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Xu Y, Zhang W, Xia T, Liu Y, Bi Z, Guo L, Xie W, Xiang Y, Xu Z, Yu Z, Li Y, Bai L. Diagnostic value of tumor-associated autoantibodies panel in combination with traditional tumor markers for lung cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1022331. [PMID: 36874112 PMCID: PMC9975551 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1022331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The diagnostic value of 7 tumor-associated autoantibodies (AABs) including p53, PGP9.5, SOX2, GAGE7, GBU4-5, MEGEA1, and CAGE for the detection of lung cancer has shown inconsistency in several studies. This study aimed to confirm the diagnostic value of 7AABs and to explore whether the diagnostic value would be improved by combining them with 7 traditional tumor-associated antigens (CEA, NSE, CA125, SCC, CA15-3, pro-GRP, and CYFRA21-1) in clinical settings. Methods The plasma levels of 7-AABs were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 533 lung cancer cases and 454 controls. The 7 tumor antigens (7-TAs) were measured by Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay with Cobas 6000 (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). Results The positive rate of 7-AABs in the lung cancer group (64.00%) was significantly higher than that of healthy controls (47.90%). The 7-AABs panel was able to discriminate lung cancer from controls with a specificity of 51.50%. After combining the 7-AABs with 7-TAs, the sensitivity showed a significantly enhancement compared with 7AABs panel alone (92.09% vs 63.21%). In patients with resectable lung cancer, the combination of 7-AABs and 7-TAs improved the sensitivity from 63.52% to 97.42. Discussion In conclusion, our study found that the diagnostic value of 7-AABs was enhanced when combined with 7-TAs. This combined panel could be used as promising biomarker to detect resectable lung cancer in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuliang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhoukui Bi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Weijia Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zubin Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, North-Kuanren General Hospital, Chongqing, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yafei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Li Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Yang L, Yu Y, Ma C, Wang H, Dai J, Duan H, Fu Z, Wu P, Wang D, Yu X. Development of RBC Membrane Antigen Arrays for Validating Blood Grouping Reagents. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3237-3245. [PMID: 30114910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antibody reagents have been remained as a standard approach to characterize blood group (BG) antigens in clinic. The specificity and cross-reactivity of these BG antibodies are routine detected using the gel microcolumn assay (GMA). However, the GMA is neither specific nor sensitive, thus increasing the risk of improperly matched RBC transfusions. In this work, we describe a bead-based RBC membrane antigen array to detect BG antibody-antigen binding with ∼700-fold higher sensitivity and dynamic range than the GMA. RBC membrane antigen arrays were fabricated using fragmented RBC membranes highly enriched in BG panel antigens. The arrays were then used to screen the interactions of 15 BG reagents to three antigen panels. The majority of the antibody reactions (i.e., 86.7%; 39/45) aligned with those obtained with the GMA. The six cross-reactive, nonspecific antibody reactions identified only by our arrays (i.e., 13.3%; 6/45) were confirmed by agglutination inhibition and genotyping assays. These results demonstrate that our RBC membrane antigen array has great potential in screening BG antibodies and improving the safety of RBC transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , 100853 , China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Blood Transfusion , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , 100853 , China
| | - Chunya Ma
- Department of Blood Transfusion , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , 100853 , China
| | - Hongye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (PHOENIX Center, Beijing) , Beijing Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing , 102206 , China
| | - Jiayu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (PHOENIX Center, Beijing) , Beijing Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing , 102206 , China
| | - Hu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (PHOENIX Center, Beijing) , Beijing Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing , 102206 , China
| | - Zhonglin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (PHOENIX Center, Beijing) , Beijing Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing , 102206 , China
| | - Ping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (PHOENIX Center, Beijing) , Beijing Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing , 102206 , China
| | - Deqing Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , 100853 , China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (PHOENIX Center, Beijing) , Beijing Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing , 102206 , China
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Heyduk E, Hickey R, Pozzi N, Heyduk T. Peptide ligand-based ELISA reagents for antibody detection. Anal Biochem 2018; 559:55-61. [PMID: 30130491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Detection of specific antibodies has numerous research, therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Short peptide ligands that bind specifically to antibodies with continuous epitopes can be derived from epitope mapping experiments. Short peptide ligands (mimotopes) specific to antibodies with discontinuous epitopes can be identified by screening complex peptide libraries. In an effort to enhance practical utility of such peptide ligands, we describe here a simple approach to turn such target antibody-specific peptide ligands into specific ELISA detection reagents. We show that a simple addition of biotinylated peptide ligands to commonly available horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled streptavidin (or HRP-anti-biotin antibody), or digoxigenin-labeled peptides to HRP-anti-digoxigenin antibody detection reagents transformed these generic detection reagents into sensitive target antibody-specific reagents. ELISA assays performed using these reagents exhibited excellent analytical properties indicating their practical utility for antibody detection. One generic detection reagent can be readily transformed into many different specific ELISA reagents by a simple mix and match design using an appropriate target-specific peptide ligand. Simplicity of preparation of these ELISA reagents for detecting antibodies should facilitate their practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Heyduk
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University Medical School, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Rachel Hickey
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University Medical School, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Nicola Pozzi
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University Medical School, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Tomasz Heyduk
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University Medical School, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
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4
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Yu-Rice Y, Edassery SL, Urban N, Hellstrom I, Hellstrom KE, Deng Y, Li Y, Luborsky JL. Selenium-Binding Protein 1 (SBP1) autoantibodies in ovarian disorders and ovarian cancer. Reproduction 2016; 153:277-284. [PMID: 27965399 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Infertility is a risk factor for ovarian cancer (OvCa). The goal was to determine if antibodies to selenium-binding protein 1 (SBP1), an autoantibody we identified in patients with premature ovarian failure (POF), occurs in both infertility and OvCa patients, and thus could be associated with preneoplasia. Anti-SBP1 was measured by immunoassay against recombinant SBP1, in sera from OvCa (n = 41), infertility (n = 92) and control (n = 87) patients. Infertility causes were POF, unexplained, irregular ovulation or endometriosis. The percent of anti-SBP1-positive sera was higher in POF (P = 0.02), irregular ovulation (P = 0.001), unexplained causes (P = 0.02), late (III-IV)-stage OvCa (P = 0.02) but was not significant in endometriosis, benign ovarian tumors/cysts, early stage (I-II) OvCa or uterine cancer compared to healthy controls. Anti-SBP1 was significantly higher in women with serous (P = 0.04) but not non-serous (P = 0.33) OvCa compared to controls. Also, we determined if anti-SBP1 was associated with CA125 or anti-TP53, markers often studied in OvCa. Anti-TP53 and CA125 were measured by established immunoassays. The ability of anti-SBP1 alone to discriminate infertility or OvCa from controls or when combined with anti-TP53 and CA125, to identify OvCa was evaluated by comparing the area under the curve (AUC) in ROC analysis. Anti-SBP1 alone discriminated infertility (AUC = 0.7; P = 0.001) or OvCa (AUC = 0.67; P = 0.03) from controls. The sensitivity and specificity of OvCa identification was increased by combining CA125, anti-TP53 and anti-SBP1 (AUC = 0.96). Therefore, anti-SBP1 occurs in infertile women with POF, ovulatory disturbances or unexplained infertility and in serous OvCa. This suggests an autoimmune process is associated with the development of serous OvCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu-Rice
- Department of PharmacologyRush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Seby L Edassery
- Department of PharmacologyRush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicole Urban
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ingegerd Hellstrom
- Department of PathologyHarborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Karl Erik Hellstrom
- Department of PathologyHarborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Bioinformatics and BiostatisticsRush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and BiostatisticsRush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Judith L Luborsky
- Department of PharmacologyRush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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5
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Broodman I, Lindemans J, van Sten J, Bischoff R, Luider T. Serum Protein Markers for the Early Detection of Lung Cancer: A Focus on Autoantibodies. J Proteome Res 2016; 16:3-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rainer Bischoff
- Analytical
Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius
Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Anti-α-enolase is a prognostic marker in postoperative lung cancer patients. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35073-86. [PMID: 26551021 PMCID: PMC4741510 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies suggest that antibodies against ENO1 (anti-ENO1 Ab) have a protective role in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic value of anti-ENO1 Ab levels in non-small cell lung carcinoma patients undergoing surgery. Circulating levels of anti-ENO1 Ab were assessed in 85 non-small cell lung carcinoma patients before and after surgery, and were correlated with clinical outcome. After surgery, patients with a higher increase of anti-ENO1 Ab had a lower hazard ratio and a better progression-free survival. Using animal models, we demonstrated that tumor cells reduce the circulating levels of anti-ENO1 Ab through physical absorption and neutralization of anti-ENO1 Ab with surface-expressed and secreted ENO1, respectively. Mice transplanted with ENO1-overexpressing tumors generated ENO1-specific regulatory T cells to suppress the production of anti-ENO1 Ab. Our results suggest that the increase of anti-ENO1 Ab may reflect anti-tumor immune responses and serve as a prognostic marker in postoperative lung cancer patients.
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Ren B, Wei X, Zou G, He J, Xu G, Xu F, Huang Y, Zhu H, Li Y, Ma G, Yu P. Cancer testis antigen SPAG9 is a promising marker for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2599-605. [PMID: 26934841 PMCID: PMC4811394 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer testis antigen sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) is highly expressed in many types of cancers. In the present study, to obtain a better understanding of the relevance of SPAG9 in cancer diagnosis and treatment, the expression of SPAG9 mRNA and protein in lung cancer specimens was evaluated by RT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. ELISA was used to quantify the SPAG9 autoantibody in the peripheral blood of lung cancer patients. The results showed that the expression of SPAG9 mRNA and protein in the lung cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in the adjacent non-cancerous tissues (P<0.01). The level of the SPAG9 autoantibody in the serum of lung cancer patients was significantly higher than the level in the healthy controls (P<0.001), and the level of the SPAG9 autoantibody in the serum of untreated patients was significantly higher than that in treated patients (P=0.002). SPAG9 IgG antibody levels were significantly lower in treated adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancer patients than these levels in the untreated patients (P=0.006, P=0.026, respectively), while no statistical difference was found between treated and untreated squamous cell carcinoma patients. Our results suggest that the SPAG9 antibody in serum is a promising marker for the diagnosis of lung cancer, and the level of the humoral immune response to this antigen appears to be related to the type of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqiong Ren
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Wei
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Guoying Zou
- Laboratory of The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Junyu He
- Laboratory of The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Guofeng Xu
- Laboratory of The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- Laboratory of The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Yiran Huang
- Department of Laboratory of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Haowen Zhu
- Laboratory of The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Laboratory of The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Guoan Ma
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
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8
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Immune-Signatures for Lung Cancer Diagnostics: Evaluation of Protein Microarray Data Normalization Strategies. MICROARRAYS 2015; 4:162-87. [PMID: 27600218 PMCID: PMC4996396 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays4020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
New minimal invasive diagnostic methods for early detection of lung cancer are urgently needed. It is known that the immune system responds to tumors with production of tumor-autoantibodies. Protein microarrays are a suitable highly multiplexed platform for identification of autoantibody signatures against tumor-associated antigens (TAA). These microarrays can be probed using 0.1 mg immunoglobulin G (IgG), purified from 10 µL of plasma. We used a microarray comprising recombinant proteins derived from 15,417 cDNA clones for the screening of 100 lung cancer samples, including 25 samples of each main histological entity of lung cancer, and 100 controls. Since this number of samples cannot be processed at once, the resulting data showed non-biological variances due to “batch effects”. Our aim was to evaluate quantile normalization, “distance-weighted discrimination” (DWD), and “ComBat” for their effectiveness in data pre-processing for elucidating diagnostic immune-signatures. “ComBat” data adjustment outperformed the other methods and allowed us to identify classifiers for all lung cancer cases versus controls and small-cell, squamous cell, large-cell, and adenocarcinoma of the lung with an accuracy of 85%, 94%, 96%, 92%, and 83% (sensitivity of 0.85, 0.92, 0.96, 0.88, 0.83; specificity of 0.85, 0.96, 0.96, 0.96, 0.83), respectively. These promising data would be the basis for further validation using targeted autoantibody tests.
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9
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Cancer proteomics. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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10
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Chao T, Ladd JJ, Qiu J, Johnson MM, Israel R, Chin A, Wang H, Prentice RL, Feng Z, Disis ML, Hanash S. Proteomic profiling of the autoimmune response to breast cancer antigens uncovers a suppressive effect of hormone therapy. Proteomics Clin Appl 2013; 7:327-36. [PMID: 23401414 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Proteomics technologies are well suited for harnessing the immune response to tumor antigens for diagnostic applications as in the case of breast cancer. We previously reported a substantial impact of hormone therapy (HT) on the proteome. Here, we investigated the effect of HT on the immune response toward breast tumor antigens. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Plasmas collected 0-10 months prior to diagnosis of ER+ breast cancer from 190 postmenopausal women and 190 controls that participated in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study were analyzed for the effect of HT on IgG reactivity against arrayed proteins from MCF-7 or SKBR3 breast cancer cell line lysates following extensive fractionation. RESULTS HT user cases exhibited significantly reduced autoantibody reactivity against arrayed proteins compared to cases who were Not Current users. An associated reduced level of IL-6 and other immune-related cytokines was observed among HT users relative to nonusers. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our findings suggest occurrence of a global altered immune response to breast cancer-derived proteins associated with HT. Thus a full understanding of factors that modulate the immune response is necessary to translate autoantibody panels into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Chao
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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11
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New targets for the immunotherapy of colon cancer-does reactive disease hold the answer? Cancer Gene Ther 2013; 20:157-68. [PMID: 23492821 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2013.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in both men and women, posing a serious demographic and economic burden worldwide. In the United Kingdom, CRC affects 1 in every 20 people and it is often detected once well established and after it has spread beyond the bowel (Stage IIA-C and Stage IIIA-C). A diagnosis at such advanced stages is associated with poor treatment response and survival. However, studies have identified two sub-groups of post-treatment CRC patients--those with good outcome (reactive disease) and those with poor outcome (non-reactive disease). We aim to review the state-of-the-art for CRC with respect to the expression of cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) and their identification, evaluation and correlation with disease progression, treatment response and survival. We will also discuss the relationship between CTA expression and regulatory T-cell (Treg) activity to tumorigenesis and tumor immune evasion in CRC and how this could account for the clinical presentation of CRC. Understanding the molecular basis of reactive CRC may help us identify more potent novel immunotherapeutic targets to aid the effective treatment of this disease. In this review, based on our presentation at the 2012 International Society for the Cell and Gene Therapy of Cancer annual meeting, we will summarize some of the most current advances in CTA and CRC research and their influence on the development of novel immunotherapeutic approaches for this common and at times difficult to treat disease.
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Pranay A, Shukla S, Kannan S, Malgundkar SA, Govekar RB, Patil A, Kane SV, Chaturvedi P, D'Cruz AK, Zingde SM. Prognostic utility of autoantibodies to α-enolase and Hsp70 for cancer of the gingivo-buccal complex using immunoproteomics. Proteomics Clin Appl 2013; 7:392-402. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Pranay
- Advanced Centre for Treatment; Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC); Tata Memorial Centre; Kharghar; Navi Mumbai; India
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Advanced Centre for Treatment; Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC); Tata Memorial Centre; Kharghar; Navi Mumbai; India
| | - Sadhana Kannan
- Advanced Centre for Treatment; Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC); Tata Memorial Centre; Kharghar; Navi Mumbai; India
| | - Siddhi A. Malgundkar
- Advanced Centre for Treatment; Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC); Tata Memorial Centre; Kharghar; Navi Mumbai; India
| | - Rukmini B. Govekar
- Advanced Centre for Treatment; Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC); Tata Memorial Centre; Kharghar; Navi Mumbai; India
| | | | - Shubhada V. Kane
- Tata Memorial Hospital; Tata Memorial Centre; Parel; Mumbai; India
| | | | - Anil K. D'Cruz
- Tata Memorial Hospital; Tata Memorial Centre; Parel; Mumbai; India
| | - Surekha M. Zingde
- Advanced Centre for Treatment; Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC); Tata Memorial Centre; Kharghar; Navi Mumbai; India
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Xu QW, Zhao W, Wang Y, Sartor MA, Han DM, Deng J, Ponnala R, Yang JY, Zhang QY, Liao GQ, Qu YM, Li L, Liu FF, Zhao HM, Yin YH, Chen WF, Zhang Y, Wang XS. An integrated genome-wide approach to discover tumor-specific antigens as potential immunologic and clinical targets in cancer. Cancer Res 2012; 72:6351-61. [PMID: 23135912 PMCID: PMC3525759 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-specific antigens (TSA) are central elements in the immune control of cancers. To systematically explore the TSA genome, we developed a computational technology called heterogeneous expression profile analysis (HEPA), which can identify genes relatively uniquely expressed in cancer cells in contrast to normal somatic tissues. Rating human genes by their HEPA score enriched for clinically useful TSA genes, nominating candidate targets whose tumor-specific expression was verified by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Coupled with HEPA, we designed a novel assay termed protein A/G-based reverse serological evaluation (PARSE) for quick detection of serum autoantibodies against an array of putative TSA genes. Remarkably, highly tumor-specific autoantibody responses against seven candidate targets were detected in 4% to 11% of patients, resulting in distinctive autoantibody signatures in lung and stomach cancers. Interrogation of a larger cohort of 149 patients and 123 healthy individuals validated the predictive value of the autoantibody signature for lung cancer. Together, our results establish an integrated technology to uncover a cancer-specific antigen genome offering a reservoir of novel immunologic and clinical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wen Xu
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L, Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, CCMB, University of Michigan, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Maureen A. Sartor
- National Center for Integrative Biomedical Informatics, CCMB, University of Michigan, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Dong-Mei Han
- Department of Hematology, PLA Air Force General Hospital, Beijing 100036, China
| | - Jixin Deng
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Rakesh Ponnala
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L, Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, CCMB, University of Michigan, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jiang-Ying Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Qing Liao
- Department of Oncology, PLA 309 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Mei Qu
- Department of Oncology, PLA 309 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Fang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Hui Yin
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei-Feng Chen
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Song Wang
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L, Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, CCMB, University of Michigan, MI, 48109, USA
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Wang J, Cheng D, Chan JKL, Luo X, Wu H, Hsing IM. Yeast surface display-based microfluidic immunoassay. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2012; 166:878-883. [PMID: 32288242 PMCID: PMC7127699 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2012.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a new microfluidic immunoassay platform, which is based on the synergistic combination of the yeast surface display (YSD) technique and the microfluidic technology. Utilizing the YSD technique, antigens specific to the target antibody are displayed on the surface of engineered yeast cells with intracellular fluorescent proteins. The displayed antigens are then used for the detection of the target antibody, with the yeast cells as fluorescent labels. Multiplex immunoassay can be readily realized by using yeast cells expressing different intracellular fluorescent proteins to display different antigens. The implementation of this YSD-based immunoassay on the microfluidic platform eliminates the need for the bulky, complex and expensive flow cytometer. To improve the detection sensitivity and to eliminate the need for pumping, a functionalized micro pillar array (MPA) is incorporated in the microfluidic chip, resulting in a detection limit of 5 ng/mL (or 1 ng in terms of amount) and enhanced compatibility with practical applications such as clinical biopsy. This new platform has a high potential to be integrated into microfluidic detection systems to enable portable diagnostics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Danhui Cheng
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jay Kwok-Lun Chan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoteng Luo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - I-Ming Hsing
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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15
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Murphy MA, O'Connell DJ, O'Kane SL, O'Brien JK, O'Toole S, Martin C, Sheils O, O'Leary JJ, Cahill DJ. Epitope presentation is an important determinant of the utility of antigens identified from protein arrays in the development of autoantibody diagnostic assays. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4668-75. [PMID: 22415278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Autoantibodies represent an attractive biomarker for diagnostic assays principally due to the stability of immunoglobulin in patient serum facilitating measurement with conventional assays. Immune responses to tumorigenesis may facilitate detection of ovarian cancer in the early stages of the disease with identification of a panel of tumour specific autoantibodies. Despite the reporting of many tumour associated autoantibodies using arrays of tumour antigens, this has not led to the advance in diagnostic capability as rapidly as was initially expected. Here we examine the potential diagnostic utility of candidate autoantibody biomarkers identified via screening of serum samples on a high content human protein array from a unique cohort of early stage and late stage ovarian cancer patients. We analyse the performance of autoantibodies to the tumour suppressor protein p53 and the novel autoantigens alpha adducin and endosulfine alpha identified in our array screen. Each antigen has different performance characteristics using conventional ELISA format and Western blot immunoassay. The high attrition rate of promising autoantigens identified by array screening can in part be explained by the presentation of the epitope of the antigen in the subsequent method of validation and this study provides directions on maximising the potential of candidate biomarkers. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translational Proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairead A Murphy
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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16
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Broodman I, de Costa D, Stingl C, Dekker LJM, VanDuijn MM, Lindemans J, van Klaveren RJ, Luider TM. Mass spectrometry analyses of κ and λ fractions result in increased number of complementarity-determining region identifications. Proteomics 2011; 12:183-91. [PMID: 22120973 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sera from lung cancer patients contain antibodies against tumor-associated antigens. Specific amino acid sequences of the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) in the antigen-binding fragment (Fab) of these antibodies have potential as lung cancer biomarkers. Detection and identification of CDRs by mass spectrometry can significantly be improved by reduction of the complexity of the immunoglobulin molecule. Our aim was to molecular dissect IgG into κ and λ fragments to reduce the complexity and thereby identify substantially more CDRs than by just total Fab isolation. We purified Fab, Fab-κ, Fab-λ, κ and λ light chains from serum from 10 stage I lung adenocarcinoma patients and 10 matched controls from the current and former smokers. After purification, the immunoglobulin fragments were enzymatically digested and measured by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Finally, we compared the number of CDRs identified in these immunoglobulin fragments with that in the Fab fragments. Twice as many CDRs were identified when Fab-κ, Fab-λ, κ and λ (3330) were combined than in the Fab fraction (1663) alone. The number of CDRs and κ:λ ratio was statistically similar in both cases and controls. Molecular dissection of IgG identifies significantly more CDRs, which increases the likelihood of finding lung cancer-related CDR sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Broodman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Hanash S. Harnessing the immune response for cancer detection. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:569-70. [PMID: 21454417 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Hanash
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Molecular Diagnostics, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, M5-C800, PO Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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18
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Diamandis EP, Goodglick L, Planque C, Thornquist MD. Pentraxin-3 is a novel biomarker of lung carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:2395-9. [PMID: 21257721 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our objective was to validate the performance of three new candidate lung cancer biomarkers, pentraxin-3 (PTX3), human kallikrein 11 (KLK11), and progranulin. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed by commercial ELISA, and with a blinded protocol, 422 samples from 203 patients with lung carcinoma, 180 individuals with high risk for lung cancer (heavy smokers), and 43 individuals with cancers other than lung. All samples were obtained from the Early Detection Research Network (Reference set A). RESULTS We found that progranulin and KLK11 were not informative lung cancer biomarkers, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC; ROC), close to 0.50. However, PTX3 was an informative lung cancer biomarker, with considerable ability to separate lung cancer patients from high-risk controls. At 90% and 80% specificity, the sensitivities versus the high-risk control group were 37% and 48%, respectively. The discriminatory ability of PTX3 was about the same with all major subtypes and histotypes of lung cancer. The AUC of the ROC curves increased according to the disease stage, from 0.64 (stage I) to 0.72 (stage IV). CONCLUSION PTX3, but not KLK11 or progranulin, is a new serum biomarker for lung carcinoma. Its diagnostic sensitivity and specificity is similar to other clinically used lung cancer biomarkers. More studies are needed to establish if PTX3 has clinical utility for lung cancer diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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19
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Abstract
Protein microarrays provide an efficient method to immunoprofile patients in an effort to rapidly identify disease immunosignatures. The validity of using autoantibodies in diagnosis has been demonstrated in type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus, and is now being strongly considered in cancer. Several types of protein microarrays exist including antibody and antigen arrays. In this chapter, we describe the immunoprofiling application for one type of antigen array called NAPPA (nucleic acids programmable protein array). We provide a guideline for setting up the screening study and designing protein arrays to maximize the likelihood of obtaining quality data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sibani
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Medicine, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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20
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Guo Y, Cheng D, Lee TY, Wang J, Hsing IM. New Immunoassay Platform Utilizing Yeast Surface Display and Direct Cell Counting. Anal Chem 2010; 82:9601-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102241k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Fok Ying Tung Graduate School, and Bioengineering Graduate Program, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Danhui Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Fok Ying Tung Graduate School, and Bioengineering Graduate Program, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Tsz Yan Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Fok Ying Tung Graduate School, and Bioengineering Graduate Program, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Fok Ying Tung Graduate School, and Bioengineering Graduate Program, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - I-Ming Hsing
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Fok Ying Tung Graduate School, and Bioengineering Graduate Program, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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µFBI: a microfluidic bead-based immunoassay for multiplexed detection of proteins from a µL sample volume. PLoS One 2010; 5. [PMID: 20957050 PMCID: PMC2948516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the last ten years, miniaturized multiplexed immunoassays have become robust, reliable research tools that enable researchers to simultaneously determine a multitude of parameters. Among the numerous analytical protein arrays available, bead-based assay systems have evolved into a key technology that enables the quantitative protein profiling of biological samples whilst requiring only a minimal amount of sample material. Methodology/Principal Findings A microfluidic bead-based immunoassay, µFBI, was developed to perform bead-based multiplexed sandwich immunoassays in a capillary. This setup allows the simultaneous detection of several parameters and only requires 200 ng of tissue lysate in a 1 µL assay volume. In addition, only 1 µL of detection antibodies and 1 µL of the reporter molecule Streptavidin-Phycoerythrin were required. The µFBI was used to compare the expression of seven receptor tyrosine kinases and their degree of tyrosine phosphorylation in breast cancer tissue and in normal tissue lysates. The total amount of HER-2, as well the degree of tyrosine phosphorylation was much higher in breast cancer tissue than in normal tissue. µFBI and a standard bead-based assay led to identical protein expression data. Moreover, it was possible to reduce the quantity of sample material required by a factor of 100 and the quantity of reagents by a factor of 30. Conclusions/Significance The µFBI, microfluidic bead-based immunoassay, allows the analysis of multiple parameters from a very small amount of sample material, such as tumor biopsies or tissue sections.
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22
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Zhao A, Nunez-Cruz S, Li C, Coukos G, Siegel DL, Scholler N. Rapid isolation of high-affinity human antibodies against the tumor vascular marker Endosialin/TEM1, using a paired yeast-display/secretory scFv library platform. J Immunol Methods 2010; 363:221-32. [PMID: 20837020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Endosialin/TEM1 is predominantly expressed on neovasculature, thus ideally suited for diagnostic, targeted imaging and therapy of cancer. To isolate TEM1-specific affinity reagents, we thought to screen a recombinant antibody (scFv) library derived from the repertoire of a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), as autoimmune disorders may produce self-reactive specificities. The yeast-display scFv library was constructed by homologous recombination of the TTP patient repertoire originally expressed on M13 bacteriophage in the novel vector pAGA2 for yeast-display expression. The TTP yeast-display library (10⁹ members) was screened by magnetic and flow sorting with human TEM1 recombinant protein. A pool of yeast-display scFv able to detect 2nM of TEM1 was obtained and transformed into yeast-secreted scFv by homologous recombination using the novel p416 BCCP vector for yeast secretion of biotinylated scFv. Anti-TEM1 yeast-secreted scFv were independently validated in vitro by flow cytometry analysis and ELISA assays, then in vivo biotinylated in N-termini to produce biobodies. Biobody-78 bound specifically to Endosialin/TEM1-expressing ovarian tumor in vivo, with functional stability over 48 h. Our results suggest that our novel paired display-secretory yeast libraries can serve as an ideal platform for the rapid isolation of high-affinity reagents, and that anti-TEM1 biobody-78 can be used for in vitro assays including flow cytometry analysis, as well as in vivo for targeted imaging and therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhi Zhao
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health (CRRWH), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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TAA polyepitope DNA-based vaccines: a potential tool for cancer therapy. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:102758. [PMID: 20617190 PMCID: PMC2896612 DOI: 10.1155/2010/102758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-based cancer vaccines represent an attractive strategy for inducing immunity to tumor associated antigens (TAAs) in cancer patients. The demonstration that the delivery of a recombinant plasmid encoding epitopes can lead to epitope production, processing, and presentation to CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and the advantage of using a single DNA construct encoding multiple epitopes of one or more TAAs to elicit a broad spectrum of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes has encouraged the development of a variety of strategies aimed at increasing immunogenicity of TAA polyepitope DNA-based vaccines. The polyepitope DNA-based cancer vaccine approach can (a) circumvent the variability of peptide presentation by tumor cells, (b) allow the introduction in the plasmid construct of multiple immunogenic epitopes including heteroclitic epitope versions, and (c) permit to enroll patients with different major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes. This review will discuss the rationale for using the TAA polyepitope DNA-based vaccination strategy and recent results corroborating the usefulness of DNA encoding polyepitope vaccines as a potential tool for cancer therapy.
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24
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Wu L, Chang W, Zhao J, Yu Y, Tan X, Su T, Zhao L, Huang S, Liu S, Cao G. Development of autoantibody signatures as novel diagnostic biomarkers of non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:3760-8. [PMID: 20501620 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To select autoantibody signatures as noninvasive biomarkers of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A phage cDNA expression library was constructed with fresh samples from 30 lung cancer patients and biopanned using serum pools of 10 NSCLC patients and 10 healthy controls. A six-phage peptide detector was discovered by two-step immunoscreenings and was validated in an independent set of 90 NSCLC patients and 90 matched healthy controls, 30 NSCLC patients with chemotherapy, and 12 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The expression of a peptide target was validated by using immunohistochemistry. Factors affecting NSCLC-related death were evaluated by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Six phage peptide clones showing higher seroreactivity than others in 30 NSCLC patients were selected for diagnostic validation. The six-phage peptide detector was able to discriminate between NSCLC patients and healthy controls with a sensitivity and specificity of >92%, and had similar validity for indicating NSCLC at early stage. The seroreactivity of the six phage peptides was significantly higher in the NSCLC patients than in those with chemotherapy and the COPD patients, respectively. Of the six phage peptides, one encoded a peptide showing 100% homology to olfactomedin 1. Expression of olfactomedin 1 protein was significantly higher in lung adenocarcinoma than in lung cancer of other histologic types and normal lung tissues. The autoantibody signature was not associated with the prognosis of the NSCLC patients. CONCLUSIONS The six-phage peptide detector stands out as promising diagnostic biomarkers for NSCLC, unlikely for NSCLC relapse after chemotherapy. Olfactomedin 1 may be a novel target of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Holm L, Moody P, Howarth M. Electrophilic affibodies forming covalent bonds to protein targets. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:32906-13. [PMID: 19759009 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.034322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody affinity limits sensitivity of detection in many areas of biology and medicine. High affinity usually depends on achieving the optimal combination of the natural 20 amino acids in the antibody binding site. Here, we investigate the effect on recognition of protein targets of placing an unnatural electrophile adjacent to the target binding site. We positioned a weak electrophile, acrylamide, near the binding site between an affibody, a non-immunoglobulin binding scaffold, and its protein target. The proximity between cysteine, lysine, or histidine on the target protein drove covalent bond formation to the electrophile on the affibody. Covalent bonds did not form to a non-interacting point mutant of the target, and there was minimal cross-reactivity with serum, cell lysate, or when imaging at the cell surface. Electrophilic affibodies showed more stable protein imaging at the surface of mammalian cells, and the sensitivity of protein detection in an immunoassay improved by two orders of magnitude. Thus electrophilic affibodies combined good specificity with improved detection of protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Holm
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
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