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Brown A, Batra S. Rare Hematologic Malignancies and Pre-Leukemic Entities in Children and Adolescents Young Adults. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:997. [PMID: 38473358 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
There are a variety of rare hematologic malignancies and germline predispositions syndromes that occur in children and adolescent young adults (AYAs). These entities are important to recognize, as an accurate diagnosis is essential for risk assessment, prognostication, and treatment. This descriptive review summarizes rare hematologic malignancies, myelodysplastic neoplasms, and germline predispositions syndromes that occur in children and AYAs. We discuss the unique biology, characteristic genomic aberrations, rare presentations, diagnostic challenges, novel treatments, and outcomes associated with these rare entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Brown
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sandeep Batra
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Fleti F, Chan O, Singh A, Abdelmagid MG, Al-Kali A, Elliott MA, Begna KH, Foran JM, Badar T, Khera N, Al Ali NH, Padron E, Sallman DA, Shah M, Hiwase D, Pardanani A, Arber DA, Orazi A, Reichard KK, He R, Ketterling RP, Gangat N, Komrokji R, Tefferi A. TP53 mutations and variant allele frequency in myelodysplastic syndromes with del(5q): A Mayo-Moffitt study of 156 informative cases. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:E76-E79. [PMID: 36655582 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farah Fleti
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Onyee Chan
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Amritpal Singh
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Maymona G Abdelmagid
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Aref Al-Kali
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Michelle A Elliott
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Kebede H Begna
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - James M Foran
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Talha Badar
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Nandita Khera
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Najla H Al Ali
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Eric Padron
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - David A Sallman
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Mithun Shah
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Devendra Hiwase
- Division of Blood Cells and Blood Cancer, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Animesh Pardanani
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Daniel A Arber
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Attilio Orazi
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Kaaren K Reichard
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Rong He
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Rhett P Ketterling
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Naseema Gangat
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Rami Komrokji
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Falini B, Martelli MP. Comparison of the International Consensus and 5th WHO edition classifications of adult myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:481-492. [PMID: 36606297 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Several editions of the World Health Organization (WHO) classifications of lympho-hemopoietic neoplasms in 2001, 2008, and 2016 served as the international standard for diagnosis. Since the 4th WHO edition, here referred as WHO-HAEM4, significant clinico-pathological, immunophenotypic, and molecular advances have been made in the field of myeloid neoplasms, which have contributed to refine diagnostic criteria, to upgrade entities previously defined as provisional and to identify new entities. This process has resulted in two recent classification proposals of myeloid neoplasms: the International Consensus Classification (ICC) and the 5th edition of the WHO classification (WHO-HAEM5). In this paper, we review and compare the two classifications in terms of diagnostic criteria and entity definition, with a focus on adult myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The goal is to provide a tool to facilitate the work of pathologists, hematologists and researchers involved in the diagnosis and treatment of these hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunangelo Falini
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncological research (CREO), University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Martelli
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncological research (CREO), University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
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Huber S, Haferlach T, Meggendorfer M, Hutter S, Hoermann G, Baer C, Kern W, Haferlach C. SF3B1 mutated MDS: Blast count, genetic co-abnormalities and their impact on classification and prognosis. Leukemia 2022; 36:2894-2902. [PMID: 36261576 PMCID: PMC9712089 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recently, MDS with mutated SF3B1 and blast count <5% was proposed as distinct entity with favorable prognosis by the international working group for the prognosis of MDS (IWG-PM), the 5th edition of the WHO classification and the International Consensus Classification. To further characterize this entity with respect to the genomic landscape, AML transformation rate and clinical outcome, we analyzed 734 MDS patients by whole genome sequencing. SF3B1 mutations were identified in 31% (n = 231), most frequently accompanied by TET2 mutations (29%). 144/231 (62%) SF3B1mut samples fulfilled entity criteria proposed by IWG-PM (SF3B1ent). These cases were associated with longer survival, lower AML transformation rate, normal karyotypes and harbored less accompanying mutations compared to SF3B1mut samples not falling into the proposed SF3B1 entity (SF3B1nent). Of SF3B1mut cases 7% (15/231; SF3B1ent: 3/144 [2%]; SF3B1nent: 12/87 [14%]) progressed to AML compared to 15% SF3B1 wild-type patients (75/503). Of these 15 SF3B1mut cases, 10 (67%) showed RUNX1 mutations at MDS or AML stage. Multivariate analysis revealed that del(5q) and RUNX1 mutations were independent negative prognostic factors for overall survival, while blast count >5% was not. In conclusion, SF3B1mut MDS has a favorable prognosis independent of blast count if karyotype and RUNX1 mutations are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Huber
- MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Torsten Haferlach
- MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Manja Meggendorfer
- MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Hutter
- MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Constance Baer
- MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kern
- MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Haferlach
- MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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