Successful Immunochemotherapy for Burkitt Lymphoma During Pregnancy as a Bridge to Postpartum High-Dose Methotrexate Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Immunodiagnosis - the promise of personalized immunotherapy

Immunotherapy showed remarkable efficacy in several cancer types. However, the majority of patients do not benefit from immunotherapy. Evaluating tumor heterogeneity and immune status before treatment is key to identifying patients that are more likely to respond to immunotherapy. Demographic characteristics (such as sex, age, and race), immune status, and specific biomarkers all contribute to response to immunotherapy. A comprehensive immunodiagnostic model integrating all these three dimensions by artificial intelligence would provide valuable information for predicting treatment response. Here, we coined the term "immunodiagnosis" to describe the blueprint of the immunodiagnostic model. We illustrated the features that should be included in immunodiagnostic model and the strategy of constructing the immunodiagnostic model. Lastly, we discussed the incorporation of this immunodiagnosis model in clinical practice in hopes of improving the prognosis of tumor immunotherapy.

Construction of an immune-related lncRNA signature pair for predicting oncologic outcomes and the sensitivity of immunosuppressor in treatment of lung adenocarcinoma

Background

Although immunotherapy has shown clinical activity in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), LUAD prognosis has been a perplexing problem. We aimed to construct an immune-related lncRNA pairs (IRLPs) score for LUAD and identify what immunosuppressor are appropriate for which group of people with LUAD.

Methods

Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-LUAD cohort, IRLPs were identified to construct an IRLPs scoring system by Cox regression and validated in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset using log-rank test and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Next, we used spearman’s correlation analysis, t-test, signaling pathways analysis and gene mutation analysis to explore immune and molecular characteristics in different IRLP subgroups. The “pRRophetic” package was used to predict the sensitivity of immunosuppressant.

Results

The IRLPs score was constructed based on eight IRLPs calculated as 2.12 × (MIR31HG|RRN3P2) + 0.43 × (NKX2-1-AS1|AC083949.1) + 1.79 × (TMPO-AS1|LPP-AS2) + 1.60 × (TMPO-AS1|MGC32805) + 1.79 × (TMPO-AS1|PINK1-AS) + 0.65 × (SH3BP5-AS1|LINC01137) + 0.51 × (LINC01004|SH3PXD2A-AS1) + 0.62 × (LINC00339|AGAP2-AS1). Patients with a lower IRLPs risk score had a better overall survival (OS) (Log-rank test P_{TCGA train dataset} < 0.001, P_{TCGA test dataset} = 0.017, P_{GEO dataset} = 0.027) and similar results were observed in the AUCs of TCGA dataset and GEO dataset (AUC _{TCGA train dataset} = 0.777, AUC _{TCGA test dataset} = 0.685, AUC _{TCGA total dataset} = 0.733, AUC _{GEO dataset} = 0.680). Immune score (Cor = -0.18893, P < 0.001), stoma score (Cor = -0.24804, P < 0.001), and microenvironment score (Cor = -0.22338, P < 0.001) were significantly decreased in the patients with the higher IRLP risk score. The gene set enrichment analysis found that high-risk group enriched in molecular changes in DNA and chromosomes signaling pathways, and in this group the tumor mutation burden (TMB) was higher than in the low-risk group (P = 0.0015). Immunosuppressor methotrexate sensitivity was higher in the high-risk group (P = 0.0052), whereas parthenolide (P < 0.001) and rapamycin (P = 0.013) sensitivity were lower in the high-risk group.

Conclusions

Our study established an IRLPs scoring system as a biomarker to help in the prognosis, the identification of molecular and immune characteristics, and the patient-tailored selection of the most suitable immunosuppressor for LUAD therapy.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02043-4.

Improvement of pharmacologically relevant properties of methotrexate by solid dispersion with Pluronic F127

Solid dispersion with Pluronic F127 was proposed as alternative approach to modify the pharmacologically relevant properties of methotrexate (MTX). Solid dispersion of MTX with Pluronic F127 was prepared by fusion method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy with the aim to elucidate the physical state of the dispersed MTX and the nature of the interactions occurring between MTX and the carrier. Effect of Pluronic F127 on solubility, dissolution rate, membrane permeability, and pharmacokinetic parameters was revealed in vitro and in vivo. It was found that physical interactions of MTX with Pluronic F127 are predominant in the solid dispersion. The effect of Pluronic F127 on the MTX solubility and release rate of MTX from the solid dispersion is pH dependent. Apparent solubility of MTX released from the solid dispersion is increased in the acidic medium and remains unchanged in the alkaline medium. In comparison with the pristine MTX, the release of MTX from the solid dispersion is faster in the acidic medium and slower in the alkaline medium. Influence of Pluronic F127 on the membrane permeability of MTX is insignificant. Bioavailability of orally administrated solid dispersion in increased. Results from in vitro and in vivo studies suggested that the pharmacokinetic properties of MTX can be improved by solid dispersion with Pluronic F127.