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Almalki AH, Alzhrani RM, Alosaimi ME, Abduljabbar MH, Alaqel SL, Alharbi A, Ramzy S. Spectrophotometric determination of celecoxib and tramadol in the new approved formulated dosage form using principle component regression assistive model. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 320:124614. [PMID: 38865892 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Celecoxib and tramadol have been combined in a novel FDA-approved medication to address acute pain disorders requiring opioid treatment when other analgesics proved either intolerable or ineffective. The absorbance spectra of celecoxib and tramadol exhibit significant overlap, posing challenges for their individual quantification. This study introduces a spectrophotometric quantification approach for celecoxib and tramadol using a principle component regression assistive model to assist resolving the overlapped spectra and quantifying both drugs in their binary mixture. The model was constructed by establishing calibration and validation sets for the celecoxib and tramadol mixture, employing a five-level, two-factor experimental design, resulting in 25 samples. Spectral data from these mixtures were measured and preprocessed to eliminate noise in the 200-210 nm range and zero absorbance values in the 290-400 nm range. Consequently, the dataset was streamlined to 81 variables. The predicted concentrations were compared with the known concentrations of celecoxib and tramadol, and the errors in the predictions were evidenced calculating root mean square error of cross-validation and root mean square error of prediction. Validation results demonstrate the efficacy of the models in predicting outcomes; recovery rates approaching 100 % are demonstrated with relative root mean square error of prediction (RRMSEP) values of 0.052 and 0.164 for tramadol and celecoxib, respectively. The selectivity was further evaluated by quantifying celecoxib and tramadol in the presence of potentially interfering drugs. The model demonstrated success in quantifying celecoxib and tramadol in laboratory-prepared tablets, producing metrics consistent with those reported in previously established spectrophotometric methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiah H Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Health Science Campus, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami M Alzhrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal E Alosaimi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram H Abduljabbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh L Alaqel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Alharbi
- Pharmaceutical Practices Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11751, Egypt.
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Viscusi ER, de Leon-Casasola O, Cebrecos J, Jacobs A, Morte A, Ortiz E, Sust M, Vaqué A, Gottlieb I, Daniels S, Muse D, Kuss ME, Videla S, Gascón N, Plata-Salamán C. Celecoxib-tramadol co-crystal in patients with moderate-to-severe pain following bunionectomy with osteotomy: Secondary analyses by baseline pain intensity and use of rescue medication of a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, factorial, active- and placebo-controlled trial. Pain Pract 2024. [PMID: 38956758 DOI: 10.1111/papr.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the randomized, phase 3, SUSA-301 trial, celecoxib-tramadol co-crystal (CTC) provided significantly greater analgesia compared with celecoxib, tramadol, or placebo in adults with acute, moderate-to-severe, postoperative pain. This post hoc, secondary analysis further evaluated the use of rescue medication and the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). METHODS Patients (N = 637) were randomized 2:2:2:1 to receive oral CTC 200 mg twice daily (BID; n = 184), tramadol 50 mg four times daily (QID; n = 183), celecoxib 100 mg BID (n = 181), or placebo QID (n = 89). Post hoc analyses were conducted on the use of rescue medications up to 4 and 48 h post-study drug dose, stratified by baseline pain intensity (moderate/severe), and on the incidence of TEAEs, stratified by rescue medication use. RESULTS A significantly lower proportion of patients received any rescue medication within 4 h post-study dose with CTC (49.5%) versus tramadol (61.7%, p = 0.0178), celecoxib (65.2%, p = 0.0024), and placebo (75.3%, p = 0.0001); this was also seen for oxycodone use. Fewer patients in the CTC group received ≥3 doses of rescue medication compared with the other groups, irrespective of baseline pain intensity. In patients who did not receive opioid rescue medication, CTC was associated with a lower incidence of nausea and vomiting TEAEs versus tramadol alone. In patients who received rescue oxycodone, the incidence of nausea was similar in the CTC and tramadol groups, and higher versus celecoxib and placebo. CONCLUSION Celecoxib-tramadol co-crystal was associated with reduced rescue medication use and an acceptable tolerability profile compared with tramadol or celecoxib alone in adults with acute, moderate-to-severe, postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene R Viscusi
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Vaqué
- Esteve Pharmaceuticals S.A., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ira Gottlieb
- Chesapeake Research Group LLC, Pasadena, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Derek Muse
- JBR Clinical Research, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | | | - Neus Gascón
- Esteve Pharmaceuticals S.A., Barcelona, Spain
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Ran Woo M, Bak YW, Cheon S, Suk Kim J, Hun Ji S, Park S, Woo S, Oh Kim J, Giu Jin S, Choi HG. Modification of microenvironmental pH of nanoparticles for enhanced solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble celecoxib. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124179. [PMID: 38692498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a novel pH-modified nanoparticle with improved solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble celecoxib by modifying the microenvironmental pH. After assessing the impact of hydrophilic polymers, surfactants and alkaline pH modifiers on the drug solubility, copovidone, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and meglumine were chosen. The optimal formulation of solvent-evaporated, surface-attached and pH-modified nanoparticles composed of celecoxib/copovidone/SLS/meglumine at weight ratios of 1:1:0.2:0, 1:0.375:1.125:0 and 1:1:1:0.2:0.02, respectively, were manufactured using spray drying technique. Their physicochemical characteristics, solubility, dissolution and pharmacokinetics in rats were evaluated compared to the celecoxib powder. The solvent-evaporated and pH-modified nanoparticles converted a crystalline to an amorphous drug, resulting in a spherical shape with a reduced particle size compared to celecoxib powder. However, the surface-attached nanoparticles with insignificant particle size exhibited the unchangeable crystalline drug. All of them gave significantly higher solubility, dissolution, and oral bioavailability than celecoxib powder. Among them, the pH-modified nanoparticles demonstrated the most significant improvement in solubility (approximately 1600-fold) and oral bioavailability (approximately 4-fold) compared to the drug powder owing to the alkaline microenvironment formation effect of meglumine and the conversion to the amorphous drug. Thus, the pH-modified nanoparticle system would be a promising strategy for improving the solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble and weakly acidic celecoxib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ran Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Young-Woo Bak
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Seunghyun Cheon
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Jung Suk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Sang Hun Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Sanghyun Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Dae-Dong, Gyongsan 712-749, South Korea
| | - Sung Giu Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, South Korea.
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, South Korea.
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Langford R, Viscusi ER, Morte A, Cebrecos J, Sust M, Giménez-Arnau JM, de Leon-Casasola O. Efficacy of Co-Crystal of Tramadol-Celecoxib (CTC) in Patients with Acute Moderate-to-Severe Pain: A Pooled Analysis of Data from Two Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trials. Drugs R D 2024:10.1007/s40268-024-00469-3. [PMID: 38874739 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-024-00469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES New acute pain medications are needed that provide effective analgesia while minimizing side effects and opioid exposure. Clinical trials of co-crystal of tramadol-celecoxib (CTC) have demonstrated an improved benefit/risk profile versus tramadol or celecoxib alone. We pooled data from two phase 3 clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of CTC 200 mg twice daily (BID) in acute moderate-to-severe pain. METHODS Efficacy data were pooled from STARDOM1 [acute pain following oral surgery (NCT02982161)] and ESTEVE-SUSA-301 [acute pain following bunionectomy (NCT03108482)]. The primary efficacy outcome was sum of pain intensity difference from 0 to 48 h (SPID0-48). RESULTS A total of 344 patients received CTC 200 mg BID, 342 received tramadol 50 or 100 mg four times a day, 181 received celecoxib 100 mg BID, and 172 received placebo. The least-squares mean difference in SPID0-48 was -21.8 (p = 0.002) for CTC versus tramadol and -72.8 (p < 0.001) for CTC versus placebo. A similar pattern of SPID0-48 was observed with CTC versus comparator whether patients had moderate or severe pain at baseline. Reduction in pain intensity was faster and reached mild intensity earlier with CTC versus comparators. Patients were significantly (p ≤ 0.005) less likely to receive rescue medication within 4 or 48 h with CTC compared with tramadol or placebo. CONCLUSIONS This pooled analysis reinforces the efficacy profile of CTC versus tramadol and, given that CTC permits lower daily tramadol dosing and thereby reduces unnecessary opioid use, this highlights its improved benefit/risk profile and its potential for the management of moderate-to-severe pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugene R Viscusi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Oscar de Leon-Casasola
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Buffalo/Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Nascimento ALCS, Martins ICB, Spósito L, Morais-Silva G, Duarte JL, Rades T, Chorilli M. Indomethacin-omeprazole as therapeutic hybrids? Salt and co-amorphous systems enhancing physicochemical and pharmacological properties. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123857. [PMID: 38281693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug therapeutic hybrids constitute a promising proposal to overcome problems associated with traditional formulations containing physical mixtures of drugs, potentially improving pharmacological and pharmaceutical performance. Indomethacin (IND) is a non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) that acts by inhibiting normal processes of homeostasis, causing a series of side effects, such as gastrointestinal symptoms. Proton pump inhibitors, such as omeprazole (OME), have been used to treat such gastrointestinal tract symptoms. In this work, two new multidrug therapeutic hybrids were prepared (an IND:OME salt and an IND:OME co-amorphous system) by ball mill grinding crystalline IND and OME under different conditions, i.e., liquid assisted grinding (LAG) with ethanol and dry grinding, respectively. The crystalline salt returned to a neutral state co-amorphous system when submitted to ball mill grinding in the absence of solvent (dry grinding), but the reverse process (LAG of the IND:OME co-amorphous system) showed partial decomposition of OME. The IND:OME co-amorphous system showed a higher physical stability than the neat IND and OME amorphous materials (with an amorphous stability longer than 100 days, compared to 4 and 16 h for the neat amorphous drugs, respectively, when stored at dry conditions at room temperature). Furthermore, OME presented a higher chemical stability in solution when dissolved from a salt form than from the pure crystalline form. The dissolution studies showed a dissolution enhancement for IND in both salt (1.8-fold after 8 h of dissolution) and co-amorphous (2.5-fold after 8 h of dissolution) forms. Anti-inflammatory activity using a mice paw oedema model showed an increase of the pharmacological response to IND at a lower dose (∼5mg/kg) for both IND:OME salt (2.8-fold) and IND:OME co-amorphous system (3.2-fold) after 6 h, when compared to the positive control group (IND, administered at 10 mg/kg). Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity of both salt and co-amorphous form was faster than for the crystalline IND. Finally, an indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration assay in mice resulted in a higher mucosal protection at the same dose (40 mg/kg) for both IND:OME salt and IND:OME co-amorphous system when compared with crystalline OME.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L C S Nascimento
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UNESP), Araraquara-São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - I C B Martins
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Spósito
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UNESP), Araraquara-São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Morais-Silva
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UNESP), Araraquara-São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J L Duarte
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UNESP), Araraquara-São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - M Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UNESP), Araraquara-São Paulo, Brazil
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Langford R, Pogatzki-Zahn EM, Morte A, Sust M, Cebrecos J, Vaqué A, Ortiz E, Fettiplace J, Adeyemi S, López-Cedrún JL, Bescós S, Gascón N, Plata-Salamán C. Co-crystal of Tramadol-Celecoxib Versus Tramadol or Placebo for Acute Moderate-to-Severe Pain After Oral Surgery: Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Trial (STARDOM1). Adv Ther 2024; 41:1025-1045. [PMID: 38183526 PMCID: PMC10879371 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02744-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Co-crystal of tramadol-celecoxib (CTC) is the first analgesic co-crystal for acute pain. This completed phase 3 multicenter, double-blind trial assessed the efficacy and safety/tolerability of CTC in comparison with that of tramadol in the setting of moderate-to-severe pain up to 72 h after elective third molar extraction requiring bone removal. METHODS Adults (n = 726) were assigned randomly to five groups (2:2:2:2:1): orally administered twice-daily CTC 100 mg (44 mg rac-tramadol hydrochloride/56 mg celecoxib; n = 164), 150 mg (66/84 mg; n = 160) or 200 mg (88/112 mg; n = 160); tramadol 100 mg four times daily (n = 159); or placebo four times daily (n = 83). Participants in CTC groups also received twice-daily placebo. The full analysis set included all participants who underwent randomization. The primary endpoint was the sum of pain intensity differences over 0 to 4 h (SPID0-4; visual analog scale). Key secondary endpoints included 4-h 50% responder and rescue medication use rates. Safety endpoints included adverse events (AEs), laboratory measures, and Opioid-Related Symptom Distress Scale (OR-SDS) score. RESULTS All CTC doses were superior to placebo (P < 0.001) for primary and key secondary endpoints. All were superior to tramadol for SPID0-4 (analysis of covariance least squares mean differences [95% confidence interval]: - 37.1 [- 56.5, - 17.6], - 40.2 [- 59.7, - 20.6], and - 41.7 [- 61.2, - 22.2] for 100, 150, and 200 mg CTC, respectively; P < 0.001) and 4-h 50% responder rate. Four-hour 50% responder rates were 32.9% (CTC 100 mg), 33.8% (CTC 150 mg), 40.6% (CTC 200 mg), 20.1% (tramadol), and 7.2% (placebo). Rescue medication use was lower in the 100-mg (P = 0.013) and 200-mg (P = 0.003) CTC groups versus tramadol group. AE incidence and OR-SDS scores were highest for tramadol alone. CONCLUSIONS CTC demonstrated superior pain relief compared with tramadol or placebo, as well as an improved benefit/risk profile versus tramadol. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02982161; EudraCT number, 2016-000592-24.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Vaqué
- ESTEVE Pharmaceuticals, Barcelona, Spain
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Langford R, Margarit C, Morte A, Cebrecos J, Sust M, Ortiz E, Giménez-Arnau JM, de Leon-Casasola O. Co-crystal of tramadol-celecoxib (CTC) for acute moderate-to-severe pain. Curr Med Res Opin 2024; 40:455-468. [PMID: 38205948 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2023.2276118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This narrative review aims to provide a clinical perspective on the potential role of co-crystal of tramadol-celecoxib (CTC) in the management of acute moderate-to-severe pain by synthesizing the available preclinical and clinical data, with emphasis on phase 3 trials. METHODS A non-systematic literature review was performed using a targeted PubMed search for articles published between January 1, 2000, and May 2, 2023; all publication types were permitted, and selected articles were limited to those published in English. Search results were manually reviewed to identify references based on their preclinical and clinical relevance to CTC and management of acute moderate-to-severe pain. RESULTS The crystalline structure of CTC alters the physicochemical properties of tramadol and celecoxib, modifying their pharmacokinetics. If taken in a free combination, tramadol reduces absorption of celecoxib. Conversely, administration of CTC slows tramadol absorption and lowers its maximum plasma concentration, while increasing celecoxib plasma concentration through its enhanced release. In clinical studies across models of acute moderate-to-severe pain, CTC demonstrated an early onset of analgesia, with improved efficacy and lower rescue medication use, compared with either agent alone. CTC's safety profile was in line with that expected for the individual components; no additive effects were observed. CTC exhibited tramadol-sparing effects, with efficacy seen at lower daily/cumulative opioid doses vs. tramadol alone. CONCLUSIONS Results from phase 3 trials suggest that the modified physicochemical properties of tramadol and celecoxib in CTC translate into an improved clinical benefit-risk profile, including fewer opioid-related adverse effects due to lower overall opioid dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesar Margarit
- Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Viscusi ER, de Leon‐Casasola O, Cebrecos J, Jacobs A, Morte A, Ortiz E, Sust M, Vaqué A, Gottlieb I, Daniels S, Gimbel JS, Muse D, Winkle P, Kuss M, Videla S, Gascón N, Plata‐Salamán C. Celecoxib-tramadol co-crystal in patients with moderate-to-severe pain following bunionectomy with osteotomy: A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, factorial, active- and placebo-controlled trial. Pain Pract 2023; 23:8-22. [PMID: 35686380 PMCID: PMC10084286 DOI: 10.1111/papr.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celecoxib-tramadol co-crystal (CTC) is a first-in-class analgesic co-crystal of celecoxib and racemic tramadol with an improved pharmacologic profile, conferred by the co-crystal structure, compared with its active constituents administered alone/concomitantly. AIM We evaluated CTC in moderate-to-severe acute postoperative pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized, double-blind, factorial, active- and placebo-controlled phase 3 trial (NCT03108482) was conducted at 6 US clinical research centers. Adults with moderate-to-severe acute pain following bunionectomy with osteotomy were randomized to oral CTC (200 mg [112 mg celecoxib/88 mg rac-tramadol hydrochloride] every 12 h), tramadol (50 mg every 6 h), celecoxib (100 mg every 12 h), or placebo for 48 h. Patients, investigators, and personnel were blinded to assignment. The primary endpoint was the 0-48 h sum of pain intensity differences (SPID0-48) in all randomized patients. Pain intensity was assessed on a 0-10 numerical rating scale (NRS). Safety was analyzed in patients who received study medication. Funded by ESTEVE Pharmaceuticals. RESULTS In 2017 (March to November), 1323 patients were screened and 637 randomized to CTC (n = 184), tramadol (n = 183), celecoxib (n = 181), or placebo (n = 89). Mean baseline NRS was 6.7 in all active groups. CTC had a significantly greater effect on SPID0-48 (least-squares mean: -139.1 [95% confidence interval: -151.8, -126.5]) than tramadol (-109.1 [-121.7, -96.4]; p < 0.001), celecoxib (-103.7 [-116.4, -91.0]; p < 0.001), or placebo (-74.6 [-92.5, -56.6]; p < 0.001). Total treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were 358 for CTC and 394 for tramadol. Drug-related TEAEs occurred in 37.7% patients in the CTC group, compared with 48.6% in the tramadol group. There were no serious TEAEs/deaths. CONCLUSION CTC provided greater analgesia than comparable daily doses of tramadol and celecoxib, with similar tolerability to tramadol. CTC is approved in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene R. Viscusi
- Department of AnesthesiologySidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Oscar de Leon‐Casasola
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Buffalo/Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew YorkUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Vaqué
- ESTEVE Pharmaceuticals S.ABarcelonaSpain
| | - Ira Gottlieb
- Chesapeake Research Group LLCPasadenaMarylandUSA
| | | | | | - Derek Muse
- JBR Clinical ResearchSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | | | - Michael E. Kuss
- Premier ResearchDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Present address:
Michael Kuss ConsultingAustinTexasUSA
| | - Sebastián Videla
- ESTEVE Pharmaceuticals S.ABarcelonaSpain
- Present address:
Clinical Research Support UnitClinical Pharmacology DepartmentBellvitge University HospitalL’Hospitalet deLlobregat and Pharmacology UnitDepartment of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesIDIBELL, University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
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9
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Wang Z, Xie Y, Yu M, Yang S, Lu Y, Du G. Recent Advances on the Biological Study of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:303. [DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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10
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Langford R, Morte A, Sust M, Cebrecos J, Vaqué A, Ortiz E, Fettiplace J, Adeyemi S, Raba G, But‐Husaim L, Gascón N, Plata‐Salamán C. Efficacy and safety of co-crystal of tramadol-celecoxib (CTC) in acute moderate-to-severe pain after abdominal hysterectomy: A randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial (STARDOM2). Eur J Pain 2022; 26:2083-2096. [PMID: 35974668 PMCID: PMC9826359 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND STARDOM2 is a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of co-crystal of tramadol-celecoxib (CTC)-a first-in-class analgesic co-crystal comprising racemic tramadol hydrochloride and celecoxib in a supramolecular network that modifies their pharmacokinetic properties-for the management of acute postoperative pain (NCT03062644; EudraCT:2016-000593-38). METHODS Patients with moderate-to-severe pain following abdominal hysterectomy were randomized 2:2:2:2:2:1 to oral CTC 100 mg (rac-tramadol hydrochloride 44 mg/celecoxib 56 mg) twice daily (BID); CTC 150 mg (66/84 mg) BID; CTC 200 mg (88/112 mg) BID; immediate-release tramadol 100 mg four times daily (QID); celecoxib 100 mg BID; or placebo, for 5 days. The primary endpoint was the sum of pain intensity differences over 0-4 h (SPID0-4 ). Key secondary endpoints were rescue medication use within 4 h, 50% response rate at 4 h, and safety/tolerability. RESULTS Of 1355 patients enrolled, 1138 were randomized (full analysis set) and 1136 treated (safety analysis set). In the prespecified gatekeeping analysis of SPID0-4 , CTC 200 mg was not superior to tramadol but showed non-inferior efficacy (p < 0.001) that was sustained throughout the 120-h period, despite a 5-day cumulative tramadol administration of 880 mg with CTC 200 mg BID versus 2000 mg with tramadol 100 mg QID. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and severe TEAEs were less common with CTC 200 mg versus tramadol. Treatment-related TEAEs were 14.4% with CTC 200 mg and 23.6% with tramadol. CONCLUSIONS Although the study did not meet its primary endpoint, CTC 200 mg showed a clinically relevant improvement in overall benefit/risk profile versus tramadol alone, with considerably lower cumulative opioid exposure. SIGNIFICANCE In the randomized, double-blind, phase 3 STARDOM2 trial-in acute moderate-to-severe pain after abdominal hysterectomy-the novel co-crystal of tramadol-celecoxib (CTC) 200 mg BID was superior to placebo and non-inferior to tramadol 100 mg QID. Although superiority to tramadol was not reached, CTC 200 mg BID exposed patients to lower cumulative opioid (tramadol) doses than tramadol (100 mg QID) alone, with fewer treatment-emergent adverse events. CTC 200 mg thus has a clinically relevant improved benefit/risk profile compared with tramadol alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anna Vaqué
- ESTEVE Pharmaceuticals S.A.BarcelonaSpain
| | | | - James Fettiplace
- Mundipharma Research LimitedCambridgeUK,GlaxoSmithKlineStevenageUK
| | - Shola Adeyemi
- Mundipharma Research LimitedCambridgeUK,STATSXPERTS Consulting LimitedHaverhillUK
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11
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Crystal Engineering of Ionic Cocrystals Sustained by Azolium···Azole Heterosynthons. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112321. [DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystal engineering of multi-component molecular crystals, cocrystals, is a subject of growing interest, thanks in part to the potential utility of pharmaceutical cocrystals as drug substances with improved properties. Whereas molecular cocrystals (MCCs) are quite well studied from a design perspective, ionic cocrystals (ICCs) remain relatively underexplored despite there being several recently FDA-approved drug products based upon ICCs. Successful cocrystal design strategies typically depend on strong and directional noncovalent interactions between coformers, as exemplified by hydrogen bonds. Understanding of the hierarchy of such interactions is key to successful outcomes in cocrystal design. We herein address the crystal engineering of ICCs comprising azole functional groups, particularly imidazoles and triazoles, which are commonly encountered in biologically active molecules. Specifically, azoles were studied for their propensity to serve as coformers with strong organic (trifluoroacetic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid) and inorganic (hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid and nitric acid) acids to gain insight into the hierarchy of NH+···N (azolium-azole) supramolecular heterosynthons. Accordingly, we combined data mining of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) with the structural characterization of 16 new ICCs (11 imidazoles, 4 triazoles, one imidazole-triazole). Analysis of the new ICCs and 66 relevant hits archived in the CSD revealed that supramolecular synthons between identical azole rings (A+B−A) are much more commonly encountered, 71, than supramolecular synthons between different azole rings (A+B−C), 11. The average NH+···N distance found in the new ICCs reported herein is 2.697(3) Å and binding energy calculations suggested that hydrogen bond strengths range from 31–46 kJ mol−1. The azolium-triazole ICC (A+B−C) was obtained via mechanochemistry and differed from the other ICCs studied as there was no NH+···N hydrogen bonding. That the CNC angles in imidazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles are sensitive to protonation, the cationic forms having larger (approximately 4.4 degrees) values than comparable neutral rings, was used as a parameter to distinguish between protonated and neutral azole rings. Our results indicate that ICCs based upon azolium-azole supramolecular heterosynthons are viable targets, which has implications for the development of new azole drug substances with improved properties.
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12
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An outlook on permeability escalation through cocrystallization for developing pharmaceuticals with improved biopharmaceutical properties. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Sanii R, Andaloussi YH, Patyk-Kaźmierczak E, Zaworotko MJ. Polymorphism in Ionic Cocrystals Comprising Lithium Salts and l-Proline. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:3786-3794. [PMID: 36160301 PMCID: PMC9490868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of polymorphism in ionic cocrystals formed by two lithium salts, lithium salicylate (LIS) and lithium 4-methoxybenzoate (L4M), and l-proline (PRO) has been investigated. The previously reported monoclinic form of the 1:1 cocrystal of LIS and PRO, LISPRO(α), and a new thermodynamically stable orthorhombic polymorph, LISPRO(β), were prepared and characterized. The two polymorphs form square grid, sql, topology coordination networks and differ mainly in the conformation of the salicylate ions and positioning of the sql nets. LISPRO(α) was observed to transform to LISPRO(β) under slurry conditions. The 1:1 ionic cocrystal of L4M and PRO (L4MPRO) was found to form three polymorphs. Apart from the previously reported orthorhombic crystal form, L4MPRO(α), two new monoclinic crystal forms, L4MPRO(β) and L4MPRO(γ), were obtained by modifying crystallization conditions. The new polymorphs were found to be metastable, undergoing transformations to L4MPRO(α) upon exposure to humidity. Experimental conditions that induce transformations between the polymorphs of LISPRO and L4MPRO are detailed, and the structural differences between the polymorphs are discussed in the broader context of polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Sanii
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Co., Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
| | - Yassin H. Andaloussi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Co., Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
| | - Ewa Patyk-Kaźmierczak
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - Michael J. Zaworotko
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Co., Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
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14
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Bolla G, Sarma B, Nangia AK. Crystal Engineering of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals in the Discovery and Development of Improved Drugs. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11514-11603. [PMID: 35642550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The subject of crystal engineering started in the 1970s with the study of topochemical reactions in the solid state. A broad chemical definition of crystal engineering was published in 1989, and the supramolecular synthon concept was proposed in 1995 followed by heterosynthons and their potential applications for the design of pharmaceutical cocrystals in 2004. This review traces the development of supramolecular synthons as robust and recurring hydrogen bond patterns for the design and construction of supramolecular architectures, notably, pharmaceutical cocrystals beginning in the early 2000s to the present time. The ability of a cocrystal between an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and a pharmaceutically acceptable coformer to systematically tune the physicochemical properties of a drug (i.e., solubility, permeability, hydration, color, compaction, tableting, bioavailability) without changing its molecular structure is the hallmark of the pharmaceutical cocrystals platform, as a bridge between drug discovery and pharmaceutical development. With the design of cocrystals via heterosynthons and prototype case studies to improve drug solubility in place (2000-2015), the period between 2015 to the present time has witnessed the launch of several salt-cocrystal drugs with improved efficacy and high bioavailability. This review on the design, synthesis, and applications of pharmaceutical cocrystals to afford improved drug products and drug substances will interest researchers in crystal engineering, supramolecular chemistry, medicinal chemistry, process development, and pharmaceutical and materials sciences. The scale-up of drug cocrystals and salts using continuous manufacturing technologies provides high-value pharmaceuticals with economic and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Bolla
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Building 43, Room 201, Sderot Ben-Gurion 1, Be'er Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Bipul Sarma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India
| | - Ashwini K Nangia
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
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15
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OUP accepted manuscript. J AOAC Int 2022; 105:1479-1483. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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