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Wang R, Xiong K, Wang Z, Wu D, Hu B, Ruan J, Sun C, Ma D, Li L, Liao S. Immunodiagnosis - the promise of personalized immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1216901. [PMID: 37520576 PMCID: PMC10372420 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1216901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy showed remarkable efficacy in several cancer types. However, the majority of patients do not benefit from immunotherapy. Evaluating tumor heterogeneity and immune status before treatment is key to identifying patients that are more likely to respond to immunotherapy. Demographic characteristics (such as sex, age, and race), immune status, and specific biomarkers all contribute to response to immunotherapy. A comprehensive immunodiagnostic model integrating all these three dimensions by artificial intelligence would provide valuable information for predicting treatment response. Here, we coined the term "immunodiagnosis" to describe the blueprint of the immunodiagnostic model. We illustrated the features that should be included in immunodiagnostic model and the strategy of constructing the immunodiagnostic model. Lastly, we discussed the incorporation of this immunodiagnosis model in clinical practice in hopes of improving the prognosis of tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kairong Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bai Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinghan Ruan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shujie Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Emerging Immune-Monitoring System for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081229. [PMID: 36013407 PMCID: PMC9410458 DOI: 10.3390/life12081229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have a major impact on cancer treatment. However, the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs is only effective in some patients. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), tumor mutation burden (TMB), and high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-high) are markers that predict the efficacy of ICIs but are not universally used in many carcinomas. The gut microbiota has received much attention recently because of its potential to have a significant impact on immune cells in the cancer microenvironment. Metabolites of the gut microbiota modulate immunity and have a strong influence on the therapeutic efficacy of ICI. It has been suggested that the gut microbiota may serve as a novel marker to predict the therapeutic efficacy of ICI. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop biomarkers that can predict anti-tumor effects and adverse events, and the study of the gut microbiota is essential in this regard.
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