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Lares-Villaseñor E, Guevara-Cruz M, Salazar-García S, Granados-Portillo O, Vega-Cárdenas M, Martinez-Leija ME, Medina-Vera I, González-Salazar LE, Arteaga-Sanchez L, Guízar-Heredia R, Hernández-Gómez KG, Serralde-Zúñiga AE, Pichardo-Ontiveros E, López-Barradas AM, Guevara-Pedraza L, Ordaz-Nava G, Avila-Nava A, Tovar AR, Cossío-Torres PE, de la Cruz-Mosso U, Aradillas-García C, Portales-Pérez DP, Noriega LG, Vargas-Morales JM. Genetic risk score for insulin resistance based on gene variants associated to amino acid metabolism in young adults. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299543. [PMID: 38422035 PMCID: PMC10903913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating concentration of arginine, alanine, aspartate, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, proline, tyrosine, taurine and valine are increased in subjects with insulin resistance, which could in part be attributed to the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes associated with amino acid metabolism. Thus, the aim of this work was to develop a Genetic Risk Score (GRS) for insulin resistance in young adults based on SNPs present in genes related to amino acid metabolism. We performed a cross-sectional study that included 452 subjects over 18 years of age. Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters were assessed including measurement of serum amino acids by high performance liquid chromatography. Eighteen SNPs were genotyped by allelic discrimination. Of these, ten were found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and only four were used to construct the GRS through multiple linear regression modeling. The GRS was calculated using the number of risk alleles of the SNPs in HGD, PRODH, DLD and SLC7A9 genes. Subjects with high GRS (≥ 0.836) had higher levels of glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment- insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol and triglycerides, and lower levels of arginine than subjects with low GRS (p < 0.05). The application of a GRS based on variants within genes associated to amino acid metabolism may be useful for the early identification of subjects at increased risk of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Lares-Villaseñor
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Martha Guevara-Cruz
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Samuel Salazar-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Omar Granados-Portillo
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mariela Vega-Cárdenas
- Laboratorio de Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias en Investigación Aplicadas en Ambiente y Salud, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | | | - Isabel Medina-Vera
- Departamento de Metodología de la Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis E. González-Salazar
- Servicio de Nutriología Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Liliana Arteaga-Sanchez
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rocío Guízar-Heredia
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Karla G. Hernández-Gómez
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Aurora E. Serralde-Zúñiga
- Servicio de Nutriología Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Edgar Pichardo-Ontiveros
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Adriana M. López-Barradas
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Guillermo Ordaz-Nava
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Azalia Avila-Nava
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, IMSS-Bienestar, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Armando R. Tovar
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Patricia E. Cossío-Torres
- Departamento de Salud Pública y Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Ulises de la Cruz-Mosso
- Red de Inmunonutrición y Genómica Nutricional en las Enfermedades Autoinmunes, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Celia Aradillas-García
- Facultad de Medicina, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Diana P. Portales-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Lilia G. Noriega
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan M. Vargas-Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
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Tosur M, Hsu JW, Deen S, Huang X, Guffey D, Uysal S, Astudillo M, Redondo MJ, Jahoor F, Balasubramanyam A. Plasma amino acid signatures define types of pediatric diabetes. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:21-28. [PMID: 37739658 PMCID: PMC10518839 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Metabolic biomarkers with pathophysiological relevance is lacking in pediatric diabetes. We aimed to identify novel metabolic biomarkers in pediatric type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We hypothesized that (1) targeted plasma metabolomics, focused on plasma amino acid concentrations, could identify distinctively altered patterns in children with T1D or T2D, and (2) there are specific changes in concentrations of metabolites related to branch chain amino acids (BCAA) and arginine metabolism in children with T2D. METHODS In a pilot study, we enrolled children with T1D (n = 15) and T2D (n = 13), and healthy controls (n = 15). Fasting plasma amino acid concentrations were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography, and compared between the groups after adjustment for confounding factors. RESULTS The mean age (SD) of participants was 16.4 (0.9) years. There were no group differences in age, gender, race/ethnicity, or 24-h protein intake. Mean BMI percentile was higher in the T2D than the T1D group or controls (p < 0.001). The T2D group had lower arginine, citrulline, glutamine, glycine, phenylalanine, methionine, threonine, asparagine and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) but higher aspartate than controls, after adjusting for BMI percentiles (all p < 0.05). Children with T2D also had lower glycine but higher ornithine, proline, leucine, isoleucine, valine, total BCAA, lysine and tyrosine than those with T1D after adjusting for confounding factors (all p < 0.05). Children with T1D had lower phenylalanine, methionine, threonine, glutamine, tyrosine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and SDMA than controls (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Children with T2D and T1D have distinct fasting plasma amino acid signatures that suggest varying pathogenic mechanisms and could serve as biomarkers for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Tosur
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Children's Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jean W Hsu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics - Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Saima Deen
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Resources Office, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaofan Huang
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Danielle Guffey
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Serife Uysal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marcela Astudillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria J Redondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farook Jahoor
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics - Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashok Balasubramanyam
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Insulin Resistance, from Protein Supply to Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010068. [PMID: 36615726 PMCID: PMC9824001 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than a decade, there has been a wide debate about the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine, valine, and isoleucine, with, on the one hand, the supporters of their anabolic effects and, on the other hand, those who suspect them of promoting insulin resistance. Indeed, the role of leucine in the postprandial activation of protein synthesis has been clearly established, even though supplementation studies aimed at taking advantage of this property are rather disappointing. Furthermore, there is ample evidence of an association between the elevation of their plasma concentrations and insulin resistance or the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, although there are many confounding factors, starting with the level of animal protein consumption. After a summary of their metabolism and anabolic properties, we analyze in this review the factors likely to increase the plasma concentrations of BCAAs, including insulin-resistance. After an analysis of supplementation or restriction studies in search of a direct role of BCAAs in insulin resistance, we discuss an indirect role through some of their metabolites: branched-chain keto acids, C3 and C5 acylcarnitines, and hydroxyisobutyrate. Overall, given the importance of insulin in the metabolism of these amino acids, it is very likely that small alterations in insulin sensitivity are responsible for a reduction in their catabolism long before the onset of impaired glucose tolerance.
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Nong X, Zhang C, Wang J, Ding P, Ji G, Wu T. The mechanism of branched-chain amino acid transferases in different diseases: Research progress and future prospects. Front Oncol 2022; 12:988290. [PMID: 36119495 PMCID: PMC9478667 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the enzyme catalyzes the first step of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism is branched-chain amino transferase (BCAT), which is involved in the synthesis and degradation of leucine, isoleucine and valine. There are two main subtypes of human branched chain amino transferase (hBCAT), including cytoplasmic BCAT (BCAT1) and mitochondrial BCAT (BCAT2). In recent years, the role of BCAT in tumors has attracted the attention of scientists, and there have been continuous research reports that BCAT plays a role in the tumor, Alzheimer’s disease, myeloid leukaemia and other diseases. It plays a significant role in the growth and development of diseases, and new discoveries about this gene in some diseases are made every year. BCAT usually promotes cancer proliferation and invasion by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and activating Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction. This article reviews the role and mechanism of BCAT in different diseases, as well as the recent biomedical research progress. This review aims to make a comprehensive summary of the role and mechanism of BCAT in different diseases and to provide new research ideas for the treatment, prognosis and prevention of certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiazhen Nong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peilun Ding
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Ji, ; ; Tao Wu, ;
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Ji, ; ; Tao Wu, ;
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Low S, Wang J, Moh A, Ang SF, Ang K, Shao YM, Ching J, Wee HN, Lee LS, Kovalik JP, Tang WE, Lim Z, Subramaniam T, Sum CF, Lim SC. Amino acid profile of skeletal muscle loss in type 2 diabetes: Results from a 7-year longitudinal study in asians. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 186:109803. [PMID: 35218850 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Little is known about pathophysiology of sarcopenia in diabetes. We aimed to study amino acid profile associated with skeletal muscle mass loss longitudinally in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). METHODS This is a prospective study of 1140 patients aged 56.6 ± 10.6 years from the SMART2D cohort. Skeletal muscle mass was measured using bio-impedance analysis at baseline and follow-up. Amino acids were measured by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Over a period of up to 7.9 years, 43.9% experienced skeletal muscle mass loss. Lower baseline valine, leucine and isoleucine levels were associated with decreased skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) with corresponding coefficient 0.251(95 %CI 0.009 to 0.493), 0.298(95 %CI 0.051 to 0.544)) and 0.366(95 %CI 0.131 to 0.600). Higher baseline valine, leucine, isoleucine, alanine and tryptophan levels were associated with reduced odds of muscle mass loss with corresponding odds ratio (OR)0.797 (95 %CI 0.690 to 0.921), 0.825 (95 %CI 0.713 to 0.955), 0.826 (95 %CI 0.718-0.950), 0.847 (95 %CI 0.739-0.969) and 0.835 (95 %CI 0.720-0.979). CONCLUSION The branched-chain amino acids valine, leucine and isoleucine were positively associated with change in SMI and reduced odds of muscle mass loss longitudinally. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the relationship between these amino acids and muscle mass loss in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Low
- Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Singapore; Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Jiexun Wang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Angela Moh
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Su Fen Ang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Keven Ang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yi-Ming Shao
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jianhong Ching
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Wern Ee Tang
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore
| | - Ziliang Lim
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore
| | | | - Chee Fang Sum
- Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Singapore
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Singapore; Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Kuroiwa M, Hamaoka-Fuse S, Sugimoto M, Kurosawa Y, Aita Y, Tomita A, Anjo M, Tanaka R, Endo T, Kime R, Hamaoka T. Correlation of Plasma Amino Acid and Anthropometric Profiles with Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112339. [PMID: 34071816 PMCID: PMC8199240 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between plasma amino acid (AA) concentrations, including branched-chain AAs, and brown adipose tissue density (BAT-d). One hundred and seventy-three subjects (69 men, 104 women) aged 22-68 years were recruited during the winter season. AAs were comprehensively quantified using liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. The total hemoglobin concentration in the supraclavicular region ([total-Hb]sup), an indicator of BAT-d, was assessed using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy. Anthropometric parameters, including age, percentage of body fat, and visceral fat, were evaluated. Factors associated with higher (≥74 µM) or lower (<74 µM) [total-Hb]sup were investigated by multiple logistic regression models that included AA concentrations alone (model 1) or AA concentrations and anthropometric parameters (model 2) as independent variables. When adjusted for the false discovery rate, [total-Hb]sup was positively correlated with glycine and asparagine levels in men and with the serine level in both men and women and was negatively correlated with the branched-chain AA concentration in men. Models 1 and 2 correlated with higher or lower BAT-d for men (r = 0.73, p = 0.015) and women (r = 0.58, p = 0.079) and for men (r = 0.82, p = 0.0070) and women (r = 0.70, p = 0.020), respectively. A combination of anthropometric parameters and plasma AA concentrations could be a reliable biomarker for higher and lower BAT-d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Kuroiwa
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.K.); (S.H.-F.); (Y.K.); (M.A.); (R.T.); (T.E.); (R.K.)
| | - Sayuri Hamaoka-Fuse
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.K.); (S.H.-F.); (Y.K.); (M.A.); (R.T.); (T.E.); (R.K.)
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Research and Development Center for Minimally Invasive Therapies, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Yuko Kurosawa
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.K.); (S.H.-F.); (Y.K.); (M.A.); (R.T.); (T.E.); (R.K.)
| | - Yasuko Aita
- Research and Development Center for Minimally Invasive Therapies, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Atsumi Tomita
- Research and Development Center for Minimally Invasive Therapies, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Mikiko Anjo
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.K.); (S.H.-F.); (Y.K.); (M.A.); (R.T.); (T.E.); (R.K.)
| | - Riki Tanaka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.K.); (S.H.-F.); (Y.K.); (M.A.); (R.T.); (T.E.); (R.K.)
| | - Tasuki Endo
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.K.); (S.H.-F.); (Y.K.); (M.A.); (R.T.); (T.E.); (R.K.)
| | - Ryotaro Kime
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.K.); (S.H.-F.); (Y.K.); (M.A.); (R.T.); (T.E.); (R.K.)
| | - Takafumi Hamaoka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (M.K.); (S.H.-F.); (Y.K.); (M.A.); (R.T.); (T.E.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence:
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