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Parikh RR, Milgrom SA, Campbell BA. Pushing the CART to the Finish Line: Integrating Radiation Therapy Into Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy Programs to Improve Outcomes for Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:1152-1158. [PMID: 38492961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul R Parikh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
| | - Sarah A Milgrom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Belinda A Campbell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Luo H, Sun Y, Wang L, Liu H, Zhao R, Song M, Ge H. Targeting endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation pathway combined with radiotherapy enhances the immunogenicity of esophageal cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2023; 24:2166763. [PMID: 36907982 PMCID: PMC10026871 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2023.2166763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is essential for the activation of immune system against cancer. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein degradation (ERAD) inhibitors (EerI and NMS-873) in enhancing radiation-induced ICD in esophageal cancer (EC). EC cells were administered with ERAD inhibitors, radiation therapy (RT), and the combination treatment. ICD hallmarks including calreticulin (CALR), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) were detected. The efficacy of ERAD inhibitors combined with RT in stimulating ICD was analyzed. Additionally, the role of ICD hallmarks in immune cell infiltration and patient survival was investigated. Inhibiting ERAD pathways was able to stimulate ICD component emission from dying EC cells in a dose-dependent pattern. Radiation-induced ICD was significantly increased after high doses RT (≥10 Gy). ERAD inhibitor combined with moderate dose RT (≥6 Gy) was capable of stimulating increased ICD in EC cells. Dual therapy could elicit the antitumor immune response by enhancing dendritic cells maturation and phagocytosis. Further investigation revealed a significant correlation between CALR and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Low expression of ATP and HMGB1 and high expression of CALR were associated with favorable survival in patients with EC. The immunogenicityof EC can be enhanced by ERAD inhibitors combined with moderate doses of RT. ICD hallmark genes, especially CALR, are correlated to immune cell infiltration and clinical outcomes in EC. The present results demonstrated an important method to improve the immunogenicity of EC cells for enhanced antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liuxiang Wang
- Academic of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengqiu Song
- Department of Basic Medicine, China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Ge
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Rumler S. Non-cellular immunotherapies in pediatric central nervous system tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1242911. [PMID: 37885882 PMCID: PMC10598668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1242911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the second most common type of cancer and the most common cause of cancer death in pediatric patients. New therapies are desperately needed for some of the most malignant of all cancers. Immunotherapy has emerged in the past two decades as an additional avenue to augment/replace traditional therapies (such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy). This article first discusses the unique nature of the pediatric CNS immune system and how it interacts with the systemic immune system. It then goes on to review three important and widely studied types of immune therapies: checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, and radiation therapy, and touches on early studies of antibody-mediated immunogenic therapies, Finally, the article discusses the importance of combination immunotherapy for pediatric CNS tumors, and addresses the neurologic toxicities associated with immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rumler
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Zhang Y, Rahman MM, Clark PA, Sriramaneni RN, Havighurst T, Kerr CP, Zhu M, Jones J, Wang X, Kim K, Gong S, Morris ZS. In Situ Vaccination Following Intratumoral Injection of IL2 and Poly-l-lysine/Iron Oxide/CpG Nanoparticles to a Radiated Tumor Site. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37216491 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The in situ vaccine effect of radiation therapy (RT) has been shown to be limited in both preclinical and clinical settings, possibly due to the inadequacy of RT alone to stimulate in situ vaccination in immunologically "cold" tumor microenvironments (TMEs) and the mixed effects of RT in promoting tumor infiltration of both effector and suppressor immune cells. To address these limitations, we combined intratumoral injection of the radiated site with IL2 and a multifunctional nanoparticle (PIC). The local injection of these agents produced a cooperative effect that favorably immunomodulated the irradiated TME, enhancing the activation of tumor-infiltrating T cells and improving systemic anti-tumor T cell immunity. In syngeneic murine tumor models, the PIC+IL2+RT combination significantly improved the tumor response, surpassing the single or dual combinations of these treatments. Furthermore, this treatment led to the activation of tumor-specific immune memory and improved abscopal effects. Our findings suggest that this strategy can be used to augment the in situ vaccine effect of RT in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Md Mahfuzur Rahman
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Paul A Clark
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Raghava N Sriramaneni
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Thomas Havighurst
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Caroline P Kerr
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jamie Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - KyungMann Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zachary S Morris
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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Liang L, Wu X, Shi C, Wen H, Wu S, Chen J, Huang C, Wang Y, Liu Y. Synthesis and characterization of polypyridine ruthenium(II) complexes and anticancer efficacy studies in vivo and in vitro. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 236:111963. [PMID: 35988387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this article, ligand IPP (IPP = 4-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)-N,N-diphenylaniline) and its three Ru(II) complexes: [Ru(bpy)2(IPP)](ClO4)2 (1) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), [Ru(dmbpy)2(IPP)](ClO4)2 (2) (dmbpy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine), and [Ru(phen)2(IPP)](ClO4)2 (3) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) were synthesized and characterized. The anticancer activity in vitro of the complexes was investigated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The scratching and colony-forming experiments confirmed the complexes 1, 2, 3 interfered with the proliferation and migration ability of cells. The accumulation of the complexes in cells was researched and we found that these complexes directly accumulated in mitochondria, then the complexes cause a decline of the mitochondrial membrane potential and induce an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The growth of B16 cells were inhibited by 1, 2 and 3 at G0/G1 phase. Apoptosis was induced through mitochondrial pathway and the expression of apoptosis-related factors was regulated. In addition, the complexes promoted the transition of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) into the cleaved form (Cleaved PARP), downregulated the anti-apoptotic proteins, and upregulated the pro-apoptotic proteins. Consequently, complexes 1, 2 and 3 exerted their anticancer activity by regulating B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family proteins. Complex 2 showed excellent antitumor effects with a high inhibitory rate of 65.95% in vivo. Taken together, the complexes cause apoptosis in B16 cells through a ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chuanling Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Haoyu Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shouhai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, PR China.
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chunxia Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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