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Dong Y, Hu P, Song Y, Dong B, Zou Z, Wang Z, Xu R, Luo D, Gao D, Wen B, Ma Y, Ma J, Tian X, Huang X, Narayan A, Patton GC. National and Subnational Trends in Mortality and Causes of Death in Chinese Children and Adolescents Aged 5-19 Years From 1953 to 2016. J Adolesc Health 2020; 67:S3-S13. [PMID: 32665069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to analyze the recent trends of mortality and rankings of causes of death in Chinese children and adolescents from 1953 to 2016. METHODS Data on mortality and causes of death in Chinese children and adolescents aged 5-19 years were extracted from the China Health Statistics Yearbook and the Global Burden of Disease Study from 1953 to 2016. Mortality variations were analyzed by year, age, sex, province, and causes of death. RESULTS The mortality of Chinese children and adolescents aged 5-19 years declined steadily from 1953 (366.03/100,000) to 2016 (27.21), with the largest reduction in adolescents aged 15-19 years and the smallest reduction in those aged 10-14 years. Large subnational disparities for all-cause mortality existed in national 31 provinces with higher mortality in western regions compared with eastern regions, but with narrowing disparities between 1981 and 2010. Injuries dominated the causes of death compared with noncommunicable diseases and communicable, maternal and neonatal, and nutritional diseases from 1990 (58.13/100,000 vs. 32.10 and 14.31) to 2016 (22.65 vs. 13.00 and 2.93). In 2016, the leading three causes of death were road injuries (8.30/100,000), drowning (7.25), and leukemia (2.60). Drowning was the leading cause of death for 5- to 14-year-olds, but road injuries have been the leading cause for 15- to 19-year-olds of both sexes since 2010. CONCLUSIONS Although mortality in Chinese adolescents now stands at just 7% of rates in the 1950s, there is a need to address continuing inequalities across sex, economic status, and region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Peijin Hu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghe Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongbin Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dongmei Luo
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Disi Gao
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghua Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaobo Tian
- Health, Nutrition & WASH Section of UNICEF China Office, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Huang
- Health, Nutrition & WASH Section of UNICEF China Office, Beijing, China
| | - Anuradha Narayan
- Health, Nutrition & WASH Section of UNICEF China Office, Beijing, China
| | - George C Patton
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Du SX, Jia YR, Ren SQ, Gong XJ, Tang H, Wan-Shui W, Li-Ming S. The protective effects of Bacillus licheniformis preparation on gastrointestinal disorders and inflammation induced by radiotherapy in pediatric patients with central nervous system tumor. Adv Med Sci 2018; 63:134-139. [PMID: 29120854 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE we studied the effect of Bacillus licheniformis preparation (ZCS) on CNST (central nervous system tumor) patients undergoing the gastrointestinal symptoms and inflammation induced by radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS 160 CNST patients with craniospinal irradiation (CSI) treatment were divided into experiment and control group. The experiment group patients took one capsule per time of ZCS and three times a day until the end of radiotherapy, starting one day before radiotherapy. While the patients in control group were administrated placebo without any probiotics. Serum from one day before radiotherapy and the first day after radiotherapy were collected to measure the ET, CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. RESULTS More than 70% CNST pediatric patients suffered from different degrees of gastrointestinal symptoms after radiotherapy, including mouth ulcer, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. And there was an obviously increased of serum ET, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and CRP after RT. Importantly, a markedly decreased of ET, CRP and inflammatory cytokines were detected in the experiment group comparing to the control group after radiotherapy, as well as the relief of the gastrointestinal symptoms. However, improvement of probiotics (or ZCS) of the survival rate of CNST children and the recurrence of tumor are not observed in this study. CONCLUSIONS Prophylactically administrated ZCS during radiotherapy for CNST patients can relieve RT-related gastrointestinal symptoms and inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xu Du
- Department of Pediatrics, BeijingShijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Yong-Rui Jia
- Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Si-Qi Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, BeijingShijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, BeijingShijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, BeijingShijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Wu Wan-Shui
- Department of Pediatrics, BeijingShijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Sun Li-Ming
- Department of Pediatrics, BeijingShijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
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