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Kumar L, Upadhyay A, Jayaraj AS. Chemotherapy and immune check point inhibitors in the management of cervical cancer. Curr Probl Cancer 2022; 46:100900. [PMID: 36265252 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2022.100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Management of locally advanced cervix cancer underwent major change 2 decades back when concurrent chemotherapy (CCRT) (with cisplatin alone or in combination) along with definite radiation therapy (external + brachytherapy) was found to be superior compared to radiation alone in a series of randomized trials. Since then CCRT has been the standard treatment approach; this has resulted in 5-year overall survival rate of 66% and disease-free survival (DFS) of 58%. About 30% to 40% of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer continue to have treatment failure. Also, some patients experience early and late side effects of treatment with negative impact on quality of life. To improve the outcome further - recent approaches have explored use of weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin for 4 to 6 weeks as dose dense chemotherapy prior to CCRT, adjuvant chemotherapy after CCRT in high risk patients. For patients with early stage disease (IA2-IIA), short course chemotherapy prior to surgery is associated with improved outcome in many studies. Bevacizumab- an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor - is associated with improved survival. More recently, addition of treatment with immune check inhibitors (to boost the ability of T cells to destroy cancer cells) have improved responses and survival in the treatment of recurrent and metastatic cervical cancer. Whether these and other similar novel agents targeting molecular pathways could be brought in front line treatment along with cytotoxic chemotherapy along with bevacizumab are potential areas of current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | | | - Aarthi S Jayaraj
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Diarra A, Botha H. Invasive cervical cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at Tygerberg Academic Hospital in the period 2003–2007: demographics and characteristics. SOUTHERN AFRICAN JOURNAL OF GYNAECOLOGICAL ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/20742835.2017.1333700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdiyah Diarra
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stellenbosch University/Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hennie Botha
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology Unit, Stellenbosch University/Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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Datta NR, Stutz E, Liu M, Rogers S, Klingbiel D, Siebenhüner A, Singh S, Bodis S. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy vs. radiotherapy alone in locally advanced cervix cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 145:374-385. [PMID: 28188016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CTRT) in locally advanced cervix cancer (LACC, stages IIB-IVA) is contentious. This is due to the variable extent of therapeutic benefit reported in different randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses that usually include all stages of cervix cancer. A systematic review and meta-analysis was therefore conducted to evaluate the efficacy of concurrent CTRT over radiotherapy (RT) alone, predominantly in LACC for the key endpoints; complete response (CR), long-term loco-regional control (LRC), overall survival (OS), grade III/IV acute and late toxicities. Six databases namely - PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Cochrane library were explored and supplemented by hand-searching. Only prospective randomized trials conducted in LACC between concurrent CTRT and RT alone with no surgical interventions were included. Fourteen English language articles from 1788 citations were shortlisted for the final analysis. Of the 2445 patients evaluated (CTRT: n=1217; RT: n=1228), 95.7% had LACC and 96% had a squamous cell histology. Eight studies used cisplatin alone, 4 had cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy (CT) while 2 used mitomycin-C, either alone or in combination. CTRT improved the CR (+10.2%, p=0.027), LRC (+8.4%, p<0.001) and OS (+7.5%, p<0.001) over RT alone. However a 10.4% higher incidence of grade III/IV acute toxicities (p<0.001) was also evident with CTRT. Late toxicities in both groups were equivalent. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression did not reveal any significant advantage in outcomes between the 3 CTRT regimens. Thus, although concurrent CTRT provides conclusive therapeutic benefit over RT alone in LACC, the choice of CT agents should be based on their cost-effectiveness and the anticipated expenses for the management of any associated acute toxicities. This assumes importance particularly in resource-constrained low-middle-income countries with the highest burden of LACC, where majority of the patients meet the treatment costs as out-of-pocket expenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloy Ranjan Datta
- Centre for Radiation Oncology KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.
| | - Emanuel Stutz
- Centre for Radiation Oncology KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Michael Liu
- Centre for Radiation Oncology KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Rogers
- Centre for Radiation Oncology KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Klingbiel
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), Coordinating Centre, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Shalini Singh
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Stephan Bodis
- Centre for Radiation Oncology KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
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Das S, Chandramohan A, Rami Reddy JK, Mukhopadhyay S, Kumar RM, Isiah R, John S, Oommen R, Jeyaseelan V. Role of conventional and diffusion weighted MRI in predicting treatment response after low dose radiation and chemotherapy in locally advanced carcinoma cervix. Radiother Oncol 2015; 117:288-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Demment MM, Peters K, Dykens JA, Dozier A, Nawaz H, McIntosh S, Smith JS, Sy A, Irwin T, Fogg TT, Khaliq M, Blumenfeld R, Massoudi M, De Ver Dye T. Developing the Evidence Base to Inform Best Practice: A Scoping Study of Breast and Cervical Cancer Reviews in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134618. [PMID: 26325181 PMCID: PMC4556679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast and cervical cancers have emerged as major global health challenges and disproportionately lead to excess morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) when compared to high-income countries. The objective of this paper was to highlight key findings, recommendations, and gaps in research and practice identified through a scoping study of recent reviews in breast and cervical cancer in LMICs. METHODS We conducted a scoping study based on the six-stage framework of Arskey and O'Malley. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Reviews, and CINAHL with the following inclusion criteria: 1) published between 2005-February 2015, 2) focused on breast or cervical cancer 3) focused on LMIC, 4) review article, and 5) published in English. RESULTS Through our systematic search, 63 out of the 94 identified cervical cancer reviews met our selection criteria and 36 of the 54 in breast cancer. Cervical cancer reviews were more likely to focus upon prevention and screening, while breast cancer reviews were more likely to focus upon treatment and survivorship. Few of the breast cancer reviews referenced research and data from LMICs themselves; cervical cancer reviews were more likely to do so. Most reviews did not include elements of the PRISMA checklist. CONCLUSION Overall, a limited evidence base supports breast and cervical cancer control in LMICs. Further breast and cervical cancer prevention and control studies are necessary in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M. Demment
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Karen Peters
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - J. Andrew Dykens
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ann Dozier
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Haq Nawaz
- Department of Medicine, Griffin Hospital & Yale University-Griffin Prevention Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Scott McIntosh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Jennifer S. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Angela Sy
- School of Nursing and Dental Hygiene, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Tracy Irwin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas T. Fogg
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Mahmooda Khaliq
- Department of Community and Family Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Rachel Blumenfeld
- Division of Population Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mehran Massoudi
- Division of Population Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Timothy De Ver Dye
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Srivastava K, Paul S, Chufal KS, Shamsundar SD, Lal P, Pant MC, Bhatt M, Singh S, Gupta R. Concurrent chemoradiation versus radiotherapy alone in cervical carcinoma: A randomized phase III trial. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2013; 9:349-56. [DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Srivastava
- Department of Radiotherapy; Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Sayan Paul
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Fortis Memorial Research Institute; Delhi, NCR India
| | - Kundan Singh Chufal
- Radiation Oncology Batra Cancer Centre; Batra Hospital and Medical Research Centre; New Delhi India
| | | | - Punita Lal
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences; Lucknow India
| | - Mohan C Pant
- Department of Radiotherapy; Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Madanlal Bhatt
- Department of Radiotherapy; Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Sudhir Singh
- Department of Radiotherapy; Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Department of Radiotherapy; Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University; Lucknow India
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Liu Z, Gao Y, Soong YL, Chen X, Gao F, Luo W, Sheng W, Ren J, Zhang L, Wang J. Intraoperative electron beam radiotherapy for primary treatment of stage IIB cervical cancer: a retrospective study. J Int Med Res 2013; 40:2346-54. [PMID: 23321192 DOI: 10.1177/030006051204000633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A retrospective study to evaluate intraoperative electron beam radiotherapy (IOERT) as a primary treatment modality for stage IIB cervical squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS Patients underwent treatment with IOERT (n = 78) or radical radiotherapy (RT; n = 89). Patients in the IOERT group received 20 Gy external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in 10 fractions, intracavitary brachytherapy (7-14 Gy, in patients with tumours ≥ 4 cm in diameter) and simple hysterectomy/selective lymphadenectomy with 18 - 20 Gy IOERT. Patients in the RT group received 50 Gy EBRT in 25 fractions followed by intracavitary brachytherapy (35-40 Gy). RESULTS Median duration of follow-up was 92 months. IOERT resulted in significantly better 5- and 10-year overall survival, disease-free survival and local control rates, as well as fewer rectal and bladder complications, compared with RT. CONCLUSION IOERT is an effective primary treatment for stage IIB cervical squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Koukourakis MI, Giatromanolaki A, Pitiakoudis M, Kouklakis G, Tsoutsou P, Abatzoglou I, Panteliadou M, Sismanidou K, Sivridis E, Boulikas T. Concurrent liposomal cisplatin (Lipoplatin), 5-fluorouracil and radiotherapy for the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer: a phase I/II study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 78:150-5. [PMID: 20138443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Liposomal drugs have a better tolerance profile and are highly accumulated in the tumor environment, properties that promise an optimal radiosensitization. We investigated the feasibility of the combination of 5-fluorouracil/lecovorin-based radio-chemotherapy with the administration of high weekly dose of a liposomal platinum formulation (Lipoplatin). METHODS AND MATERIALS Lipoplatin was given at a dose of 120 mg/m(2)/week, 5-fluorouracil at 400mg/m(2)/week (Day 1), whereas radiotherapy was given through 3.5-Gy fractions on Days 2, 3, and 4. Two groups of 6 patients received four and five consecutive cycles, respectively. RESULTS Minimal nephrotoxicity (18.2% Grade 1) and neutropenia (9% Grade 3) was noted. Fatigue Grade 2 appeared in 25% of cases. Abdominal discomfort was reported by 18% of patients. No liver, kidney, gastric, or intestinal severe acute or late sequellae were documented, although the median follow-up of 9 months is certainly too low to allow safe conclusions. A net improvement in the performance status (from a median of 1 to 0) was recorded 2 months after the end of therapy. The response rates assessed with computed tomography, endoscopy, and biopsies confirmed 33% (2 of 6) tumor disappearance in patients treated with four cycles, which reached 80% (4 of 5) in patients receiving five cycles. CONCLUSIONS Lipoplatin radio-chemotherapy is feasible, with minor hematological and nonhematological toxicity. The high complete response rates obtained support the testing of Lipoplatin in the adjuvant postoperative or preoperative radio-chemotherapy setting for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Koukourakis
- Departments of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Pathology and Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Zhu H, Pei HP, Zeng S, Chen J, Shen LF, Zhong MZ, Yao RJ, Shen H. Profiling protein markers associated with the sensitivity to concurrent chemoradiotherapy in human cervical carcinoma. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:3969-76. [PMID: 19507834 DOI: 10.1021/pr900287a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is recently recommended as the primary and standard treatment modality for cervical cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the protein biomarkers associated with CCRT sensitivity, so as to better understand the mechanisms underlying CCRT resistance. Fresh tumor tissues from five cases for each group of CCRT-highly sensitive (CCRT-HS) and CCRT-lowly sensitive (CCRT-LS) were analyzed by 2-D electrophoresis coupled with MALDI-TOF-MS, followed by Western blot for four candidate proteins including S100A9, galectin-7, nuclear matrix protein-238 (NMP-238), and heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70). In randomly selected CCRT-HS (n = 60) and CCRT-LS (n = 35) cases, these four differentially expressed proteins were detected by tissue microarray with immunohistochemistry staining to explore the association between these interested proteins and CCRT sensitivity. Nineteen proteins differentially expressed more than four times between two groups were identified. An association was revealed between CCRT sensitivity and increased S100A9 and galectin-7, but decreased NMP-238 and HSP-70 expression (p < 0.001, respectively). Although none of these four protein markers could be used as an independent predictive factor, a recurrence prediction model was generated by combining S100A9, galectin-7, NMP-238, and HSP-70 as a full predictive factor. The proteomic analysis combined with tissue microarray provides us a dramatic tool in predicting CCRT response. The increased expression of S100A9 and galectin-7, but decreased expression of NMP-238 and HSP-70, suggests a significantly increased sensitivity to CCRT in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Chemoradiation in Gynaecological Cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2009; 21:566-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Alves CMM, Guerra MR, Bastos RR. Tendência de mortalidade por câncer de colo de útero para o Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, 1980-2005. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2009; 25:1693-700. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2009000800005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Foi avaliada a tendência da mortalidade por câncer cervical no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, no período compreendido entre 1980-2005. Os dados demográficos e de mortalidade disponíveis na página da Internet do Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS) foram utilizados para estimar a taxa de mortalidade por câncer de colo de útero e útero porção não especificada no local e período considerados. Foi realizada regressão linear, considerando-se a taxa de mortalidade como variável resposta e o ano do diagnóstico como variável explicativa. A mortalidade variou de 9,18/100 mil em 1980 para 5,70/100 mil em 2005. O modelo log-linear revelou redução da mortalidade por câncer cervical de cerca de 1,93% ao ano na região e período avaliados (p = 0,000), sendo tal redução observada principalmente para os casos classificados como câncer de útero porção não especificada. A tendência observada de queda da mortalidade pela doença sugere melhoria no acesso a métodos de diagnóstico e tratamento oportunos e adequados em Minas Gerais nos últimos anos, embora a cobertura do rastreamento ainda seja insatisfatória.
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