- Department of Endocrinology, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
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Soleymani S, Ayati MH, Mansourzadeh MJ, Namazi N, Zargaran A. The effects of Silymarin on the features of cardiometabolic syndrome in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2022; 36:842-856. [PMID: 35016260 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Some medicinal herbs and their effective components showed positive effects on the features of the cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the effects of silymarin on the components of CMS in adults. Four electronic databases including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched up to December 31, 2020 to identify all eligible clinical trials. A random-effect model using DerSimonian and Laird method was used to estimate the pooled weighted mean differences (WMDs) and the 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Finally, 11 clinical trials met the eligibility criteria. Our results demonstrated that silymarin significantly reduced the levels of fasting blood glucose (WMD: -17.96 mg/dL, 95% CI: -32.91, -3.02;I2 : 82.4%, p < 0.001), hemoglobin A1C (WMD: -1.25%, 95% CI: -2.34, 0.16; I2 : 92.9%, p ˂ 0.001), total cholesterol (WMD: -17.46 mg/dL, 95% CI: -30.98, -3.95; I2 = 62.9%, p = 0.006), triglyceride (WMD: -25.70 mg/dL, 95% CI: -47.23, -4.17; I2 :54.3%, p = 0.025), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (WMD: -10.53, 95% CI: -19.12, -1.94; I2: 37.5%, p = 0.119) and increased high-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (WMD: 3.36 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.88, 5.84; I2 : 37.4%, p = 0.120) compared to placebo. However, its effects on BMI were not statistically significant. Silymarin can be an effective complementary therapy to improve most features of CMS. However, due to high heterogeneity and limited clinical trials in some parameters, further high-quality clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Soleymani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ayati
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Mansourzadeh
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazli Namazi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman Zargaran
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Elseady WS, Abd Ellatif RA, Estfanous RS, Emam MN, Keshk WA. New insight on the role of liraglutide in alleviating dexamethasone-induced pancreatic cytotoxicity via improving redox status, autophagy flux, and PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:1217-1225. [PMID: 34197718 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic glucocorticoids therapy is commonly complicated by steroid diabetes, although the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1, was initially found to induce glycemic control and recently it was found to have many pleotropic effects; however, its role in pancreas remains unknown. The present study aims to estimate the protective role of liraglutide on dexamethasone-induced pancreatic cytotoxicity and hyperglycemia, highlighting the possible underlying biochemical, molecular, and cellular mechanisms. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were involved in this study and were randomly divided into four groups. Group III and IV were treated with 1 mg/kg dexamethasone daily for 10 days. Group II and IV were treated with liraglutide in a dose of 0.8 mg/kg per day for 2 weeks. Pancreatic caspase-9, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), phospho-protein kinase-B (pAkt), and sequestrome 1 (p62) levels were assessed by immunoassay. Moreover, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) expression by real-time PCR, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3B) expression by immunohistochemistry, glycemic status, β-cell function by homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA) β index, and pancreatic redox status were assessed. Liraglutide improved blood glucose level, β-cell function, pancreatic caspase-9 level, redox status, and autophagy. Additionally, it increased pancreatic PI3K, pAkt, and Nrf2 levels. Moreover, preservation of pancreatic histological and the ultrastructural morphological features of β- and α-cells were observed. In conclusion, liraglutide protected against dexamethasone-induced pancreatic injury and hyperglycemia and decelerated the progression towards steroid diabetes via activating PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling and autophagy flux pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa S Elseady
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | | | | | - Marwa N Emam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Keshk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
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Weng CY, Zhu MH, Dai KL, Mi ZY, Wang YS, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Gene Cascade Shift and Pathway Enrichment in Rat Kidney Induced by Acarbose Through Comparative Analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:659700. [PMID: 34095098 PMCID: PMC8176958 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.659700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acarbose is an effective anti-diabetic drug to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a chronic degenerative metabolic disease caused by insulin resistance. The beneficial effects of acarbose on blood sugar control in T2DM patients have been confirmed by many studies. However, the effect of acarbose on patient kidney has yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we report in detail the gene expression cascade shift, pathway and module enrichment, and interrelation network in acarbose-treated Rattus norvegicus kidneys based on the in-depth analysis of the GSE59913 microarray dataset. The significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the kidneys of acarbose-treated rats were initially screened out by comparative analysis. The enriched pathways for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were further identified. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis for DEGs was achieved through the STRING database mining. Pathway interrelation and hub genes for enriched pathways were further examined to uncover key biological effects of acarbose. Results revealed 44 significantly up-regulated genes and 86 significantly down-regulated genes (130 significant differential genes in total) in acarbose-treated rat kidneys. Lipid metabolism pathways were considerably improved by acarbose, and the physical conditions in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients were improved possibly through the increase of the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) by lecithin-cholesterol acyl-transferase (LCAT). These findings suggested that acarbose may serve as an ideal drug for CKD patients, since it not only protects the kidney, but also may relieve the complications caused by CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yue Weng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mo-Han Zhu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Lei Dai
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Yan Mi
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Shan Wang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Zhao R, Lu Z, Yang J, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhang X. Drug Delivery System in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:880. [PMID: 32850735 PMCID: PMC7403527 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has been described as a chronic endocrine and metabolic disease, which is characterized by hyperglycemia and the coexistence of multiple complications. At present, the drugs widely applied in clinical treatment of diabetes mellitus mainly include insulin, insulin analogs, non-insulin oral hypoglycemic drugs and genetic drugs. Nevertheless, there is still no complete therapy strategy for diabetes mellitus management by far due to the intrinsic deficiencies of drugs and limits in administration routes such as the adverse reactions caused by long-term subcutaneous injection and various challenges in oral administration, such as enzymatic degradation, chemical instability and poor gastrointestinal absorption. Therefore, it is remarkably necessary to develop appropriate delivery systems and explore complete therapy strategies according to the characters of drugs and diabetes mellitus. Delivery systems have been found to be potentially beneficial in many aspects for effective diabetes treatment, such as improving the stability of drugs, overcoming different biological barriers in vivo to increase bioavailability, and acting as an intelligent automatized system to mimic endogenous insulin delivery and reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. This review aims to provide an overview related with the research advances, development trend of drug therapy and the application of delivery systems in the treatment diabetes mellitus, which could offer reference for the application of various drugs in the field of diabetes mellitus treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Dogruel H, Balci MK. Development of therapeutic options on type 2 diabetes in years: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist’s role intreatment; from the past to future. World J Diabetes 2019; 10:446-453. [PMID: 31523380 PMCID: PMC6715574 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v10.i8.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hypergly-cemia. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) accounting for 90% of cases globally. The worldwide prevalence of DM is rising dramatically over the last decades, from 30 million cases in 1985 to 382 million cases in 2013. It’s estimated that 451 million people had diabetes in 2017. As the pathophysiology was understood over the years, treatment options for diabetes increased. Incretin-based therapy is one of them. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) not only significantly lower glucose level with minimal risk of hypoglycemia but also, they have an important advantage in themanagement of cardiovascular risk and obesity. Thus, we will review here GLP-1 RAsrole in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Dogruel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Antalya Ataturk State Hospital, Antalya 07040, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Balci
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Antalya 07070, Turkey
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DiNicolantonio JJ, McCarty M, OKeefe J. Association of moderately elevated trimethylamine N-oxide with cardiovascular risk: is TMAO serving as a marker for hepatic insulin resistance. Open Heart 2019; 6:e000890. [PMID: 30997120 PMCID: PMC6443140 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2018-000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James OKeefe
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Saint Lukes Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Hadi A, Pourmasoumi M, Mohammadi H, Symonds M, Miraghajani M. The effects of silymarin supplementation on metabolic status and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Complement Ther Med 2018; 41:311-319. [PMID: 30477860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of silymarin supplementation on metabolic status and oxidative stress of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been conclusively studied. Therefore, the efficacy of silymarin supplementation in these patients was assessed through a meta-analysis. METHODS The following databases were searched up to May 15, 2018: PubMed, Scopus, Ovid (Cochrane library), Google scholar and ISI web of science. All randomized clinical trials using silymarin supplements to improve T2DM included in this meta-analysis. Mean Difference (MD) was pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS Eight eligible publications from seven trials were identified for the present meta-analysis. Our results revealed that supplementation with silymarin can decrease fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1C, insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and malondialdehyde and increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. However, silymarin did not have any significant effects on total cholesterol or triglyceride concentrations. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that silymarin supplements have beneficial effects on metabolic status and oxidative stress among patients with T2DM. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to make firm conclusions about the full efficacy of supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hadi
- Students' Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Makan Pourmasoumi
- Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases Research Center (GLDRC), Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Students' Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Michael Symonds
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran e Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Maryam Miraghajani
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran e Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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O’Harte FPM, Parthsarathy V, Hogg C, Flatt PR. Long-term treatment with acylated analogues of apelin-13 amide ameliorates diabetes and improves lipid profile of high-fat fed mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202350. [PMID: 30157220 PMCID: PMC6114795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that modified apelin analogues exhibited enzyme resistance in plasma and improved circulating half-life compared to apelin-13. This study investigated the antidiabetic effects of chronic administration of stable long acting fatty acid modified apelin analogues, namely, (Lys8GluPAL)apelin-13 amide and pGlu(Lys8GluPAL)apelin-13 amide, in high-fat fed obese-diabetic mice. Male NIH Swiss mice (groups n = 8) were maintained either on a high-fat diet (45% fat) from 8 to 28 weeks old, or control mice were fed a normal diet (10% fat). When diet induced obesity-diabetes was established after high-fat feeding, mice were injected i.p. once daily with apelin analogues, liraglutide (25 nmol/kg) or saline (controls). Administration of (Lys8GluPAL)apelin-13 amide and pGlu(Lys8GluPAL)apelin-13 amide for 28 days significantly reduced food intake and decreased body weight. Non-fasting glucose was reduced (p<0.01 to p<0.001) and plasma insulin concentrations increased (p<0.01 to p<0.001). This was accompanied by enhanced insulin responses (p<0.01 to p<0.001) and significant reductions in glucose excursion after oral (p<0.01) or i.p. (p<0.01) glucose challenges and feeding. Apelin analogues also significantly improved HbA1c (p<0.01), enhanced insulin sensitivity (p<0.01), reduced triglycerides (p<0.001), increased HDL-cholesterol (p<0.01) and decreased LDL-cholesterol (p<0.01), compared to high-fat fed saline treated control mice. Cholesterol levels were decreased (p<0.01) by pGlu(Lys8GluPAL)apelin-13 amide and both apelin treated groups showed improved bone mineral content, reduced fat deposits and increased plasma GLP-1. Daily treatment with liraglutide mirrored many of these changes (not on bone or adipose tissue), but unlike apelin analogues increased plasma amylase. Consumption of O2, production of CO2, respiratory exchange ratio and energy expenditure were improved by apelin analogues. These results indicate that long-term treatment with acylated analogues (Lys8GluPAL)apelin-13 amide and particularly pGlu(Lys8GluPAL)apelin-13 amide resulted in similar or enhanced therapeutic responses to liraglutide in high-fat fed mice. Fatty acid derived apelin analogues represent a new and exciting development in the treatment of obesity-diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finbarr P. M. O’Harte
- School of Biomedical Sciences, SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Vadivel Parthsarathy
- School of Biomedical Sciences, SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Hogg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Peter R. Flatt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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11
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Li Y, Zheng J, Shen Y, Li W, Liu M, Wang J, Zhu S, Wu M. Comparative Study of Liraglutide and Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Control and Pancreatic β-Cell Function in db/db Mice. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3293-3300. [PMID: 29777582 PMCID: PMC5987616 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to compare the effects of liraglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, and insulin glargine, a long-acting insulin analog, on glycemic control and pancreatic β-cell function in db/db mice. Material/Methods Eight-week-old male db/db mice (n=40) were divided into five groups: the vehicle-treated group (VG) (n=8); the insulin glargine-treated group (GG) (dose, 450 mg/kg) (n=8), the low-dose liraglutide-treated group (LLG) (dose, 75 μg/kg) (n=8), the mid-dose liraglutide-treated group (MLG) (150 μg/kg) (n=8), and the high-dose liraglutide-treated group (HLG) (300 μg/kg) (n=8), treated with subcutaneous injection once daily, from 8–14 weeks-of-age. Body weight, pancreatic weight, levels of blood glucose, triacylglycerol, C-peptide, and the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) were used. Expression levels of the INS1 gene were measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), paired box 4 (Pax4), and paired box 6 (Pax6) mRNA expression were measured. Results Both insulin glargine and liraglutide improved glycemic control of db/db mice when compared with vehicle. The following were significantly increased in the HLG compared with the GG: the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) for the IPGTT; C-peptide levels; the pancreas to body weight coefficient; expression levels of the INS1 gene and pancreatic transcription factors Pdx1, Pax4 and Pax6. Liraglutide treatment was without hypoglycemic effects. Conclusions Liraglutide acted in a dose-dependent manner on glycemic control of db/db mice, and was more effective than insulin glargine, when administered at a high dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Jia Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yunfeng Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland).,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for the study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, , China (mainland)
| | - Wangen Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Meimei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Ji'an Central Hospital, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Surong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Meihua Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
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Yan HF, Liu ZY, Guan ZA, Guo C. Deferoxamine ameliorates adipocyte dysfunction by modulating iron metabolism in ob/ob mice. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:604-616. [PMID: 29678877 PMCID: PMC5911700 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanisms underlying obesity and anti-obesity processes have garnered remarkable attention as potential therapeutic targets for obesity-associated metabolic syndromes. Our prior work has shown the healing efficacy of iron reduction therapies for hepatic steatosis in a rodent model of diabetes and obesity. In this study, we investigated how iron depletion by deferoxamine (DFO) affected adipocyte dysfunction in the epididymal adipose tissues of ob/ob mice. METHODS Male ob/ob mice were assigned to either a vehicle-treated or DFO-treated group. DFO (100 mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally for 15 days. RESULTS We confirmed that iron deposits were statistically increased in the epididymal fat pad of 26-week-old ob/ob mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. DFO significantly improved vital parameters of adipose tissue biology by reducing reactive oxygen species and inflammatory marker (TNFα, IL-2, IL-6, and Hepcidin) secretion, by increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and HIF-1α-targeted proteins, and by altering adipocytic iron-, glucose- and lipid-associated metabolism proteins. Meanwhile, hypertrophic adipocytes were decreased in size, and insulin signaling pathway-related proteins were also activated after 15 days of DFO treatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that dysfunctional iron homeostasis contributes to the pathophysiology of obesity and insulin resistance in adipose tissues of ob/ob mice. Further investigation is required to develop safe iron chelators as effective treatment strategies against obesity, with potential for rapid clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fa Yan
- College of Life and Health SciencesNortheastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Liu
- College of Life and Health SciencesNortheastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi-Ang Guan
- College of Life and Health SciencesNortheastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuang Guo
- College of Life and Health SciencesNortheastern University, Shenyang, China
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