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Sun Y, Zhang H, Qi G, Tian W. Nutrient deficiency patterns and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older adults with hypertension: a latent class analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1551. [PMID: 38853236 PMCID: PMC11163810 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19003-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous researches examining the impact of dietary nutrition on mortality risk have mainly focused on individual nutrients, however the interaction of these nutrients has not been considered. The purpose of this study was to identify of nutrient deficiencies patterns and analyze their potential impact on mortality risk in older adults with hypertension. METHODS We included participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study. The latent class analysis (LCA) was applied to uncover specific malnutrition profiles within the sample. Risk of the end points across the phenogroups was compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression model. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the influencing factors of specific malnutrition profiles. RESULTS A total of 6924 participants aged 60 years or older with hypertension from NHANES 2003-2014 was followed until December 31, 2019 with a median follow-up of 8.7 years. Various nutrients included vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, fiber, folate, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, and selenium, and LCA revealed 4 classes of malnutrition. Regarding all-cause mortality, "Nutrient Deprived" group showed the strongest hazard ratio (1.42 from 1.19 to 1.70) compared with "Adequate Nutrient" group, followed by "Inadequate Nutrient" group (1.29 from 1.10 to 1.50), and "Low Fiber, Magnesium, and Vit E" group (1.17 from 1.02 to 1.35). For cardiovascular mortality, "Nutrient Deprived" group showed the strongest hazard ratio (1.61 from 1.19 to 2.16) compared with "Adequate Nutrient" group, followed by "Low Fiber, Magnesium, and Vit E" group (1.51 from 1.04 to 2.20), and "Inadequate Nutrient" group (1.37 from 1.03 to 1.83). CONCLUSIONS The study revealed a significant association between nutrients deficiency patterns and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older adults with hypertension. The findings suggested that nutrients deficiency pattern may be an important risk factor for mortality in older adults with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuJiao Sun
- Department of Geriatric, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping Ward, Shenyang, 110001, NO, China
| | - HuanRui Zhang
- Department of Geriatric, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping Ward, Shenyang, 110001, NO, China
| | - GuoXian Qi
- Department of Geriatric, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping Ward, Shenyang, 110001, NO, China
| | - Wen Tian
- Department of Geriatric, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping Ward, Shenyang, 110001, NO, China.
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Vilela S, Vaz A, Oliveira A. Sleep timing behaviour, sleep duration and adherence to obesogenic dietary patterns from pre-school to school age: results from the Portuguese birth cohort Generation XXI. J Sleep Res 2024:e14172. [PMID: 38375691 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In an obesogenic environment, short sleeping may increase opportunistic eating. The timing of sleep might also influence the drive to eat. This study investigated the prospective association of sleep timing and duration with diet in 5286 children from the Portuguese birth cohort Generation XXI, evaluated at 4 and 7 years of age. At 4 years, sleep duration was categorised into ≤10 and >10 h. Four sleep timing categories were generated based on the median split for sleep-onset and -offset times: 'Early Sleep-Early Wake'; 'Early Sleep-Late Wake'; 'Late Sleep-Early Wake'; 'Late Sleep-Late Wake'. At 7 years, diet was obtained by a food frequency questionnaire and three dietary patterns were included: 'Healthier', 'Energy-Dense Foods (EDF)' and 'Snacking'. The Healthy Eating Index was used to evaluate diet quality. Multinomial logistic regression models and generalised linear models were performed. Children who had a late sleep, independently of the time of waking up, had higher odds of following the 'EDF' pattern, compared with the 'Healthier'. Boys who had late sleep and/or late wake had also higher odds of following the 'Snacking' pattern and had poorer diet quality. In both sexes, a late sleep or late wake were associated with a lower diet quality, compared to the group 'Early Sleep-Early Wake', and independently of nap behaviour. In boys, shorter sleep duration was associated with a poorer diet. In conclusion, pre-schoolers with late bedtimes or wake-up times have worse dietary patterns and poorer diet quality at the age of 7 years, which seems to be independent of sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Vilela
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Vaz
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Saúde Pública e Ciências Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Chen J, Wu F, Magnussen CG, Pahkala K, Juonala M, Hakala JO, Männistö S, Hutri-Kähönen N, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT, Rovio SP. Dietary patterns from youth to adulthood and cognitive function in midlife: The cardiovascular risk in Young Finns Study. Nutrition 2023; 112:112063. [PMID: 37269718 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diet plays an important role in cognitive health, but the long-term association of diet early in life with cognitive function in adulthood has not, to our knowledge, been rigorously studied. The aim of this study was to examine the association of youth, adulthood, and long-term dietary patterns from youth to adulthood with cognitive function in midlife. METHODS This was a population-based cohort study that assessed dietary intake in 1980 (baseline, participants 3-18 y of age), 1986, 2001, 2007, and 2011 and cognitive function in 2011. Six dietary patterns were derived from 48-h food recall or food frequency questionnaires using factor analysis. The dietary patterns were traditional Finnish, high-carbohydrate, vegetables and dairy products, traditional Finnish and high-carbohydrate, red meat, and healthy. Scores of long-term dietary patterns were calculated as the average between youth and adulthood. Cognitive function outcomes assessed included episodic memory and associative learning, short-term working memory and problem solving, reaction and movement time, and visual processing and sustained attention. Standardized z-scores of exposures and outcomes were used for analyses. RESULTS Participants (n = 790, mean age 11.2 y) were followed up for 31 y. Multivariable models showed that both youth and long-term vegetable and dairy products and healthy patterns were positively associated with episodic memory and associative learning scores (β = 0.080-0.111, P < 0.05 for all). Both youth and long-term traditional Finnish patterns were negatively associated with spatial working memory and problem solving (β = -0.085 and -0.097, respectively; P < 0.05 for both). Long-term high-carbohydrate and traditional Finnish and high-carbohydrate patterns were inversely associated with visual processing and sustained attention, whereas the vegetable and dairy products pattern was positively associated with this cognitive domain (β = -0.117 to 0.073, P < 0.05 for all). Adulthood high-carbohydrate and traditional Finnish and high-carbohydrate patterns were inversely associated with all cognitive domains except for reaction and movement time (β = -0.072 to -0.161, P < 0.05 for all). Both long-term and adulthood red meat pattern were positively associated with visual processing and sustained attention (β = 0.079 and 0.104, respectively; P < 0.05 for both). These effect sizes correspond to approximately 1.6 to 16.1 y of cognitive aging on these cognitive domains. CONCLUSIONS Higher adherence to traditional Finnish, high-carbohydrate, and traditional Finnish and high-carbohydrate patterns across the early life course was associated with poorer cognitive function in midlife, whereas higher adherence to healthy and vegetable and dairy product patterns was associated with better cognitive function. The findings, if causative, highlight the importance of maintaining a healthy dietary pattern from early life to adulthood in an attempt to promote cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feitong Wu
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports & Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juuso O Hakala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports & Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Tampere Centre for Skills Training and Simulation, Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi P Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Martín-Rodríguez A, Tornero-Aguilera JF, López-Pérez PJ, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Overweight and executive functions, psychological and behavioral profile of Spanish adolescents. Physiol Behav 2022; 254:113901. [PMID: 35810837 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has risen dramatically increasing a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases and cognitive dysfunctions. This study aimed to analyze differences in the executive function´s development between overweight and normal-weight adolescents. As a secondary objective, we aimed to assess differences in adolescents' psychological and behavioral profiles between groups. In order to achieve the study's aim, 105 adolescent students (17.61 ± 7.43 years) completed an online questionnaire that analyzed variables regarding their executive functions' processes, their psychological and physical health as well as lifestyle habits. Results showed that executive functions development is associated with adolescent weight. A higher range of weight presents a lower ability to assess abstract reasoning and to shift cognitive strategies. Nevertheless, no differences were found between groups in the capacity to hold information in mind nor the ability to control impulsive responses. Furthermore, groups showed differences in the number of meals and gastritis, but no significant differences have been found in lifestyle variables such as mobile usage, smoking, physical activity, and hours of sleep per day. The results from the present study could be used to implement multidisciplinary programs to develop healthier habits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P Javier López-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, 080002 Colombia
| | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Universidad Europea de Madrid. Faculty of Sports Sciences. Tajo Street, s/n, Madrid, 28670 Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia.
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