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Hassani KM. Investigation of the Effect of Atorvastatin on Skeletal Muscles in Male Rats and the Involved Mechanisms. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2022; 77:285-291. [PMID: 35891762 PMCID: PMC9288636 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356683.1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It has been approved that atrovastatin is a preferred treatment for hyperlipidemia. One of the atrovastatin drawbacks would be the detrimental effects on skeletal muscles. Therefore, the current study was designed to evaluate all the skeletal muscles alteration in rats' after administration of atrovastatin and identification the mechanisms involved in these structural alterations in the skeletal muscles. A total of 12 healthy adult male rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into two groups (n=6). The control group (G1) included rats that received distilled water as the placebo, and the treatment group (G2) included animals that were treated with atorvastatin (80 mg/kg/day) dissolved in distilled water and administrated by a gastric tube for eight weeks. At the end of the experiment, trapezius and vastus medialis muscle tissues were sampled and fixed with 10% formalin for histopathological studies. Atorvastatin administration gave rise to morphological changes in the skeletal muscle fibers and the nerve fibers, including atrophied myofibers, infarction, irregular arrangement of myonuclei, disappearance of nuclei from their normal peripheral position with acute skeletal muscular infarction, and infiltration of accumulated inflammatory cells. Atorvastatin has been revealed to have several adverse effects on the skeletal muscle and the nerve supply. Based on the data in the current study, it is evident that atorvastatin administration for less than two months resulted in some sorts of myotoxic structural changes and apoptosis as evident by deformity and lack of striation degeneration of nuclei, as well as splitting of the muscle fibers in the adult male rats' skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Hassani
- College of Science, University of Misan, Maysan, Iraq
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Pulipati VP, Davidson MH. How I treat statin-associated side effects in an outpatient setting. Future Cardiol 2021; 17:1249-1260. [PMID: 33464124 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2020-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia promotes atherosclerosis and causes cardiovascular diseases. Statins are potent lipid-lowering medications with a cardiovascular mortality benefit. They are generally safe and well tolerated but sometimes can be associated with side effects of variable severity. The most common side effect is statin-associated muscle symptoms. Uncommon side effects include new-onset diabetes mellitus and elevation in liver enzymes. These effects can lead to noncompliance and premature discontinuation of the medication. Hence, it is crucial to identify patients with true statin-associated side effects (SASE) to ensure optimal statin use. The appropriate evaluation of the patient before starting statins and proactive utilization of available diagnostic tests to rule out alternate etiologies mimicking adverse effects are essential for accurate diagnosis of SASE. In patients with true SASE, timely intervention with modified statin or non-statins is beneficial. Herein, we discuss key clinical trial data on statins and non-statins, and describe our center's approach toward patients with SASE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Priya Pulipati
- Preventive Cardiology, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, MC 6080 B-608A, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael H Davidson
- Preventive Cardiology, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, MC 6080 B-608A, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Hirata RDC, Cerda A, Genvigir FDV, Hirata MH. Pharmacogenetic implications in the management of metabolic diseases in Brazilian populations. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000001005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Peng Y, He G, Tang D, Xiong L, Wen Y, Miao X, Hong Z, Yao H, Chen C, Yan S, Lu L, Yang Y, Li Q, Deng X. Lovastatin Inhibits Cancer Stem Cells and Sensitizes to Chemo- and Photodynamic Therapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. J Cancer 2017; 8:1655-1664. [PMID: 28775785 PMCID: PMC5535721 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Epstein-Barr virus-associated malignancy occurring at high incidence in Southeast Asia and southern China. In spite of the good response to radio- and chemo-therapy at the early stage, resistance and recurrence develop in NPC patients in the advanced setting. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in drug resistance and cancer recurrence. Here we report that lovastatin, a natural compound and a lipophilic statin that has already been used in the clinic to treat hypercholesterolemia, inhibited the CSC properties and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in sphere-forming cells derived from the 5-8F and 6-10B NPC cell lines. Furthermore, lovastatin conferred enhanced sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic and photodynamic agents in NPC CSCs. Together our findings suggest that targeting CSCs by lovastatin in combination with routine chemotherapeutic drugs or photodynamic therapy might be a promising approach to the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Peng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Guangchun He
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Da Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiongying Miao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhangyong Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shichao Yan
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingke Yang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Qinglong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiyun Deng
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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