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Le-Short C, Katragadda K, Nagda N, Farris D, Gelter MH. Interventional Pain Management for the Pediatric Cancer Patient: A Literature Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9030389. [PMID: 35327761 PMCID: PMC8947062 DOI: 10.3390/children9030389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
This literature review examines the use of interventional treatments for pain management in pediatric cancer patients. While interventional procedures may be effective in cancer pain management, these procedures are infrequently employed in pediatric cohorts. This underutilization of interventional procedures may be supported by a deficit in randomized, controlled studies and literature regarding their role in pediatric cancer populations. Particularly because literature on the efficacy of interventional treatments in adult populations may not directly translate to pediatric populations, more research about the role of interventional procedures in managing pediatric cancer pain is necessary for a strengthened understanding of pediatric cancer pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Le-Short
- Department of Pain Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.F.); (M.H.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kavya Katragadda
- Institute of Society and Genetics, The University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Neil Nagda
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - David Farris
- Department of Pain Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.F.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Marianne Halphen Gelter
- Department of Pain Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.F.); (M.H.G.)
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Interventional Therapies for Pain in Cancer Patients: a Narrative Review. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2021; 25:44. [PMID: 33961156 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-021-00963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pain is a prevalent symptom in the lives of patients with cancer. In light of the ongoing opioid epidemic and increasing awareness of the potential for opioid abuse and addiction, clinicians are progressively turning to interventional therapies. This article reviews the interventional techniques available to mitigate the debilitating effects that untreated or poorly treated pain have in this population. RECENT FINDINGS A range of interventional therapies and technical approaches are available for the treatment of cancer-related pain. Many of the techniques described may offer effective analgesia with less systemic toxicity and dependency than first- and second-line oral and parenteral agents. Neuromodulatory techniques including dorsal root ganglion stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation are increasingly finding roles in the management of oncologic pain. The goal of this pragmatic narrative review is to discuss interventional approaches to cancer-related pain and the potential of such therapies to improve the quality of life of cancer patients.
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Damani A, Ghoshal A, Salins N, Bhatnagar S, Sanghavi PR, Viswanath V, Ostwal S, Chinchalkar G, Vallath N. Approaches and Best Practices for Managing Cancer Pain within the Constraints of the COVID-19 Pandemic in India. Indian J Palliat Care 2020; 26:S106-S115. [PMID: 33088099 PMCID: PMC7535004 DOI: 10.4103/ijpc.ijpc_216_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic that has impacted the entire world. The Indian government has responded strongly and very stringently to the crisis, through a nationwide lockdown. The health-care (HC) systems in the country are striving hard to maintain equitable care across illness spectra, while responding the emergencies imposed by the COVID-19 crisis. Under these circumstances, guidelines for managing several diseases including that for cancer care have been modified. As modified guidelines for cancer care have their focus on disease management, cancer pain management and maintaining continuity of care for patients with advanced progressive disease have taken a backseat in the available cancer care guidelines. This article describes the challenges, approaches to solutions with evidence-based practices that can be utilized to ensure competent management of cancer pain during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. It provides an overview of adapting to telehealth consultations for identification, evaluation and management of cancer pain, safe and rational use of analgesics and adjuvant drugs, recognizing and responding to holistic care needs and addressing the total pain, ensuring continuity of pain management, and strategies when complying with narcotic drug regulations, while ensuring safety of patients and HC providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Damani
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arunangshu Ghoshal
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Naveen Salins
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sushma Bhatnagar
- Department of Onco- Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Priti R Sanghavi
- Department of Pain and Palliative Medicine, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Vidya Viswanath
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Aganampudi, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shrenik Ostwal
- Department of Pain and Palliative Medicine, Narayana Super Speciality Hospital, Andul Road, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Gauraiya Chinchalkar
- Consultant, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Indian Institute of Head and Neck Oncology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nandini Vallath
- Palliative Care Consultant-BARC Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Palliative Care Consultant and Director-Quality Improvement Hub-India, National Cancer Grid, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Aljuboori Z, Burke W, Meyer K, Williams B. Cost analysis of cordotomy and intrathecal pain pump placement for refractory cancer pain. Surg Neurol Int 2020; 11:72. [PMID: 32363067 PMCID: PMC7193211 DOI: 10.25259/sni_15_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer pain can be debilitating and 10–20% of patients will have refractory pain despite optimal medical management. Here, we present a cost comparison of treating terminal cancer patients with intravenous (IV) narcotics, anterolateral cordotomy, or intrathecal pain pump (ITPP) placement. Case Description: We evaluated and treated 2 patients with metastatic breast cancer and expected survivals of <1 year. The first patient, a 53-year-old female, had tumor invasion of the right chest wall and had failed oral pain regimens; she was admitted to receive IV Dilaudid as patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). After 7 days of treatment without improvement, she underwent a left-sided C1-2 cordotomy. For her, the cost of the cordotomy was $18,462 and the expenses for 7 days hospital stay with PCA was $89,884; the total was $108,346. The second patient, a 60-year-old female, had severe somatic pain due to invasion by tumor of the left knee cap. She, too, has failed oral therapy and was receiving in-hospital IV Dilaudid PCA. Following 2 days of failed treatment, a morphine ITPP was placed and effectively treated her pain. In patient 2, the cost of the ITPP was $80,603 and the expenses for 8 days of the hospital stay with PCA came to $84,785; the total was $165,389. Conclusion: The treatment of refractory pain in cancer patients is challenging. It requires invasive procedures such as cordotomy or ITPP. Although procedures may yield comparable pain control, there was a significant cost savings for cordotomy versus ITPP ($57,043 saved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Aljuboori
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, 220 Abraham Flexner Way, Suite 1500, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - William Burke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, 220 Abraham Flexner Way, Suite 1500, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Kimberly Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, 220 Abraham Flexner Way, Suite 1500, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Brian Williams
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, 220 Abraham Flexner Way, Suite 1500, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
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Lau J, Flamer D, Murphy-Kane P. Interventional anesthesia and palliative care collaboration to manage cancer pain: a narrative review. Can J Anaesth 2020; 67:235-246. [PMID: 31571119 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-019-01482-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is a common symptom associated with advanced cancer. An estimated 66.4% of people with advanced cancer experience pain from their disease or treatment. Pain management is an essential component of palliative care. Opioids and adjuvant therapies are the mainstay of cancer pain management. Nevertheless, a proportion of patients may experience complex pain that is not responsive to conventional analgesia. Interventional analgesia procedures may be appropriate and necessary to manage complex, cancer-related pain. This narrative review uses a theoretical case to highlight core principles of palliative care and interventional anesthesia, and the importance of collaborative, interdisciplinary care. An overview and discussion of pragmatic considerations of peripheral nervous system interventional analgesic procedures and neuraxial analgesia infusions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lau
- Department of Supportive Care, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Acute Palliative Care Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Palliative Care, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - David Flamer
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Murphy-Kane
- Department of Supportive Care, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Acute Palliative Care Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nursing, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Miller D, Nevadunsky N. Palliative Care and Symptom Management for Women with Advanced Ovarian Cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2018; 32:1087-1102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Manchikanti L, Manchikanti KN, Kaye AD, Kaye AM, Hirsch JA. Challenges and concerns of persistent opioid use in cancer patients. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 18:705-718. [PMID: 29739242 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1474103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As a result of advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, two-thirds of individuals suffering with cancer survive more than 5 years after diagnosis, resulting in a large proportion of patients with chronic cancer pain alone or associated with chronic noncancer pain. There is a paucity of literature in reference to diagnosis and management of chronic cancer pain, specifically in relation to persistent opioid use, its effectiveness, and adverse consequences. Areas covered: This review covers the prevalence of chronic cancer pain and its association with multiple comorbidities, persistent opioid use and related consequences, and challenges in managing persistent chronic cancer pain patients. In addition, discussion includes therapeutic opioid use, effectiveness of opioid therapy, assessment of risk of persistent opioid use, and guidance for responsible, persistent opioid prescribing for chronic cancer pain patients. Expert commentary: Despite extensive availability of opioids and related common adverse consequences, including the potential for escalating use, abuse, and deaths, greater awareness is needed to counteract the present atmosphere and appropriately manage patients with chronic cancer pain. Chronic cancer pain is a complex biopsychosocial phenomenon with multiple comorbidities. Opioid therapy has become extremely complex with negative connotations related to escalating abuse and related deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmaiah Manchikanti
- a Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine , Pain Management Center of Paducah , Paducah , KY , USA.,b Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine , University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA.,c Department of Anesthesiology , School of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Kavita N Manchikanti
- a Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine , Pain Management Center of Paducah , Paducah , KY , USA
| | - Alan D Kaye
- c Department of Anesthesiology , School of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center , New Orleans , LA , USA.,d Department of Pharmacology , LSU Health Science Center , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Adam M Kaye
- e Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , University of the Pacific , Stockton , CA , USA
| | - Joshua A Hirsch
- f Harvard Medical School , Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
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Patel N, Huddart M, Makins H, Mitchell T, Gibbins JL, Graterol J, Stevens D, Perkins P. 'Was it worth it?' Intrathecal analgesia for cancer pain: A qualitative study exploring the views of family carers. Palliat Med 2018; 32:287-293. [PMID: 28832240 DOI: 10.1177/0269216317723777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrathecal drug delivery is known to reduce pain in patients where conventional systemic analgesia has been ineffective or intolerable. However, there is little information regarding the effects of intrathecal drug delivery on quality of life and function in those with advanced, incurable cancer. AIM Retrospective exploration of the views of bereaved carers regarding the physical and psychosocial effects of external tunnelled intrathecal drug delivery in patients with advanced incurable cancer. DESIGN Thematic analysis of qualitative interviews with carers of deceased individuals who received percutaneous external tunnelled intrathecal drug delivery as part of their pain management, within two UK centres. SETTING A total of 11 carers were recruited from two UK Palliative Care centres. Family carers of adult patients who had received external tunnelled intrathecal drug delivery analgesia for cancer pain and had died between 6 and 48 months prior to contact were included. Carer relatives who were considered likely to be too vulnerable or who had lodged a complaint about treatment within the recruiting department or who had been treated directly by the interviewer were excluded. RESULTS In total, 11 interviews took place. The emerging themes were (1) making the decision to have the intrathecal - relatives described desperate situations with severe pain and/or sedation, meaning that the individual would try anything; (2) timing and knowing they were having the best - an increased access to pain and palliative care services, meant carers felt everything possible was being done, making the situation more bearable; (3) was it worth it? - the success of the external tunnelled intrathecal drug delivery was judged on its ability to enable the individual to be themselves through their final illness. Side effects were often considered acceptable, if the external tunnelled intrathecal drug delivery enabled improvements in quality of life. CONCLUSION Carers perceived external tunnelled intrathecal drug delivery as most valuable when it improved quality of life towards the end of life, by reducing pain and side effects of conventional systemic analgesia to enable individuals 'to be themselves'. Under these circumstances, the carers judged significant side effects to be acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishi Patel
- 1 Department of Chronic Pain, Cheltenham Hospital, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, UK
| | - Melanie Huddart
- 2 St Julia's & Mount Edgcumbe Hospices, Cornwall Hospice Care, Cornwall, UK
| | - Helen Makins
- 1 Department of Chronic Pain, Cheltenham Hospital, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, UK
| | | | - Jane L Gibbins
- 2 St Julia's & Mount Edgcumbe Hospices, Cornwall Hospice Care, Cornwall, UK
| | | | - Deborah Stevens
- 2 St Julia's & Mount Edgcumbe Hospices, Cornwall Hospice Care, Cornwall, UK
| | - Paul Perkins
- 5 Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Sue Ryder Leckhampton Court Hospice, Cheltenham, UK
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9
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Pain management: The rising role of interventional oncology. Diagn Interv Imaging 2017; 98:627-634. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Gudaitytė J, Dvylys D, Šimeliūnaitė I. Anaesthetic challenges in cancer patients: current therapies and pain management. Acta Med Litu 2017; 24:121-127. [PMID: 28845130 PMCID: PMC5566951 DOI: 10.6001/actamedica.v24i2.3493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
THE OBJECTIVE The aim is to present the major effects of cancer treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery) that the anaesthesiologist should consider preoperatively, and to review techniques of the analgesic management of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS To summarize the major challenges that cancer patients present for the anaesthesiologists, a literature review was conducted. Articles presenting evidence or reviewing the possible effects of anaesthetics on cancer cells were also included. Online databases of Science Direct, PubMed, and ELSEVIER, as well as reference lists of included studies were searched. Articles published from 2005 to 2016 were selected. RESULTS Anaesthesiologists should pay attention to patients receiving chemotherapy and its side effects on organ systems. Bleomycin causes pulmonary damage, anthracyclines are cardiotoxic, and platinum-based chemotherapy agents are nephrotoxic. A lot of chemotherapy agents lead to abnormal liver function, vomiting, diarrhoea, etc. Surgery itself is suspected to be associated with an increased risk of metastasis and recurrence of cancer. Regional anaesthesia and general anaesthesia with propofol should be used and volatile agents should be avoided to prevent cancer patients from perioperative immunosuppression that leads to increased risk of cancer recurrence. Pain management for palliative patients remains a major problem. CONCLUSIONS To provide the best treatment for cancer patients, cooperation of anaesthesiologists with oncologists and surgeons becomes imperative. It has been established that anaesthetic techniques and drugs could minimize the perioperative inflammation. However, further research of the perioperative "onco-anaesthetic" is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jūratė Gudaitytė
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dominykas Dvylys
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Indrė Šimeliūnaitė
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Scanlon MM, Gazelka HM, Moeschler SM, Hoelzer BC, Hooten WM, Bendel MA, Lamer TJ. Surgical Site Infections in Cancer Patients with Intrathecal Drug Delivery Devices. PAIN MEDICINE 2017; 18:520-525. [PMID: 27550951 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnw203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Our purpose was to determine the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) in cancer patients receiving an intrathecal drug delivery system (IDDS) and compare that rate with the incidence of SSI in the general population receiving an IDDS or spinal cord stimulator. We attempted to describe risk factors for SSIs in cancer patients treated with IDDS in terms of exposure to cancer treatments. Design Retrospective review. Setting Large tertiary care center. Patients Cancer patients receiving an IDDS in 2006-2013. Methods The incidence of SSI was determined according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definition. Medication regimens and current cancer treatment were investigated to identify immunocompromised patients during IDDS placement. Microbacteriology, treatment, and overall outcomes were investigated. Results Sixty-four patients had an IDDS implanted in 2006-2013. SSI developed in four patients (6.2%). All four patients had received chemotherapy or radiotherapy within three months before implantation. Three of the three were receiving dexamethasone, and three of the four required explantation of the IDDS. Conclusion The incidence of SSI was at the upper end of the published infection rates for IDDS. The risk of SSI may be increased in this population because of factors that alter the patient's immune status, including concomitant corticosteroid use, radiotherapy near the SSI, and presence of immunomodulators. The identification and mitigation of certain risk factors for this population may prevent infection in future patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura M Scanlon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Halena M Gazelka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Susan M Moeschler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bryan C Hoelzer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - W M Hooten
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Markus A Bendel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tim J Lamer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Encountering a Neglected Area of a Healthcare System: A Decade of Improvement in Cancer Pain Clinical Practice in Iran. Pain Ther 2016; 5:135-141. [PMID: 27515841 PMCID: PMC5130905 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-016-0055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the increase in the prevalence of cancer, cancer-related issues also deserve more attention especially in developing countries where there is already limited access to high-quality healthcare. Cancer-related pain, the most common and the most annoying one, is not only a symptom but also an important subspecialty and its management is still challenging. Objectives To assess the level of pain and cancer pain knowledge in Iran in comparison with the whole world. Materials and Method A search of the literature including papers published in PubMed before March 2016 was carried out. Results There have been an increasing number of publications on pain since 1842 and a growing number of publications on cancer pain since 1929. There has also been remarkable growth in our understanding of cancer pain, particularly since 2010. More than one-third of studies on pain and cancer-related pain were published after 2010. Conclusion There is a need to be more inventive with the management of cancer-related issues, especially pain in developing countries, to maximize the quality and quantity of healthcare delivery to cancer-stricken patients. It seems that non-governmental organizations like MAHAK can play a significant role in this goal.
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O'Brien T, Kane CM. Pain services and palliative medicine - an integrated approach to pain management in the cancer patient. Br J Pain 2015; 8:163-71. [PMID: 26516550 DOI: 10.1177/2049463714548768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of cancer patients will experience pain during the course of their illness. Thankfully, in most instances, the consistent application of analgesic guidelines, tailored to the unique needs of each individual patient, will deliver a satisfactory outcome. These guidelines recommend the skilled use of analgesic medications, often in conjunction with a range of adjuvant therapies as may be required. Despite the consistent and rational application of such strategies, it is recognised that a small but significant proportion of cancer patients continue to experience more refractory pain. In addition, these patients may experience a plethora of unwanted dose-limiting side effects associated with their analgesic medication, sometimes even at low dose. All such patients with more complex and refractory pain syndromes require a more comprehensive review and many will require interventional therapy and/or adjuvant approaches. Unfortunately, the availability and accessibility of such services are variable. Even in circumstances in which palliative medicine and pain services co-exist in the same region, there may be poor integration between the two services. Each specialty area holds a unique set of skills and competencies, yet there is considerable overlap. Patient care and outcomes will be enhanced by establishing more formal relationships between these two specialty areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony O'Brien
- Marymount University Hospital & Hospice, Cork, Ireland ; Cork University Hospital, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland ; College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Christopher M Kane
- Academic Unit of Palliative Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Feizerfan A, Antrobus JHL. Role of percutaneous cervical cordotomy in cancer pain management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/bjaceaccp/mkt033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Auret K, Schug SA. Pain management for the cancer patient - current practice and future developments. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2013; 27:545-61. [PMID: 24267557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Anaesthesiologists will be asked to provide pain management for cancer patients in the absence of more specialised services, when interventional techniques are indicated and in the postoperative period. In all these settings, the complexity of cancer pain and its psychosocial connotations need to be considered to provide appropriate and holistic care. Principles of systemic pain management, effective in most patients, continue to follow established guidelines; identification of neuropathic pain and its appropriate treatment is important here. Interventional pain relief is required in a minority of cancer patients, but it should be considered when appropriate and then done with best available expertise. Neurolytic procedures have lost importance here over the years. Postoperative pain management should be multimodal with consideration of regional techniques when applicable. In managing postoperative pain in cancer patients, opioid tolerance needs to be addressed to avoid withdrawal and poor analgesia. Preventive techniques aiming to reduce chronic postoperative pain should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Auret
- Rural Clinical School of WA, UWA Science Building M701, 35 Stirling Tce, Albany, WA 6330, Australia.
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Bain E, Hugel H, Sharma M. Percutaneous cervical cordotomy for the management of pain from cancer: a prospective review of 45 cases. J Palliat Med 2013; 16:901-7. [PMID: 23819730 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2013.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Percutaneous cervical cordotomy (PCC) is a well recognized but infrequently performed procedure for the relief of unilateral intractable pain from malignancy. There is a paucity of data regarding efficacy and safety of PCC. OBJECTIVES The study's objectives were to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of PCC in cancer pain. DESIGN The study was a prospective review of 45 cases undergoing PCC at a tertiary referral center over a three-year period. SETTINGS/SUBJECTS All patients were suffering from severe, refractory unilateral pain secondary to malignancy with poor pain relief or intolerable side effects of conventional analgesics including opioids and adjuvants. MEASUREMENTS Variables recorded preprocedure, at 2 days, and at 28 days postprocedure were numerical rating scale for maximum and average pain, oral morphine equivalent dose, and global impression of change. Adverse events and survival postprocedure were recorded. RESULTS Prospective data was obtained in 45 patients. Survival postprocedure ranged from 7 days to 33 months. There was a significant reduction from baseline in pain scores at 2 days and at 28 days postprocedure. Thirty-two patients experienced significant pain relief--average numerical rating scale (NRS) of zero--on day 2. Improvement in pain scores was sustained at 28 days. There were no serious adverse events observed such as respiratory failure. CONCLUSIONS PCC is a safe and highly effective procedure to treat intractable unilateral cancer pain. It offers significant advantages over other pain control methods. Patient selection and attention to detail is paramount for a successful outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bain
- Department of Pain Medicine, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Interventional techniques were the mainstay for cancer pain management before the WHO ladder and opioids were freely available. The three-step WHO ladder has its limitations, and cancer pain is often under treated. Advances in treatment options mean that cancer patients are living longer and pain interventions may have a role to play even early in the cancer diagnosis for better quality of analgesia. The role of high doses of opioids in pain management is also currently under scrutiny. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances in intrathecal analgesia, radiofrequency techniques, both in tumour ablation and neurotomies, are being widely used for palliation. Vertebroplasty techniques have been used not only for pain relief, but also for stabilization. Improved imaging and thoracoscopic techniques have made coeliac plexus and splanchnic blockade safer and more efficacious. There has been recent interest in percutaneous cordotomy with newer techniques using computed tomography/MRI and endoscopy guidance. Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and 8% capsaicin patches have been successfully used for managing neuropathic pain in cancer. SUMMARY Interventions form an integral part in providing pain relief in complex cancer pains. Oncologists and palliative care physicians are to be educated on the usefulness and timing of interventions in the management of complex cancer pain.
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