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Bao Q, Kumar A, Wu D, Zhou J. Targeting EED as a key PRC2 complex mediator toward novel epigenetic therapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103986. [PMID: 38642703 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
EED within the PRC2 complex is crucial for chromatin regulation particularly in tumor development, making its inhibition a promising epigenetic therapeutic strategy. Significant advancement in PRC2 inhibitor development has been achieved with an approved EZH2 inhibitor in the market and with others in the clinical trials. However, current EZH2 inhibitors are limited to specific blood cancers and encounter therapeutic resistance. EED stabilizes PRC2 complex and enhances its activity through unique allosteric mechanisms, thereby acting as both a scaffold protein and a recognizer of H3K27me3 making it an attractive drug target. This review provides an overview of epigenetic therapeutic strategies targeting EED, including allosteric inhibitors, PPI inhibitors, and PROTACs, together with brief discussions on the relevant challenges, opportunities, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Bao
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Anil Kumar
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Daqing Wu
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development and Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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2
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Shan X, Long Q, Garfall AL, Susanibar-Adaniya SP. High SOX2 expression is associated with poor survival in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 2023; 13:86. [PMID: 37217520 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00855-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhe Shan
- Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qi Long
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alfred L Garfall
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sandra P Susanibar-Adaniya
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Liu Z, Jia Y, Yang C, Liu H, Shen H, Wang H, Fu R. Study on the Effect of EZH2 Inhibitor Combined with TIGIT Monoclonal Antibody against Multiple Myeloma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108603. [PMID: 37239949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
EZH2, a member of the polycomb repressive complex 2, induces trimethylation of the downstream gene at the histone three lysine 27 (H3K27me3) position to inhibit tumor cell proliferation. Here, we showed that the apoptosis rate and apoptotic protein expression increased after EZH2 inhibition, whereas key molecules of the NF-κB signaling pathway and the downstream target genes were inhibited. Additionally, the expression of CD155, a TIGIT high-affinity ligand in multiple myeloma (MM) cells, was decreased by the mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, the combination of EZH2 inhibitor and TIGIT monoclonal antibody blockade enhanced the anti-tumor effect of natural killer cells. In summary, the EZH2 inhibitor not only plays an anti-tumor role as an epigenetic drug, but also enhances the anti-tumor effect of the TIGIT monoclonal antibody by affecting the TIGIT-CD155 axis between NK cells and MM cells, thus providing new ideas and theoretical basis for the treatment of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Street, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yue Jia
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Street, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Street, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Street, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hongli Shen
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Street, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Street, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Street, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
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Qin J, Sharma A, Wang Y, Tobar-Tosse F, Dakal TC, Liu H, Liu H, Ke B, Kong C, Liu T, Zhao C, Schmidt-Wolf IGH, Jin C. Systematic discrimination of the repetitive genome in proximity of ferroptosis genes and a novel prognostic signature correlating with the oncogenic lncRNA CRNDE in multiple myeloma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1026153. [PMID: 36605450 PMCID: PMC9808058 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1026153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging insights into iron-dependent form of regulated cell death ferroptosis in cancer have opened a perspective for its use in cancer therapy. Of interest, a systematic profiling of ferroptosis gene signatures as prognostic factors has gained special attention in several cancers. Herein, we sought to investigate the presence of repetitive genomes in the vicinity of ferroptosis genes that may influence their expression and to establish a prognostic gene signature associated with multiple myeloma (MM). Our analysis showed that genes associated with ferroptosis were enriched with the repetitive genome in their vicinity, with a strong predominance of the SINE family, followed by LINE, of which the most significant discriminant values were SINE/Alu and LINE/L1, respectively. In addition, we examined in detail the performance of these genes as a cancer risk prediction model and specified fourteen ferroptosis-related gene signatures, which identified MM high-risk patients with lower immune/stromal scores with higher tumor purity in their immune microenvironment. Of interest, we also found that lncRNA CRNDE correlated with a risk score and was highly associated with the majority of genes comprising the signature. Taken together, we propose to investigate the molecular impact of the repetitive genome we have highlighted on the local transcriptome of ferroptosis genes in cancer. Furthermore, we revealed a genomic signature/biomarker related to ferroptosis that can be used to predict the risk of survival in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiading Qin
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Department of Hematology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, China,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yulu Wang
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fabian Tobar-Tosse
- Department of Basic Sciences for Health, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, Cali, Colombia
| | - Tikam Chand Dakal
- Genome and Computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Hongde Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Ke
- Department of Hematology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunfang Kong
- Department of Hematology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- School of Nursing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ingo G. H. Schmidt-Wolf
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Chenghao Jin
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Department of Hematology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, China,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China,*Correspondence: Chenghao Jin,
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Chuang HH, Huang MS, Zhen YY, Chuang CH, Lee YR, Hsiao M, Yang CJ. FAK Executes Anti-Senescence via Regulating EZH2 Signaling in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081937. [PMID: 36009484 PMCID: PMC9406208 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed in various cancer types that plays a critical role in tumor progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that targeting FAK, either alone or in combination with other agents, may serve as an effective therapeutic strategy for numerous cancers. In addition to retarding proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis, FAK inhibition triggers cellular senescence in lung cancer cells. However, the detailed mechanism remains enigmatic. In the present study, we found that FAK inhibition not only elicits DNA-damage signaling but also downregulates enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) expression. The manipulation of FAK expression influences EZH2 expression and corresponding signaling in vitro. Immunohistochemistry shows that active FAK signaling corresponds with the activation of the EZH2-mediated signaling cascade in lung-cancer-cells-derived tumor tissues. We also found that ectopic EZH2 expression attenuates FAK-inhibition-induced cellular senescence in lung cancer cells. Our results identify EZH2 as a critical downstream effector of the FAK-mediated anti-senescence pathway. Targeting FAK-EZH2 axis-induced cellular senescence may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for restraining tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Hao Chuang
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yi Zhen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Chuang
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (C.-J.Y.); Tel.: +886-2-27871243 (M.H.); +886-7-3121101 (ext. 5651) (C.-J.Y.)
| | - Chih-Jen Yang
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Faculty of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (C.-J.Y.); Tel.: +886-2-27871243 (M.H.); +886-7-3121101 (ext. 5651) (C.-J.Y.)
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Ji Y, Xu X, Long C, Wang J, Ding L, Zheng Z, Wu H, Yang L, Tao L, Gao F. SMYD2 aggravates gastrointestinal stromal tumor via upregulation of EZH2 and downregulation of TET1. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:274. [PMID: 35668081 PMCID: PMC9170715 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01038-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
SMYD2, as an oncogene, has been involved in multiple types of cancer, but the potential role of SMYD2 in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) remains enigmatic and requires further investigation. Hence, this study was conducted with the main objective of analyzing the effect of SMYD2 on GIST. GIST and adjacent normal tissues were collected from 46 patients with GIST where the expression of EZH2, SMYD2, and TET1 was determined, followed by the analysis of their interactions. The functional role of SMYD2 in cell biological functions was determined using a loss-of-function assay in GIST-T1 cells. Nude mouse xenograft experiments were performed to verify the role of the SMYD2/EZH2/TET1 axis in GIST in vivo. EZH2 was upregulated in GIST tissues and cell lines, which was positively correlated with SMYD2 expression and inversely correlated with TET1 expression in GIST tissues. EZH2 silencing due to SMYD2 inhibition reduced GIST-T1 cell proliferation and accelerated cell senescence. EZH2 repressed TET1 expression by promoting H3K27me3 methylation in the TET1 promoter region. TET1 inhibition reversed the effect of EZH2 silencing on the biological functions of GIST-T1 cells. In vivo data further revealed the promoting effect of SMYD2 on the progression of GIST by regulating the EZH2/TET1 axis. Overall, this study demonstrates that SMYD2 can increase EZH2 expression while suppressing TET1 expression, thus accelerating GIST, and creating new treatment opportunities for GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ji
- Department of General Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jingjiang People's Hospital, 214500, Jingjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jingjiang People's Hospital, 214500, Jingjiang, P.R. China
| | - Cong Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jingjiang People's Hospital, 214500, Jingjiang, P.R. China
| | - Jianjiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jingjiang People's Hospital, 214500, Jingjiang, P.R. China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jingjiang People's Hospital, 214500, Jingjiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhizhong Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jingjiang People's Hospital, 214500, Jingjiang, P.R. China
| | - Huiping Wu
- Department of Science and Education, Jingjiang People's Hospital, 214500, Jingjiang, P.R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jingjiang People's Hospital, 214500, Jingjiang, P.R. China
| | - Lan Tao
- Central Laboratory, Jingjiang People's Hospital, 214500, Jingjiang, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Jingjiang People's Hospital, 214500, Jingjiang, P.R. China.
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The Multiple Myeloma Landscape: Epigenetics and Non-Coding RNAs. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102348. [PMID: 35625953 PMCID: PMC9139326 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recent findings in multiple myeloma have led to therapies which have improved patient life quality and expectancy. However, frequent relapse and drug resistance emphasize the need for more efficient therapeutic approaches. The discovery of non-coding RNAs as key actors in multiple myeloma has broadened the molecular landscape of this disease, together with classical epigenetic factors such as methylation and acetylation. microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs comprise the majority of the described non-coding RNAs dysregulated in multiple myeloma, while circular RNAs are recently emerging as promising molecular targets. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent knowledge on this topic and suggests new therapeutic strategies. Abstract Despite advances in available treatments, multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease and represents a challenge in oncohematology. New insights into epigenetic factors contributing to MM development and progression have improved the knowledge surrounding its molecular basis. Beyond classical epigenetic factors, including methylation and acetylation, recent genome analyses have unveiled the importance of non-coding RNAs in MM pathogenesis. Non-coding RNAs have become of interest, as their dysregulation opens the door to new therapeutic approaches. The discovery, in the past years, of molecular techniques, such as CRISPR-Cas, has led to innovative therapies with potential benefits to achieve a better outcome for MM patients. This review summarizes the current knowledge on epigenetics and non-coding RNAs in MM pathogenesis.
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Yang T, Liu X, Kumar SK, Jin F, Dai Y. Decoding DNA methylation in epigenetics of multiple myeloma. Blood Rev 2021; 51:100872. [PMID: 34384602 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2021.100872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of DNA methylation in B cells has been observed during their neoplastic transformation and therefore closely associated with various B-cell malignancies including multiple myeloma (MM), a malignancy of terminally differentiated plasma cells. Emerging evidence has unveiled pronounced alterations in DNA methylation in MM, including both global and gene-specific changes that can affect genome stability and gene transcription. Moreover, dysregulated expression of DNA methylation-modifying enzymes has been related with myelomagenesis, disease progression, and poor prognosis. However, the functional roles of the epigenetic abnormalities involving DNA methylation in MM remain elusive. In this article, we review current understanding of the alterations in DNA methylome and DNA methylation modifiers in MM, particularly focusing on DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and tet methylcytosine dioxygenases (TETs). We also discuss how these DNA methylation modifiers may be regulated and function in MM cells, therefore providing a rationale for developing novel epigenetic therapies targeting DNA methylation in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 519 Dongminzhu Street, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China.
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 519 Dongminzhu Street, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China.
| | - Shaji K Kumar
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Fengyan Jin
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China.
| | - Yun Dai
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 519 Dongminzhu Street, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China.
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