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Rathnayake KM, Weech M, Lovegrove JA, Jackson KG. Glu298Asp (rs1799983) Polymorphism Influences Postprandial Vascular Reactivity and the Insulin Response to Meals of Varying Fat Composition in Postmenopausal Women: Findings from the Randomized, Controlled Dietary Intervention and VAScular function (DIVAS)-2 Study. J Nutr 2021; 151:848-856. [PMID: 33693945 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous acute studies suggest the Glu298Asp polymorphism (rs1799983) may influence vascular reactivity in response to long-chain n-3 PUFA intake. However, the effects of this genotype on postprandial vascular function after meals rich in SFAs, n-6 PUFAs, and MUFAs are unclear. OBJECTIVES This study determined the impact of the Glu298Asp polymorphism on changes in vascular function and cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in response to sequential meals of varying fat composition. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, crossover, acute study, 32 postmenopausal women (mean ± SD age: 58 ± 5 y; BMI: 25.9 ± 4.1 kg/m2) consumed mixed meals (breakfast: 0 min, 50 g fat; lunch: 330 min, 30 g fat) containing SFAs, n-6 PUFAs, or MUFAs on 3 occasions. Blood samples for cardiometabolic disease risk markers and real-time measures of vascular reactivity [including flow-mediated dilatation (FMD; primary outcome)] were collected/performed before and regularly for 480 min after breakfast. Participants were retrospectively genotyped for the Glu298Asp (rs1799983) polymorphism. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models. RESULTS For the postprandial %FMD response, a test fat × genotype interaction was observed for the AUC (P = 0.019) but not incremental AUC (IAUC), with the AUC being ∼24% greater after MUFA- than after SFA- and n-6 PUFA-rich meals in the Glu298 homozygotes (P ≤ 0.026). Test fat × genotype interactions were also evident for postprandial insulin (P ≤ 0.005), with the MUFA-rich meals demonstrating significantly higher AUC (12.8%/14.9%), IAUC (14.6%/20.0%), and maximum concentration (20.0%/34.5%) than the SFA- and n-6 PUFA-rich meals, respectively, in Asp298 carriers (P < 0.05). Genotype did not influence other study outcome measures in response to the test fats. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the Glu298Asp polymorphism may represent a potential determinant of the inter-individual variability in postprandial responsiveness of %FMD and insulin to acute meal fat composition in postmenopausal women. Further studies are required to confirm these observations.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02144454.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari M Rathnayake
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom.,Department of Applied Nutrition, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries and Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Sri Lanka
| | - Michelle Weech
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom
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Clark JL, Taylor CG, Zahradka P. Black beans and red kidney beans induce positive postprandial vascular responses in healthy adults: A pilot randomized cross-over study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:216-226. [PMID: 32917495 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Consuming pulses (dry beans, dry peas, chickpeas, lentils) over several weeks can improve vascular function and decrease cardiovascular disease risk; however, it is unknown whether pulses can modulate postprandial vascular responses. The objective of this study was to compare different bean varieties (black, navy, pinto, red kidney) and white rice for their acute postprandial effects on vascular and metabolic responses in healthy individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS The study was designed as a single-blinded, randomized crossover trial with a minimum 6 days between consumption of the food articles. Vascular tone (primary endpoint), haemodynamics and serum biochemistry (secondary endpoints) were measured in 8 healthy adults before and at 1, 2, and 6 h after eating ¾ cup of beans or rice. Blood pressure and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were lower at 2 h following red kidney bean and pinto bean consumption compared to rice and navy bean, respectively (p < 0.05). There was greater vasorelaxation 6 h following consumption of darker-coloured beans, as shown by decreased vascular tone: PWV was lower after consuming black bean compared to pinto bean, augmentation pressure was lower after consuming black bean compared to rice and pinto bean, and wave reflection magnitude was lower after consuming red kidney bean and black bean compared to rice, navy bean, and pinto bean (p < 0.05). LDL-cholesterol concentrations were lower 6 h after black bean consumption compared to rice (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Overall, red kidney and black beans, the darker-coloured beans, elicited a positive effect on the tensile properties of blood vessels, and this acute response may provide insight for how pulses modify vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime L Clark
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada.
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada.
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The Fluid Aspect of the Mediterranean Diet in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: The Role of Polyphenol Content in Moderate Consumption of Wine and Olive Oil. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112833. [PMID: 31752333 PMCID: PMC6893438 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing interest has emerged in the beneficial effects of plant-based diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. The Mediterranean diet, one of the most widely evaluated dietary patterns in scientific literature, includes in its nutrients two fluid foods: olive oil, as the main source of fats, and a low-to-moderate consumption of wine, mainly red, particularly during meals. Current mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet include a reduction in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, improvement in lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and endothelial function, as well as antithrombotic properties. Most of these effects are attributable to bioactive ingredients including polyphenols, mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Polyphenols are a heterogeneous group of phytochemicals containing phenol rings. The principal classes of red wine polyphenols include flavonols (quercetin and myricetin), flavanols (catechin and epicatechin), anthocyanin and stilbenes (resveratrol). Olive oil has at least 30 phenolic compounds. Among them, the main are simple phenols (tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol), secoroids and lignans. The present narrative review focuses on phenols, part of red wine and virgin olive oil, discussing the evidence of their effects on lipids, blood pressure, atheromatous plaque and glucose metabolism.
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Restricting Saturated Fat May Not Be Required to Reduce Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. TOP CLIN NUTR 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The Postprandial Appearance of Features of Cardiometabolic Risk: Acute Induction and Prevention by Nutrients and Other Dietary Substances. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11091963. [PMID: 31438565 PMCID: PMC6770341 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of diets, food, and food components that affect postprandial inflammation, endothelial function, and oxidative stress, which are related to cardiometabolic risk. A high-energy meal, rich in saturated fat and sugars, induces the transient appearance of a series of metabolic, signaling and physiological dysregulations or dysfunctions, including oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, which are directly related to the amplitude of postprandial plasma triglycerides and glucose. Low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are also known to cluster together with insulin resistance, a third risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type-II diabetes, thus making a considerable contribution to cardiometabolic risk. Because of the marked relevance of the postprandial model to nutritional pathophysiology, many studies have investigated whether adding various nutrients and other substances to such a challenge meal might mitigate the onset of these adverse effects. Some foods (e.g., nuts, berries, and citrus), nutrients (e.g., l-arginine), and other substances (various polyphenols) have been widely studied. Reports of favorable effects in the postprandial state have concerned plasma markers for systemic or vascular pro-inflammatory conditions, the activation of inflammatory pathways in plasma monocytes, vascular endothelial function (mostly assessed using physiological criteria), and postprandial oxidative stress. Although the literature is fragmented, this topic warrants further study using multiple endpoints and markers to investigate whether the interesting candidates identified might prevent or limit the postprandial appearance of critical features of cardiometabolic risk.
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Luo Z, Jia A, Lu Z, Muhammad I, Adenrele A, Song Y. Associations of the NOS3 rs1799983 polymorphism with circulating nitric oxide and lipid levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Postgrad Med J 2019; 95:361-371. [PMID: 31138610 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2019-136396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating nitric oxide (NO) and lipid levels are closely associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). It is unclear whether the rs1799983 polymorphism in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) gene is associated with plasma levels of NO and lipids. This systematic review and meta-analysis (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) aimed to clarify the relationships between the rs1799983 polymorphism and plasma levels of NO and lipids. METHODS Sixteen studies (2702 subjects) and 59 studies (14 148 subjects) were identified for the association analyses for NO and lipids, respectively. Mean difference (MD) and 95% CI were used to estimate the effects of the rs1799983 polymorphism on plasma NO and lipid levels. The primary outcome variable was NO, and the secondary outcomes included triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). RESULTS Carriers of the T allele had lower levels of NO (MD -0.27 μmol/L, 95% CI -0.42 to -0.12 μmol/L, p<0.001) and HDL-C (MD -0.07 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.14 to -0.00 mmol/L, p=0.04), and higher levels of TC (MD 0.13 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.20 mmol/L, p<0.001) and LDL-C (MD 0.14 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.22 mmol/L, p=0.002) than the non-carriers. Triglyceride levels were comparable between the genotypes. CONCLUSION The association between the NOS3 rs1799983 polymorphism and CAD may be partly mediated by abnormal NO and lipid levels caused by the T allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong city, Sichuan province, China
| | - Aimei Jia
- School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong city, Sichuan province, China
| | - Zhan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong city, Sichuan province, China
| | - Irfan Muhammad
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong city, Sichuan province, China
| | - Adebayo Adenrele
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Yongyan Song
- School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong city, Sichuan province, China
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Influence of fat intake and BMI on the association of rs1799983 NOS3 polymorphism with blood pressure levels in an Iberian population. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1589-1596. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Delgado-Lista J, Perez-Martinez P, Garcia-Rios A, Perez-Caballero AI, Perez-Jimenez F, Lopez-Miranda J. Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Risk: Beyond Traditional Risk Factors. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 56:788-801. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.726660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Delgado-Lista J, Perez-Martinez P, Solivera J, Garcia-Rios A, Perez-Caballero AI, Lovegrove JA, Drevon CA, Defoort C, Blaak EE, Dembinska-Kieć A, Risérus U, Herruzo-Gomez E, Camargo A, Ordovas JM, Roche H, Lopez-Miranda J. Top single nucleotide polymorphisms affecting carbohydrate metabolism in metabolic syndrome: from the LIPGENE study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E384-9. [PMID: 24203067 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a high-prevalence condition characterized by altered energy metabolism, insulin resistance, and elevated cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVES Although many individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been linked to certain MetS features, there are few studies analyzing the influence of SNPs on carbohydrate metabolism in MetS. METHODS A total of 904 SNPs (tag SNPs and functional SNPs) were tested for influence on 8 fasting and dynamic markers of carbohydrate metabolism, by performance of an intravenous glucose tolerance test in 450 participants in the LIPGENE study. FINDINGS From 382 initial gene-phenotype associations between SNPs and any phenotypic variables, 61 (16% of the preselected variables) remained significant after bootstrapping. Top SNPs affecting glucose metabolism variables were as follows: fasting glucose, rs26125 (PPARGC1B); fasting insulin, rs4759277 (LRP1); C-peptide, rs4759277 (LRP1); homeostasis assessment of insulin resistance, rs4759277 (LRP1); quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, rs184003 (AGER); sensitivity index, rs7301876 (ABCC9), acute insulin response to glucose, rs290481 (TCF7L2); and disposition index, rs12691 (CEBPA). CONCLUSIONS We describe here the top SNPs linked to phenotypic features in carbohydrate metabolism among approximately 1000 candidate gene variations in fasting and postprandial samples of 450 patients with MetS from the LIPGENE study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit (J.D.-L., P.P-M., A.G.-R., A.I.P.-C., A.C., J.L.-M.), Department of Medicine, and Neurosurgery Unit (J.S.), Instituto Maimónedes de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (J.A.L.), University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom; Department of Nutrition (C.A.D.), Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway; Unité Mixte de Recherche, Inserm 1062 (C.D.), Research Unit in Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis, Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille University, F-13385 Marseille, France; Department of Human Biology (E.E.B.), Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute, Maastricht, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.D.-K.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008, Krakow, Poland; Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (U.R.), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, 753 12 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Computer Engineering (E.H.-G.), University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University (J.M.O.), Boston, Massachusetts 20111; and Nutrigenomics Research Group (H.R.), UCD School of Public Health and Population Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin 2010, Ireland
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Perez-Caballero AI, Alcala-Diaz JF, Perez-Martinez P, Garcia-Rios A, Delgado-Casado N, Marin C, Yubero-Serrano E, Camargo A, Caballero J, Malagon MM, Tinahones FJ, Perez-Jimenez F, Lopez-Miranda J, Delgado-Lista J. Lipid metabolism after an oral fat test meal is affected by age-associated features of metabolic syndrome, but not by age. Atherosclerosis 2012; 226:258-62. [PMID: 23141470 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Revised: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postprandial lipemia influences the development of atherosclerosis. Age has been defined as a regulating factor of the extent of postprandial lipemia, but its independence of other age-associated phenotypic features, such as metabolic syndrome, has not been fully elucidated. METHODS To investigate if age is an independent factor influencing postprandial lipemia, we compared the lipemic response to a rich fatty meal (60% fat) of 88 healthy young men (<30 years old) and 97 older participants (77 metabolic syndrome patients aged > 40; and 20 healthy people > 65) (all ApoE3/E3), at fasting state and at 2nd and 4th postprandial hours. RESULTS We didn't find differences between the healthy young men and the healthy elderly. The metabolic syndrome patients displayed a higher postprandial TG area below the curve than the other two cohorts p < 0.001. ANOVA for repeated measurements confirmed that these differences were significant at every time-point (fasting, 2 h and 4 h). Concomitant higher responses for Large and Small TRL-carried TG and Chol were found in these metabolic syndrome patients. Interestingly, the most significant differences were found for Small-TRL-carried particles, which suggest that this fact may be mainly due to impaired lipid clearance. CONCLUSION Metabolic syndrome may account for the differences in postprandial lipemia that have been attributed to age. In our study, there were no significant differences in postprandial lipemia between a young population (mean age 22.6 years) and a healthy people >65 years one (67.2 years) without metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Perez-Caballero
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Medicine, IMIBIC, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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Iggman D, Risérus U. Role of different dietary saturated fatty acids for cardiometabolic risk. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.11.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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