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Nourani L, Baghkheirati AA, Zargar M, Karimi V, Djadid ND. Haemoproteosis and avian malaria in Columbidae and Corvidae from Iran. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:2043-2050. [PMID: 34240581 PMCID: PMC8464302 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian malaria (Plasmodium) and related genera (Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon) are diverse and widespread parasites. Despite the extent of knowledge on avian haemosporidian parasites, information about domestic and wild bird's blood parasites is overall insufficient in Iran. Prevalence of the haemosporidian parasites’ and phylogenetic relationship of lineages are studied by using molecular and morphological results of 152 examined hosts belonging to 17 species. Molecular analysis for haemosporidian detections demonstrated overall prevalence 22.36%. Inspected hosts mostly belonging to Common Pigeons (Columba livia) parasitized by Haemoproteus spp., and Hooded Crows (Corvus cornix) and Carrion Crow (C. corone) were identified as hosting Plasmodium spp. Detected lineages COLIV03, COQUI05, LINN01, ROFI04 and SGS01 are identified as new reports from Iran. We detected no evidence of Leucocytozoon lineages, while the high prevalence of H. columbae was found in Common Pigeons. Such investigation on avian blood parasites contributes to providing new information on the prevalence, epidemiology and geographical distribution of haemosporidian parasites circulating in domestic, pets and wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Nourani
- Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Zargar
- Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Karimi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Poultry Diseases, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Dinparast Djadid
- Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Bata SI, Maikai BV, Kwaga JKP, Okubanjo OO, Pam L, Wungak YS, Kamani J, Elisha C, Ogbu K, Dike M, Ringyl CS, Makama S. Serological evidence of exposure to Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild birds and local chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Plateau State, North Central Nigeria. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2021; 25:100601. [PMID: 34474794 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, the cause of toxoplasmosis is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite of veterinary and public health importance. Ground feeding birds play an active role in the epidemiology of the disease and are the best indicators of soil contamination with the oocysts. Thirteen (14.1%; 95% CI = 7.7-23.0) of the 92 wild birds (6 of Coliformes; 4 of Columbiformes; 67 of Passeriformes and 15 of Piciformes) captured from Shere hills and 43 (9.3%; 95%CI = 4.9-12.4) of the 460 local chickens obtained across 3 senatorial regions of Plateau State, Nigeria were positive for anti-T. gondii antibodies using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Varying prevalence (16.7-100%) of anti-T. gondii antibodies were recorded across 10 of 35 wild bird species; 2 (28.6) of 7 African thrush (Turdus pelios), 2 (33.3) of 6 speckled mouse bird (Colius striatus), 1 (20.0%) of 5 speckled fronted weaver (Sporopipes frontalis), 1 (33.3%) of 3 Northern Red bishop (Euplectes franciscanus), 1 (50.0%) of 2 village weaver (Ploceus cucullatus), 2 (28.6%) of 7 common bulbul (Pycnonotus barbatus), 1 (50.0%) of 2 black crowned tchagra (Tchagra senegalus), 1 (50.0%) of 2 black billed wood dove (Turtur abyssinicus), 1 (100.0%) of 1 mocking cliff chat (Thamnolaea cinamomeiventris), 1 (16.7) of 6 vieillot's barbet (Lybius vieilloti). The prevalence did not vary significantly based on the sex (p = 0.14), feeding guild (p = 0.53) and the taxonomic order (p = 0.62) of the wild birds. Regional based prevalence among local chickens ranged between 8.0 and 11.8% across the 3 senatorial zones. The source (p = 0.513; 95% CI = 4.9-16.8) and age (p = 0.797; 95% CI = 4.9-16.8) of local chickens were not associated with T. gondii seropositivity. Seropositivity was higher in the females (95% CI = 9.1-18.3) than in the males (p = 0.004; 95% CI = 3.0-9.4). This is the first report of the serological evidence of exposure to T. gondii infection in a wide variety of wild birds and local chickens in the area. It suggest that birds in this region are important asymptomatic intermediate hosts and play a role in the maintenance of the organism in the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Bata
- Department of Veterinary and Science Laboratory Technology, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.
| | - B V Maikai
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria
| | - J K P Kwaga
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria
| | - O O Okubanjo
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - L Pam
- Biotechnology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Y S Wungak
- Viral Research Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - J Kamani
- Parasitology Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - C Elisha
- Animal Health Department, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - K Ogbu
- Animal Health Department, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - M Dike
- Animal Health Department, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - C S Ringyl
- Animal Health Department, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - S Makama
- Biochemistry Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
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Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii in Wild Birds of Punjab Province, Pakistan. J Wildl Dis 2019; 55:129-135. [DOI: 10.7589/2017-09-228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zahoor MA, Zahoor MK, Siddique AB, Shafique M, Nawaz Z, Yasmin A, Qamar MF, Shahid MA. Welfare of Pet Birds and Potential Zoonoses. Anim Welf 2018. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.72282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Taylor AR, Young BD, Levine GJ, Eden K, Corapi W, Rossmeisl JH, Levine JM. Clinical Features and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in 7 Dogs with Central Nervous System Aspergillosis. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:1556-63. [PMID: 26473515 PMCID: PMC4895661 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic aspergillosis is a manifestation of Aspergillus sp. infection that can result in central nervous system (CNS) involvement with marked alterations in CNS function. Information regarding the clinical presentation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in cases of aspergillosis with CNS involvement is lacking, resulting in a need for better understanding of this disease. Hypothesis/Objectives The primary objectives were to describe the clinical features and MRI findings in dogs with CNS aspergillosis. The secondary objectives were to describe clinicopathologic findings and case outcome. Animals Seven dogs with CNS aspergillosis. Methods Archived records from 6 institutions were reviewed to identify cases with MRI of CNS aspergillosis confirmed with serum galactomannan enzyme immunoassay (EIA) testing, culture, or supported by histopathology. Signalment, clinical, MRI, clinicopathologic, histopathologic, and microbiologic findings were recorded and evaluated. Results Aspergillosis of the CNS was identified in 7 dogs from 3 institutions. The median age was 3 years and six were German Shepherd dogs. Five dogs had signs of vestibular dysfunction as a component of multifocal neurological abnormalities. The MRI findings ranged from normal to abnormal, including hemorrhagic infarction and mass lesions. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Until now, all reported MRI findings in dogs with CNS aspergillosis have been abnormal. We document that CNS aspergillosis in dogs, particularly German Shepherd dogs, can be suspected based on neurologic signs, whether MRI findings are normal or abnormal. Confirmatory testing with galactomannan EIA, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or tissue culture should be performed in cases where aspergillosis is a differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Taylor
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - B D Young
- Diagnostic Imaging, VCA Alameda East Veterinary Hospital, Denver, CO
| | - G J Levine
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - K Eden
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA
| | - W Corapi
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - J H Rossmeisl
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA
| | - J M Levine
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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Cabana ÂL, Xavier MO, Poester V, Klafke GB, B.Filho PL, Martins A, S.Filho RP, Meireles MC. Serological monitoring of antibodies for an early diagnosis ofaspergillosis in captive penguins. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2015000600015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of detection of anti-Aspergillus fumigatus antibodies in captive penguins by double radial agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) for the aspergillosis diagnosis. We included 134 Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) in rehabilitation at the Center for Recovery of Marine Animals (CRAM / FURG). All of them were monitored by AGID weekly until its final destination (death or release), totalizing 660 serum samples studied. All animals were clinically accompanied and post-mortem examinations was performed in penguins that died during the studied period. A total of 28% (37/134) of the penguins died, 89.2% (33/37) due to aspergillosis, 11% (4/37) by other causes and 97 were released. From the 33 animals with proven aspergillosis, 21 presented anti- A. fumigatus antibodies by AGID, being the average interval between death and positive AGID 16.4 days. Twelve animals with negative serology died of aspergillosis. The sensitivity and specificity rates were 63.6% and 95% respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values were 80.7% and 88.9% respectively. These data demonstrate that the serological monitoring for detection of antibodies by AGID can be an important tool for the diagnosis of aspergillosis in penguins.
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Livingston M, Fidler A, Mellor D, de Kloet S, Eason D, Elliott G, Moorhouse R. Prevalence of IgY antibodies against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in a critically endangered parrot (kakapo, Strigops habroptilus) and associated responses to vaccination. Avian Pathol 2015; 42:502-7. [PMID: 24066897 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2013.832146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to estimate levels of IgY antibody against the bacterium Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in serum samples collected from the critically endangered kakapo (Strigops habroptilus, Psittaciformes, Aves) before and after vaccination against this bacterium. Relative IgY antibody titres in pre-vaccination serum samples (n = 71 individual kakapo) were normally distributed with the exception of four outliers which displayed low IgY levels. Notably all four low IgY samples were collected from fledglings 3 - 6 months old. Pre-vaccination serum samples from nine nestlings <3 months old, seven of which were hatched in incubators and had no contact with either adult kakapo or their natural environment (e.g. soil), were found to have relatively high IgY levels, suggesting transfer of maternal IgY molecules to fledglings via the yolk. IgY levels in pre-vaccination serum samples from seven kakapo aged 25 - 30 months were also relatively high, suggesting that most kakapo naturally acquire anti- E.rhusiopathiae IgYs within their first 2 years. There was no evidence that vaccination increased the kakapo population's mean anti-E.rhusiopathiae IgY levels. However, there was a significant negative relationship between an individual bird's pre-vaccination IgY level and any subsequent increase following vaccination, suggesting that vaccination may only raise the IgY levels of birds with relatively low pre-vaccination IgY levels. A statistical model of the relationship between 'death from erysipelas' and sex, age and transfer from one to island sanctuary to another found that only transfer was significantly associated with death from erysipelas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Livingston
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin , New Zealand
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Cong W, Meng QF, Song HQ, Zhou DH, Huang SY, Qian AD, Su C, Zhu XQ. Seroprevalence and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in three species of pet birds in China. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:152. [PMID: 24690251 PMCID: PMC3974739 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, is one of the most common zoonosis worldwide, affecting a wide range of warm-blooded mammals and birds worldwide. However, no information on T. gondii infection in pet birds in China is available. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the prevalence of T. gondii infection in pet birds in Gansu province, China. Methods A total of 687 blood samples were collected from pet birds (Carduelis spinus, Alauda gulgula, Cocothraustes migratorlus) in three representative administrative regions in Gansu province, northwest China between August 2011 and September 2012 T. gondii antibodies were determined using the modified agglutination test (MAT). Genomic DNA was extracted from the brain tissues of seropositive pet birds and T. gondii B1 gene was amplified using a semi-nested PCR.DNA samples giving positive B1 amplification were then genetically characterized using multi-locus PCR-RFLP. Results The overall T. gondii seroprevalence was 11.21% (77/687). C. spinus had the highest T. gondii seroprevalence (11.65%), followed by A. arvensis (11.39%) and C. migratorlus (5.26%), these differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Of 77 DNA samples, 8 were positive for the T. gondii B1 gene, four showed complete genotyping results. Only one genotype (the Type II variant: ToxoDB genotype #3) was identified. Conclusions The results of the present survey indicated the presence of T. gondii infection in pet birds in Gansu province, China. These data provide base-line information for the execution of control strategies against T. gondii infection in pet birds. To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the occurrence of T. gondii prevalence and genotype in pet birds in China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China.
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Boseret G, Losson B, Mainil JG, Thiry E, Saegerman C. Zoonoses in pet birds: review and perspectives. Vet Res 2013; 44:36. [PMID: 23687940 PMCID: PMC3668993 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pet birds are a not-so-well known veterinarian’s clientship fraction. Bought individually or in couples, as families often do (which is a lucrative business for pet shops or local breeders) or traded (sometimes illegally) for their very high genetic or exotic value, these birds, commonly canaries, parakeets or parrots, are regularly sold at high prices. These animals, however, are potential carriers and/or transmitters of zoonotic diseases. Some of them could have an important impact on human health, like chlamydophilosis, salmonellosis or even highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1. This review paper, although non exhaustive, aims at enlightening, by the description of several cases of bird-human transmission, the risks encountered by bird owners, including children. Public health consequences will be discussed and emphasis will be made on some vector-borne diseases, known to be emergent or which are underestimated, like those transmitted by the red mite Dermanyssus gallinae. Finally, biosecurity and hygiene, as well as prevention guidelines will be developed and perspectives proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Boseret
- Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULg), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, 4000, Belgium.
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