1
|
Decraecker L, Boeckxstaens G, Denadai-Souza A. Inhibition of Serine Proteases as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Abdominal Pain in IBS. Front Physiol 2022; 13:880422. [PMID: 35665224 PMCID: PMC9161638 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.880422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine proteases are heavily present in the gastrointestinal tract where they are essential in numerous physiological processes. An imbalance in the proteolytic activity is a central mechanism underlying abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Therefore, protease inhibitors are emerging as a promising therapeutic tool to manage abdominal pain in this functional gastrointestinal disorder. With this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the implications of serine proteases in the development of abdominal pain in IBS, along with a critical assessment of the current developments and prospects of protease inhibitors as a therapeutic tool. In particular, we highlight the current knowledge gap concerning the identity of dysregulated serine proteases that are released by the rectal mucosa of IBS patients. Finally, we suggest a workflow with state-of-the-art techniques that will help address the knowledge gap, guiding future research towards the development of more effective and selective protease inhibitors to manage abdominal pain in IBS.
Collapse
|
2
|
Accarie A, Toth J, Wauters L, Farré R, Tack J, Vanuytsel T. Estrogens Play a Critical Role in Stress-Related Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in a Spontaneous Model of Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071214. [PMID: 35406778 PMCID: PMC8997409 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disorders of the gut-brain interaction (DGBI), such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia, are more prevalent in women than in men, with a ratio of 2:1. Furthermore, stressful life events have been reported as one of the triggers for symptoms in DGBI patients. METHODS Here, we studied the effect of an early-life stressor (maternal separation (MS)) on jejunal and colonic alterations, including colonic sensitivity and immune cells infiltration and activation in a validated spontaneous model of DGBI (BBDP-N), and investigated the involvement of β-estradiol on stress-worsened intestinal alterations. RESULTS We found that maternal separation exacerbated colonic sensitivity and mast cell and eosinophil infiltration and activation in females only. Ovariectomy partially rescued the stress phenotype by decreasing colonic sensitivity, which was restored by β-estradiol injections and did not impact immune cells infiltration and activation. Stressed males exposed to β-estradiol demonstrated similar intestinal alterations as MS females. CONCLUSION Estrogen plays a direct critical role in colonic hypersensitivity in a spontaneous animal model of DGBI, while for immune activation, estrogen seems to be involved in the first step of their recruitment and activation. Our data point towards a complex interaction between stress and β-estradiol in DGBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Accarie
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (ChroMetA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (A.A.); (J.T.); (L.W.); (R.F.); (J.T.)
| | - Joran Toth
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (ChroMetA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (A.A.); (J.T.); (L.W.); (R.F.); (J.T.)
| | - Lucas Wauters
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (ChroMetA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (A.A.); (J.T.); (L.W.); (R.F.); (J.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ricard Farré
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (ChroMetA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (A.A.); (J.T.); (L.W.); (R.F.); (J.T.)
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (ChroMetA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (A.A.); (J.T.); (L.W.); (R.F.); (J.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (ChroMetA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (A.A.); (J.T.); (L.W.); (R.F.); (J.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kårlund A, Paukkonen I, Gómez-Gallego C, Kolehmainen M. Intestinal Exposure to Food-Derived Protease Inhibitors: Digestion Physiology- and Gut Health-Related Effects. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1002. [PMID: 34442141 PMCID: PMC8394810 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9081002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived protease inhibitors (PI), such as Bowman-Birk inhibitors and Kunitz-type inhibitors, have been suggested to negatively affect dietary protein digestion by blocking the activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin in the human gastrointestinal system. In addition, some PIs may possess proinflammatory activities. However, there is also scientific evidence on some beneficial effects of PIs, for example, gut-related anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive activities in vitro and in vivo. Some PIs are sensitive to processing and digestion; thus, their survival is an important aspect when considering their positive and negative bioactivities. The aim of this review was to evaluate the relevance of PIs in protein digestion in humans and to discuss the potential of PIs from whole foods and as purified compounds in decreasing symptoms of bowel-related conditions. Based on the reviewed literature, we concluded that while the complex interactions affecting plant protein digestibility and bioavailability remain unclear, PI supplements could be considered for targeted purposes to mitigate inflammation and gastric pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kårlund
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (C.G.-G.); (M.K.)
| | - Isa Paukkonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Carlos Gómez-Gallego
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (C.G.-G.); (M.K.)
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (C.G.-G.); (M.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Madia VN, Messore A, Saccoliti F, Tudino V, De Leo A, De Vita D, Bortolami M, Scipione L, Pindinello I, Costi R, Di Santo R. Tegaserod for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2021; 19:342-369. [PMID: 31518227 PMCID: PMC7579269 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190911121306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Tegaserod (Zelnorm®) is a 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) type 4 receptor agonist for the treatment of hypomotility disorders of the lower gastrointestinal tract associated with the irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). Objective: The authors provide the reader with a better understanding on tegaserod mechanism of action, on its pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties, on safety and tolerability, with a summary of the key published clinical trials conducted in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Its effects on colon inflammation have also been described. Results: Tegaserod was withdrawn in 2007 due to increased risks of cardiovascular adverse effects. The manufacturer denied this, because pre-existing cardiovascular disease or risk factors were attributed to all affected patients. Thus, no causal relationship between tegaserod use and cardiovascular events was clearly shown. A matched case-control study of tegaserod-treated with untreated patients found no association between tegaserod and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Despite its adverse effects, tegaserod resulted to be effective in treating chronic constipation in adult women aged < 65 years with IBS-C, while the safety and effectiveness of tegaserod in men with IBS-C have not been established. Conclusion: Tegaserod was resubmitted to the Food and Drug Administration in 2018 for use in a low-risk population. Moreover, tegaserod has also been shown to improve symptoms, enhance gastric accommodation and significantly attenuate visceral pain arising from the colon in functional dyspepsia patients. Treatment with tegaserod seems also to exert a protective effect in inflamed colons, reducing the severity of colitis in animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Noemi Madia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Messore
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Saccoliti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Tudino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Leo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela De Vita
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, "Sapienza" Universita di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Bortolami
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Scipione
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ivano Pindinello
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Costi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Santo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hou JJ, Wang X, Li Y, Su S, Wang YM, Wang BM. The relationship between gut microbiota and proteolytic activity in irritable bowel syndrome. Microb Pathog 2021; 157:104995. [PMID: 34048892 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disease that affects 3.8-9.2% of the world population. It affects the physiology and psychology of patients and increases the burden on families, the healthcare system, society, and economic development. Presently, a large number of studies have shown that compared to healthy individuals, the composition and diversity of gut microbiota in IBS patients have changed, and the proteolytic activity (PA) in fecal supernatant and colonic mucosa of IBS patients has also increased. These findings indicate that the imbalance of intestinal microecology and intestinal protein hydrolysis is closely related to IBS. Furthermore, the intestinal flora is a key substance that regulates the PA and is associated with IBS. The current review described the intestinal microecology and intestinal proteolytic activity of patients with IBS and also discussed the effect of intestinal flora on PA. In summary, this study proposed a pivotal role of gut microbiota and PA in IBS, respectively, and provided an in-depth insight into the diagnosis and treatment targets of IBS as well as the formulation of new treatment strategies for other digestive diseases and protease-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Shuai Su
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Bang-Mao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Basson AR, Ahmed S, Almutairi R, Seo B, Cominelli F. Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation by Soybean and Soy-Derived Compounds. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040774. [PMID: 33916612 PMCID: PMC8066255 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors, particularly diet, are considered central to the pathogenesis of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. In particular, the Westernization of diet, characterized by high intake of animal protein, saturated fat, and refined carbohydrates, has been shown to contribute to the development and progression of IBD. During the last decade, soybean, as well as soy-derived bioactive compounds (e.g., isoflavones, phytosterols, Bowman-Birk inhibitors) have been increasingly investigated because of their anti-inflammatory properties in animal models of IBD. Herein we provide a scoping review of the most studied disease mechanisms associated with disease induction and progression in IBD rodent models after feeding of either the whole food or a bioactive present in soybean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Raffner Basson
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.A.); (B.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Saleh Ahmed
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.A.); (B.S.)
| | - Rawan Almutairi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Brian Seo
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.A.); (B.S.)
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.A.); (B.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mast Cell Regulation and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Effects of Food Components with Potential Nutraceutical Use. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184314. [PMID: 32962285 PMCID: PMC7570512 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are key actors in inflammatory reactions. Upon activation, they release histamine, heparin and nerve growth factor, among many other mediators that modulate immune response and neuron sensitization. One important feature of mast cells is that their population is usually increased in animal models and biopsies from patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Therefore, mast cells and mast cell mediators are regarded as key components in IBS pathophysiology. IBS is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting the quality of life of up to 20% of the population worldwide. It is characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits, with heterogeneous phenotypes ranging from constipation to diarrhea, with a mixed subtype and even an unclassified form. Nutrient intake is one of the triggering factors of IBS. In this respect, certain components of the daily food, such as fatty acids, amino acids or plant-derived substances like flavonoids, have been described to modulate mast cells' activity. In this review, we will focus on the effect of these molecules, either stimulatory or inhibitory, on mast cell degranulation, looking for a nutraceutical capable of decreasing IBS symptoms.
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu S, Wang X, Zhao J, Yang S, Dong L, Qin B. GPER-mediated, oestrogen-dependent visceral hypersensitivity in stressed rats is associated with mast cell tryptase and histamine expression. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 34:433-443. [PMID: 31967341 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Visceral hypersensitivity (VH) is common in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and female patients are more likely to seek healthcare services for IBS-related abdominal pain. Oestrogen has been reported to mediate pain modulation via its receptor, and mast cells are known to participate in the development of visceral hypersensitivity. Our previous studies showed that the G-protein-coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER, also known as GPR30) was expressed by mast cells in human colonic tissues and was associated with IBS type and severity of visceral pain. However, whether GPER is involved in oestrogen-dependent visceral hypersensitivity via mast cell degranulation is still unknown. Rats were subjected to wrap partial restraint stress to induce visceral hypersensitivity and were ovariectomized (OVX) to eliminate the effects of oestrogen on visceral hypersensitivity. OVX rats were treated with oestrogen, an oestrogen receptor α and β antagonist (ICI 182.780), a GPER antagonist (G15) or a GPER agonist (G1), to evaluate the effects of oestrogen via its receptor. The colorectal distention test was performed to assess visceral sensitivity. Immunofluorescence studies were performed to evaluate GPER and mast cell tryptase co-expression. Mast cell number with degranulation was detected by specific staining. Mast cell tryptase expression in rat colon was also investigated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Substance P and histamine expression were examined by ELISA. GPER was expressed by the majority of tryptase-positive mast cells in the colonic mucosa. Stressed rats showed increased visceral sensitivity, increased mast cell degranulation, mast cell tryptase expression, and increased colon histamine levels. Ovariectomy reduced stress-induced VH in female rats and decreased mast cell degranulation, mast cell tryptase expression, and histamine levels, whereas oestrogen replacement reversed these effects. In OVX rats, the GPER antagonist G15 counteracted the enhancing effects of oestrogen on stress-induced VH, mast cell degranulation, mast cell tryptase, and histamine expression, whereas VH was preserved after treatment with ICI 182.780. On the other hand, pretreatment with the selective GPER agonist G1 at doses between 1 and 20 μg/kg significantly increased VH, mast cell tryptase, and histamine expression in OVX-stressed rats, mimicking the effects of oestrogen. GPER plays a pivotal role in the regulation of mast cell degranulation, mast cell tryptase expression, and histamine levels and contributes to the development of colonic hypersensitivity in a female rat model of IBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxian Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Physical Examination, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Suzhen Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Bin Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Soy isoflavones and cholecalciferol reduce inflammation, and gut permeability, without any effect on antioxidant capacity in irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019; 34:50-54. [PMID: 31677711 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that is more prevalent in women. Vitamin D deficiency and hormonal disorders are also prevalent in Iranian women, and may influence the severity of clinical outcomes mediated by microinflammation, oxidative stress and intestinal permeability pathways. Our objective was to investigate the effects of co-administration of soy and vitamin D on some inflammatory, antioxidant and gut permeability markers in women with IBS. METHODS In a randomized clinical trial, women (18-75 years of age) were randomly allocated into four groups to receive soy isoflavones (40 mg/day), cholecalciferol (50,000 IU/15 days), both soy isoflavones and cholecalciferol, or placebo for six weeks. The outcomes were plasma inflammatory markers, antioxidant status and fecal protease activity at week 0 and week 6. RESULTS After the intervention, plasma inflammatory markers and fecal protease activity were reduced significantly in all treatment groups compared to the placebo group; however, there was no significant effect on antioxidant status. CONCLUSION This study suggests combined supplementation of soy isoflavones and active vitamin D can improve some biochemical parameters regarding inflammation and intestinal permeability of IBS in women. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical.Trials.govNCT02026518.
Collapse
|
10
|
Steffens JP, Valenga HM, Santana LCL, Albaricci MCDC, Kantarci A, Spolidorio LC. Role of testosterone and androgen receptor in periodontal disease progression in female rats. J Periodontol 2019; 91:545-553. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Steffens
- Department of StomatologyUniversidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR Curitiba PR Brazil
| | | | - Luis Carlos Leal Santana
- Department of Physiology and PathologySchool of Dentistry at AraraquaraUniversidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP Araraquara SP Brazil
| | | | | | - Luis Carlos Spolidorio
- Department of Physiology and PathologySchool of Dentistry at AraraquaraUniversidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP Araraquara SP Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim YS, Kim N. Sex-Gender Differences in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 24:544-558. [PMID: 30347934 PMCID: PMC6175559 DOI: 10.5056/jnm18082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the sex-gender differences that are shown in a diversity of physiological and psychological factors, it can be speculated that the clinical presentation of symptoms as well as treatment strategies in women and men with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may differ. Studies have revealed that IBS is more common in women than men. As for the IBS subtype, IBS with constipation is significantly more prevalent among women than men. Sex hormones and gender differences may play important roles in the pathophysiology of IBS. However, its pathophysiologic mechanisms still remain largely unknown, and therapeutic implications are limited. Moreover, women IBS patients have been reported to feel more fatigue, depression, anxiety, and lower quality of life than men IBS patients. Furthermore, there has been evidence of differences in the appropriate treatment efficacy to IBS in men and women, although relatively few men are enrolled in most relevant clinical trials. A more sex-gender-oriented approach in the medical care setting could improve understanding of heterogeneous patients suffering from IBS. An individualized and multicomponent approach including sex and gender issues might help improve the treatment of IBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jia L, Chopp M, Wang L, Lu X, Szalad A, Zhang ZG. Exosomes derived from high-glucose-stimulated Schwann cells promote development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201800597R. [PMID: 29932869 PMCID: PMC6219828 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800597r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Schwann cells actively interact with axons of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Exosomes mediate intercellular communication by transferring their biomaterials, including microRNAs (miRs) into recipient cells. We hypothesized that exosomes derived from Schwann cells stimulated by high glucose (HG) exosomes accelerate development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and that exosomal cargo miRs contribute to this process. We found that HG exosomes contained high levels of miR-28, -31a, and -130a compared to exosomes derived from non-HG-stimulated Schwann cells. In vitro, treatment of distal axons with HG exosomes resulted in reduction of axonal growth, which was associated with elevation of miR-28, -31a, and -130a and reduction of their target proteins of DNA methyltransferase-3α, NUMB (an endocytic adaptor protein), synaptosome associated protein 25, and growth-associated protein-43 in axons. In vivo, administration of HG exosomes to sciatic nerves of diabetic db/db mice at 7 wk of age promoted occurrence of peripheral neuropathy characterized by impairment of nerve conduction velocity and induction of mechanic and thermal hypoesthesia, which was associated with substantial decreases in intraepidermal nerve fibers. Our findings demonstrate a functional role of exosomes derived from HG-stimulated Schwann cells in mediating development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.-Jia, L., Chopp, M., Wang, L., Lu, X., Szalad, A., Zhang, Z. G. Exosomes derived from high-glucose-stimulated Schwann cells promote development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Jia
- Inovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA; and
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA; and
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA; and
| | - Xuerong Lu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA; and
| | - Alexandra Szalad
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA; and
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA; and
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Edogawa S, Peters SA, Jenkins GD, Gurunathan SV, Sundt WJ, Johnson S, Lennon RJ, Dyer RB, Camilleri M, Kashyap PC, Farrugia G, Chen J, Singh RJ, Grover M. Sex differences in NSAID-induced perturbation of human intestinal barrier function and microbiota. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201800560R. [PMID: 29897814 PMCID: PMC6219825 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800560r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier function and microbiota are integrally related and play critical roles in maintenance of host physiology. Sex is a key biologic variable for several disorders. Our aim was to determine sex-based differences in response to perturbation and subsequent recovery of intestinal barrier function and microbiota in healthy humans. Twenty-three volunteers underwent duodenal biopsies, mucosal impedance, and in vivo permeability measurement. Permeability testing was repeated after administration of indomethacin, then 4 to 6 wk after its discontinuation. Duodenal and fecal microbiota composition was determined using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Healthy women had lower intestinal permeability and higher duodenal and fecal microbial diversity than healthy men. Intestinal permeability increases after indomethacin administration in both sexes. However, only women demonstrated decreased fecal microbial diversity, including an increase in Prevotella abundance, after indomethacin administration. Duodenal microbiota composition did not show sex-specific changes. The increase in permeability and microbiota changes normalized after discontinuation of indomethacin. In summary, women have lower intestinal permeability and higher microbial diversity. Intestinal permeability is sensitive to perturbation but recovers to baseline. Gut microbiota in women is sensitive to perturbation but appears to be more stable in men. Sex-based differences in intestinal barrier function and microbiome should be considered in future studies.-Edogawa, S., Peters, S. A., Jenkins, G. D., Gurunathan, S. V., Sundt, W. J., Johnson, S., Lennon, R. J., Dyer, R. B., Camilleri, M., Kashyap, P. C., Farrugia, G., Chen, J., Singh, R. J., Grover, M. Sex differences in NSAID-induced perturbation of human intestinal barrier function and microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Edogawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Peters
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gregory D. Jenkins
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Wendy J. Sundt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen Johnson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ryan J. Lennon
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Roy B. Dyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael Camilleri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Purna C. Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ravinder J. Singh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Madhusudan Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ceuleers H, Van Spaendonk H, Hanning N, Heirbaut J, Lambeir AM, Joossens J, Augustyns K, De Man JG, De Meester I, De Winter BY. Visceral hypersensitivity in inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome: The role of proteases. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:10275-10286. [PMID: 28058009 PMCID: PMC5175241 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i47.10275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases, enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, are present at high concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract. Besides their well-known role in the digestive process, they also function as signaling molecules through the activation of protease-activated receptors (PARs). Based on their chemical mechanism for catalysis, proteases can be classified into several classes: serine, cysteine, aspartic, metallo- and threonine proteases represent the mammalian protease families. In particular, the class of serine proteases will play a significant role in this review. In the last decades, proteases have been suggested to play a key role in the pathogenesis of visceral hypersensitivity, which is a major factor contributing to abdominal pain in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and/or irritable bowel syndrome. So far, only a few preclinical animal studies have investigated the effect of protease inhibitors specifically on visceral sensitivity while their effect on inflammation is described in more detail. In our accompanying review we describe their effect on gastrointestinal permeability. On account of their promising results in the field of visceral hypersensitivity, further research is warranted. The aim of this review is to give an overview on the concept of visceral hypersensitivity as well as on the physiological and pathophysiological functions of proteases herein.
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang LL, Wu BB, Liang Y. Effects of plant fermentation extract on intestinal microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:2982-2987. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i19.2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of plant fermentation extracts (PFE) on intestinal microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), using high-throughput sequencing.
METHODS: The feces were collected from IBS patients before (day 0) and 30 days (day 30) after consumption of PFE, respectively. The community structure and abundance of the intestinal microbiota were examined via analyzing 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing using an Illumima System.
RESULTS: The overall diversity of the intestinal microbiota had no significant change on day 30. At the phylum level, the abundance of Firmicutes was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while that of Bacteroidetes was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The ratio of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes was greatly elevated. At the family level, Campylobacteraceae, Cryomorphaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae and Fibrobacteraceae were detected after the PFE consumption, and their abundance all significantly increased (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: PFE improves the abundance of intestinal microbiota in IBS patients, which may be utilized as a type of dietary intervention of IBS.
Collapse
|
16
|
Pigrau M, Rodiño-Janeiro BK, Casado-Bedmar M, Lobo B, Vicario M, Santos J, Alonso-Cotoner C. The joint power of sex and stress to modulate brain-gut-microbiota axis and intestinal barrier homeostasis: implications for irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:463-86. [PMID: 26556786 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal homeostasis is a dynamic process that takes place at the interface between the lumen and the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, where a constant scrutiny for antigens and toxins derived from food and microorganisms is carried out by the vast gut-associated immune system. Intestinal homeostasis is preserved by the ability of the mucus layer and the mucosal barrier to keep the passage of small-sized and antigenic molecules across the epithelium highly selective. When combined and preserved, immune surveillance and barrier's selective permeability, the host capacity of preventing the development of intestinal inflammation is optimized, and viceversa. In addition, the brain-gut-microbiome axis, a multidirectional communication system that integrates distant and local regulatory networks through neural, immunological, metabolic, and hormonal signaling pathways, also regulates intestinal function. Dysfunction of the brain-gut-microbiome axis may induce the loss of gut mucosal homeostasis, leading to uncontrolled permeation of toxins and immunogenic particles, increasing the risk of appearance of intestinal inflammation, mucosal damage, and gut disorders. Irritable bowel syndrome is prevalent stress-sensitive gastrointestinal disorder that shows a female predominance. Interestingly, the role of stress, sex and gonadal hormones in the regulation of intestinal mucosal and the brain-gut-microbiome axis functioning is being increasingly recognized. PURPOSE We aim to critically review the evidence linking sex, and stress to intestinal barrier and brain-gut-microbiome axis dysfunction and the implications for irritable bowel syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pigrau
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Laboratory of Neuro-immuno-gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases Research Unit. Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron & Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B K Rodiño-Janeiro
- Laboratory of Neuro-immuno-gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases Research Unit. Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron & Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Casado-Bedmar
- Laboratory of Neuro-immuno-gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases Research Unit. Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron & Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Lobo
- Laboratory of Neuro-immuno-gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases Research Unit. Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron & Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Vicario
- Laboratory of Neuro-immuno-gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases Research Unit. Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron & Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Santos
- Laboratory of Neuro-immuno-gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases Research Unit. Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron & Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Alonso-Cotoner
- Laboratory of Neuro-immuno-gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases Research Unit. Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron & Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Meleine M, Matricon J. Gender-related differences in irritable bowel syndrome: Potential mechanisms of sex hormones. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:6725-6743. [PMID: 24944465 PMCID: PMC4051914 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i22.6725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to epidemiological studies, twice as many women as men are affected by irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in western countries, suggesting a role for sex hormones in IBS pathophysiology. Despite growing evidence about the implications of sex hormones in IBS symptom modulation, data on mechanisms by which they influence disease development are sparse. This review aims to determine the state of knowledge about the role of sex hormones in sensorimotor dysfunctions and to address the possible interplay of sex hormones with common risk factors associated with IBS. The scientific bibliography was searched using the following keywords: irritable bowel syndrome, sex, gender, ovarian hormone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, symptoms, pain, sensitivity, motility, permeability, stress, immune system, brain activity, spinal, supraspinal, imaging. Ovarian hormones variations along the menstrual cycle affect sensorimotor gastrointestinal function in both healthy and IBS populations. They can modulate pain processing by interacting with neuromodulator systems and the emotional system responsible for visceral pain perception. These hormones can also modulate the susceptibility to stress, which is a pivotal factor in IBS occurrence and symptom severity. For instance, estrogen-dependent hyper-responsiveness to stress can promote immune activation or impairments of gut barrier function. In conclusion, whereas it is important to keep in mind that ovarian hormones cannot be considered as a causal factor of IBS, they arguably modulate IBS onset and symptomatology. However, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains limited and studies assessing the link between IBS symptoms and ovarian hormone levels are needed to improve our knowledge of the disease evolution with regard to gender. Further studies assessing the role of male hormones are also needed to understand fully the role of sex hormones in IBS. Finally, investigation of brain-gut interactions is critical to decipher how stress, ovarian hormones, and female brain processing of pain can translate into gut dysfunctions.
Collapse
|
18
|
Qin B, Dong L, Guo X, Jiang J, He Y, Wang X, Li L, Zhao J. Expression of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor in irritable bowel syndrome and its clinical significance. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:4733-8. [PMID: 24966932 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.11.4733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Estrogen is suggested to participate in pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but expression of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in the colon of IBS patients has never been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of GPER and classical estrogen receptors in the colon of IBS patients and healthy controls. METHODS Colonic biopsies were obtained by endoscopy from patients with IBS (n=46) and healthy subjects (n=13). Expression of GPER, estrogen receptor α (ERα) and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in mast cells were measured by double-labelling immunofluorescence. Quantification of mRNA expression was performed for GPER, ERα and ERβ by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Differential distribution of GPER, ERα and ERβ were detected in human colonic mucosa. The expression of GPER in the cytoplasm of mast cells and GPER-positive cells was significantly higher in diarrhea-predominant IBS (D-IBS) patients than that in constipation-predominant IBS (C-IBS, P<0.001) patients and healthy subjects (P=0.005). ERα and ERβ were not detected in majority of mast cells in colonic mucosa and no difference of immunostaining results for ERα and ERβ was found among these three groups. A positive correlation (r=0.451, P=0.011) between GPER-positive cell counts and abdominal pain severity was observed in D-IBS group. Relative mRNA expression of GPER in D-IBS was also higher than that in C-IBS (P=0.018) and healthy subjects (P=0.011). CONCLUSIONS The present study, for the first time, demonstrated the expression of GPER in human colonic mucosa and its correlation with abdominal pain severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, China
| | - Jiong Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, China
| | - Yangxin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, China
| | - Juhui Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Moussa L, Bézirard V, Salvador-Cartier C, Bacquié V, Lencina C, Lévêque M, Braniste V, Ménard S, Théodorou V, Houdeau E. A low dose of fermented soy germ alleviates gut barrier injury, hyperalgesia and faecal protease activity in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49547. [PMID: 23166707 PMCID: PMC3498131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines like macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), IL-1β and TNF-α predominate in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and TNBS colitis. Increased levels of serine proteases activating protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) are found in the lumen and colonic tissue of IBD patients. PAR-2 activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines impair epithelial barrier, facilitating the uptake of luminal aggressors that perpetuate inflammation and visceral pain. Soy extracts contain phytoestrogens (isoflavones) and serine protease inhibitors namely Bowman-Birk Inhibitors (BBI). Since estrogens exhibit anti-inflammatory and epithelial barrier enhancing properties, and that a BBI concentrate improves ulcerative colitis, we aimed to evaluate if a fermented soy germ extract (FSG) with standardized isoflavone profile and stable BBI content exert cumulative or synergistic protection based on protease inhibition and estrogen receptor (ER)-ligand activity in colitic rats. Female rats received orally for 15 d either vehicle or FSG with or without an ER antagonist ICI 182.780 before TNBS intracolonic instillation. Macroscopic and microscopic damages, myeloperoxidase activity, cytokine levels, intestinal paracellular permeability, visceral sensitivity, faecal proteolytic activity and PAR-2 expression were assessed 24 h, 3 d and 5 d post-TNBS. FSG treatment improved the severity of colitis, by decreasing the TNBS-induced rise in gut permeability, visceral sensitivity, faecal proteolytic activity and PAR-2 expression at all post-TNBS points. All FSG effects were reversed by the ICI 182.780 except the decrease in faecal proteolytic activity and PAR-2 expression. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory properties of FSG treatment result from two distinct but synergic pathways i.e an ER-ligand and a PAR-2 mediated pathway, providing rationale for potential use as adjuvant therapy in IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Moussa
- Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1331 Toxalim, INRA/INPT/UPS, Toulouse, France
- GENIBIO, Lorp-Sentaraille, France
| | - Valérie Bézirard
- Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1331 Toxalim, INRA/INPT/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Christel Salvador-Cartier
- Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1331 Toxalim, INRA/INPT/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Bacquié
- Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1331 Toxalim, INRA/INPT/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Lencina
- Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1331 Toxalim, INRA/INPT/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathilde Lévêque
- Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1331 Toxalim, INRA/INPT/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Viorica Braniste
- Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1331 Toxalim, INRA/INPT/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Ménard
- Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1331 Toxalim, INRA/INPT/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Vassilia Théodorou
- Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1331 Toxalim, INRA/INPT/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Houdeau
- Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1331 Toxalim, INRA/INPT/UPS, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|