Development and validation of two anthropometric models estimating abdominal fat percentage in Greek adult women and men

Criterion-Related Validity of Field-Based Methods and Equations for Body Composition Estimation in Adults: A Systematic Review

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Overweight and obesity are associated to health prognosis. Therefore, body composition assessment is an important health outcome, especially in adult population. We analyzed the criterion-related validity of existing field-based methods and equations for body composition estimation in adults aged 19-64 years.

RECENT FINDINGS

One hundred studies met inclusion criteria. The field-based methods, waist circumference (WC), body adiposity index (BAI), and body mass index (BMI) are valid to indicate body adiposity. Likewise, several equations, including the classical Durnin/Womersley equation, Jackson/Pollock equation (males), and Jackson, Pollock, and Ward equation (females), are valid to estimate total body fat mass or body fat percentage. Anthropometric field methods can provide a simple, quick, and easy informative indicators of adiposity in adults. Classical equations, such as Durnin/Womersley equation, Jackson/Pollock equation, and Jackson, Pollock, and Ward equation, are still valid to estimate total body fat mass or body fat percentage in adult population. When choosing estimation equations, specific population characteristics, such as age, weight status, or race ethnicity, should be taken into account. (Trial Registration: Registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020194272)).

Waist Circumference-Years Construct Analysis and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: China Health and Nutrition Survey, 1997-2015

Background: Few studies have combined the degree and duration of abdominal obesity into a waist circumference-years construct for analysis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of waist circumference-years on the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Methods: A total of 6616 adults from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were enrolled in this study from 1997. The waist circumference-years construct was represented as the sum of the upper and lower area between the waist circumference baseline (men: ≥90 cm, women: ≥85 cm) and the waist circumference line. The correlations in the study were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: The incidence of type 2 diabetes increased with increasing waist circumference-years, with an adjusted risk increase of 38% (95% CI: 31−47%) for each additional 50 waist circumference-years, and this rate was similar across gender and age groups. The area under the curve of waist circumference-years (0.743) was greatest in the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis compared to baseline waist circumference (0.731) and the waist-height ratio (0.728) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The waist circumference-years construct is closely associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and may be a stronger predictor of type 2 diabetes risk than baseline waist circumference or the waist-height ratio.

The applicability of the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) for predicting visceral fat

Abstract As obesity has reached epidemic proportions and given the current recognition of central adiposity as an important cardiometabolic risk factor, several researchers have focused on developing and validating predictive indexes and equations to evaluate Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT). This study evaluates the applicability of the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) for predicting cardiometabolic risk in individuals treated in a hospital In the northeast region of Brazil. The VAT was evaluated by computed tomography (CT) and the VAI was calculated through specific equations for each gender. The sample involved adult and elderly patients of both genders followed up in a cardiology outpatient clinic. The following cardiometabolic parameters were collected: fasting glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP) and uric acid. The simple linear regression was used to evaluate the explanatory power of the VAI in relation to the volume of VAT determined by CT. The predictive capacity of VAI in relation to the volume of VAT determined by CT was 25.8% (p=0.004) for males and 19.9% (p<0.001) for females. VAI correlated strongly with the triglyceride (TG) (p<0.001) and TG/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (p<0.001) and inversely correlated with HDL (p<0.001). Moreover, VAI showed low correlation with the following variables: abdominal circumference, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, fasting glycemia, and glycated hemoglobin (p<0.05). VAI was associated with variables considered as cardiometabolic risk factors, but exhibited a low predictive capacity regarding the volume of VAT determined by CT. Thus, caution is recommended in its use in Brazilian individuals.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF EQUATIONS TO ESTIMATE VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE IN MILITARY MEN

ABSTRACT Introduction It has been suggested that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with several non-communicable chronic diseases, but measuring it is difficult. Thus, anthropometry could be used because is easily applied in clinical practice. Objectives The present study aimed to develop and validate VAT estimation equations (Eq) in military men. Methods The sample consisted of 409 (mean age, 36.5 ± 6.7 years) military men in the Brazilian Army (BA) divided into an equation group (EG) ( n = 270; mean age, 37.0 ± 6.3 years) and a validation group (VG) ( n =139; mean age, 36.0 ± 7.2 years). Anthropometric, hemodynamic and DXA body composition evaluations ( GE iLunar ) were performed. The Student’s t test, Pearson’s correlation, and stepwise general linear regression were applied. Bland-Altman graphics were used to assess the concordance between VAT by Eq and by DXA. The level of significance was 95% ( p < 0.05). Results Age, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference and body mass index presented the main significant positive correlations with the VAT-DXA. Four Eq were created Eq1 ( r 2 = 0.793), Eq2 ( r 2 = 0.810), Eq3 ( r 2 = 0.817), and Eq 4 ( r 2 = 0.823) ( p < 0.05). No differences were observed between VAT by DXA and VAT by Eq ( p = 0.982, p = 0.970, p = 0.495 and p = 0.698). Bland-Altman analysis also presented good concordance as the bias was close to zero and was not statistically significant. Conclusion Eq2 (age*13.0 + WC*60.0 - 4975,.5) was more suitable because it is easier to apply, has a higher predictive power (81.0%), less bias (1.86) and validation yielded average VAT values close to those found in DXA. It may still be considered a valuable tool for other extensive epidemiological studies in military men in the BA and can be used in adult men. Evidence Level I: Development of diagnostic criteria on consecutive patients (with universally applied reference ‘‘gold’’ standard).