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Dini G, Ceccarelli S, Celi F, Semeraro CM, Gorello P, Verrotti A. Meconium aspiration syndrome: from pathophysiology to treatment. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:2023-2031. [PMID: 38576961 PMCID: PMC10990371 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is a clinical condition characterized by respiratory distress in neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF). Despite advances in obstetric practices and perinatal care, MAS remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in term and post-term newborns. Since the 1960s, there have been significant changes in the perinatal and postnatal management of infants born through MSAF. Routine endotracheal suctioning is no longer recommended in both vigorous and non-vigorous neonates with MSAF. Supportive care along with new treatments such as surfactant, inhaled nitric oxide, and high-frequency ventilation has significantly improved the outcome of MAS patients. However, determining the most appropriate approach for this condition continues to be a topic of debate. This review offers an updated overview of the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of infants with MAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Dini
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, “Santa Maria” Hospital, Terni
| | | | - Federica Celi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, “Santa Maria” Hospital, Terni
| | | | - Paolo Gorello
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia
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Adnan M, Mydam J, Hageman JR, Cohen L. Fetal Heart Tracing Patterns and the Outcomes of Newborns With Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid. Cureus 2022; 14:e24545. [PMID: 35651407 PMCID: PMC9138189 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine if the presence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) by itself or in combination with abnormal fetal heart tracing (FHT) (category II and III) is associated with poor neonatal outcomes in full-term newborns. Design/methods This is a retrospective cohort study. Cases included singleton and full-term neonates with MSAF. Cases were compared to matched controls (clear amniotic fluids) for the outcomes. SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0, Armonk, NY, USA) and SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) were used for data analysis. Results From 5512 deliveries, 210 cases (MSAF group) and 210 matched controls were identified. Cases and controls were similar in most maternal characteristics. Abnormal FHT was present in 43.2% of cases compared to 17.6% of controls (p<0.001). Low Apgar scores (<7) at one and five minutes were more common in the MSAF group (p=0.03 and 0.007, respectively). The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rate was also higher in the MSAF group (p=0.002). However, the mean hospital stay was similar in both groups (p=0.44). Twenty-two (10.5%) cases required resuscitation at birth compared to six (2.9%) controls (p=0.003). After applying the logistic regression model to adjust for the FHT pattern and Apgar scores at one minute, the association of MSAF with resuscitation lost significance. The factors associated with resuscitation requirement at birth were Apgar score at one minute (adjusted odds ratios (aOR) 4.1; 95% CI 2.8-5.1, p<0.001) and abnormal FHTs (aOR, 0.03; 95% CI 0.004-0.257, p=0.001). Conclusions Neonates born with MSAF were more likely to have abnormal FHT and require resuscitation at birth. However, after adjusting for confounding factors, abnormal FHT and one-minute Apgar scores were the only variables predictive of resuscitation needs at birth.
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Amitai Komem D, Meyer R, Yinon Y, Levin G. Prediction of meconium aspiration syndrome by data available before delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021; 158:551-556. [PMID: 34796482 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) among neonates. METHODS A retrospective case-control study in a university affiliated tertiary medical center, including all neonates born with meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) between March 2011 and March 2020. Patients were categorized by the occurrence of MAS. Demographic, pregnancy and delivery characteristics were compared between the two groups. Risk factors for MAS were analyzed. RESULTS Of 90 579 singleton deliveries, a total of 11 856 with MSAF were included. Of these newborns, 78 (0.66%) were diagnosed with MAS Four factors were independently associated with MAS: delivery at <38 0/7 weeks (aOR [95% CI]: 3.48 (1.02-11.84), P = 0.046); higher body mass index (aOR [95% CI]: 1.09 (1.02-1.16), P = 0.003); lower amniotic fluid index (aOR [95% CI]: 0.99 (0.98-0.99), P = 0.032); higher white blood cell count (aOR [95% CI]: 1.11 (1.02-1.20), P = 0.009). The presence of one, two and three of the above-mentioned risk factors yielded a risk for MAS of 0.8%, 2.5% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION We identified independent risk factors for MAS and developed a risk score calculator. This tool may assist physicians in the management of deliveries complicated by MSAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphna Amitai Komem
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,The Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Raanan Meyer
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,The Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,The Dr. Pinchas Bornstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yoav Yinon
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,The Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gabriel Levin
- The Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Nangia S, Pal MM, Saili A, Gupta U. Effect of intrapartum oropharyngeal (IP-OP) suction on meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) in developing country: A RCT. Resuscitation 2015; 97:83-7. [PMID: 26449871 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.09.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence about IP-OP suction and selective tracheal intubation in meconium stained neonates is from developed countries. Little information is available about their role in developing countries with high incidence of meconium staining and MAS. This randomized trial was planned to evaluate the effectiveness of IP-OP suction in meconium stained term neonates on prevention of MAS and reduction of its severity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Out of 540 meconium stained full term, cephalic presentation, singleton neonates without major congenital malformations born from June'08 to January'09, 31 were excluded and 509 randomized. In the intervention group IP-OP suction was done at the time of delivery of head using a 10 Fr suction catheter with a negative pressure of 100 mmHg. No IP-OP suction was performed in control group. All neonates with MSAF were assessed as vigorous or non-vigorous after birth and provided care as per NRP guidelines 2005. RESULTS Two hundred and fifty three neonates were randomized to IP-OP suction and 256 to no IP-OP suction. Eighty-two neonates (16%) developed MAS, the primary outcome parameter, with 40 infants in the intervention group (15.8%) and 42 (16.4%) in the non-intervention group (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.60-1.54). Incidence of severe MAS was comparable (3.55% vs. 2.34%) (P value=0.40). Other variables like requirement of oxygen >48 h (9.8% vs. 10.5%) and mortality (2.7% vs. 1.7%) were also comparable. CONCLUSIONS IP-OP suctioning did not reduce the incidence or severity of MAS even in a setting of high incidence of MAS in a developing country. The mortality in two groups was comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Nangia
- Department of Pediatrics, Kalawati Saran Children Hospital & Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India.
| | - Mansi M Pal
- Department of Pediatrics, Kalawati Saran Children Hospital & Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Saili
- Department of Pediatrics, Kalawati Saran Children Hospital & Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Usha Gupta
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Chettri S, Adhisivam B, Bhat BV. Endotracheal Suction for Nonvigorous Neonates Born through Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pediatr 2015; 166:1208-1213.e1. [PMID: 25661412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether endotracheal suctioning of nonvigorous infants born through meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) reduces the risk and complications of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). STUDY DESIGN Term, nonvigorous babies born through MSAF were randomized to endotracheal suction and no-suction groups (n=61 in each). Risk of MAS, complications of MAS and endotracheal suction, mortality, duration of neonatal intensive care unit stay, and neurodevelopmental outcome at 9 months were assessed. RESULTS Maternal age, consistency of meconium, mode of delivery, birth weight, sex, and Apgar scores were similar in the groups. In total, 39 (32%) neonates developed MAS and 18 (14.8%) of them died. There were no significant differences in MAS, its severity and complications, mortality, and neurodevelopmental outcome for the 2 groups. One infant had a complication of endotracheal suctioning, which was mild and transient. CONCLUSIONS The current practice of routine endotracheal suctioning for nonvigorous neonates born through MSAF should be further evaluated. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trial Registry of India: CTRI/2013/03/003469.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Chettri
- Neonatology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
| | - Bethou Adhisivam
- Neonatology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
| | - B Vishnu Bhat
- Neonatology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India.
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Lin TY, Ebb DH, Boepple PA, Thiele EA, Rincon SP, Mordes DA. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 12-2015. A newborn boy with respiratory distress, lethargy, and hypernatremia. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:1550-62. [PMID: 25875261 DOI: 10.1056/nejmcpc1400837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pariente G, Peles C, Perri ZH, Baumfeld Y, Mastrolia SA, Koifman A, Weintraub AY, Hershkovitz R. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid – risk factors and immediate perinatal outcomes among SGA infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 28:1064-7. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.942634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Amnioinfusion is thought to dilute meconium present in the amniotic fluid and so reduce the risk of meconium aspiration. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of amnioinfusion for meconium-stained liquor on perinatal outcome. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (1 December 2013). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials comparing amnioinfusion with no amnioinfusion for women in labour with moderate or thick meconium staining of the amniotic fluid. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three review authors independently assessed eligibility and trial quality, and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS Fourteen studies of variable quality (4435 women) are included.Subgroup analysis was performed for studies from settings with limited facilities to monitor the baby's condition during labour and intervene effectively, and settings with standard peripartum surveillance.Settings with standard peripartum surveillance: there was considerable heterogeneity for several outcomes. There was no significant reduction in the primary outcomes meconium aspiration syndrome, perinatal death or severe morbidity, and maternal death or severe morbidity. There was a reduction in caesarean sections (CSs) for fetal distress but not overall. Meconium below the vocal cords diagnosed by laryngoscopy was reduced, as was neonatal ventilation or neonatal intensive care unit admission, but there was no significant reduction in perinatal deaths or other morbidity. Planned sensitivity analysis excluding trials with greater risk of bias resulted in an absence of benefits for any of the outcomes studied.Settings with limited peripartum surveillance: three studies were included. In the amnioinfusion group there was a reduction in CS for fetal distress and overall; meconium aspiration syndrome (three studies, 1144 women; risk ratio (RR) 0.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.05 to 0.52); perinatal mortality (three studies, 1151 women; RR 0.24, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.53) and neonatal ventilation or neonatal intensive care unit admission. In one of the studies, meconium below the vocal cords was reduced and, in the other, neonatal encephalopathy was reduced. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Amnioinfusion is associated with substantive improvements in perinatal outcome only in settings where facilities for perinatal surveillance are limited. It is not clear whether the benefits are due to dilution of meconium or relief of oligohydramnios.In settings with standard peripartum surveillance, some non-substantive outcomes were improved in the initial analysis, but sensitivity analysis excluding trials with greater risk of bias eliminated these differences. Amnioinfusion is either ineffective in this setting, or its effects are masked by other strategies to optimise neonatal outcome.The trials reviewed are too small to address the possibility of rare but serious maternal adverse effects of amnioinfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Justus Hofmeyr
- University of the Witwatersrand, University of Fort Hare, Eastern Cape Department of HealthDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East London Hospital ComplexFrere and Cecilia Makiwane HospitalsPrivate Bag X 9047East LondonEastern CapeSouth Africa5200
| | - Hairong Xu
- Université de MontréalDépartement d'Obstétrique‐GynécologieHôpital Sainte‐Justine, Bureau 49743175 Chemin de la côte Sainte‐CatherineMontréalProvince of QuebecCanadaH3T 1C5
| | - Ahizechukwu C Eke
- Michigan State University School of Medicine/Sparrow HospitalDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology1322 East Michigan AvenueSuite 220LansingMichiganUSA48912
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Navarro Suay R, Escosa García L, Castillejo Pérez S, García Anaya MP. [Triple venous access during recovery in the delivery room of a neonate with breathing difficulties due to meconium in the amniotic fluid]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 61:406-7. [PMID: 24246963 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Navarro Suay
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Madrid, España.
| | - L Escosa García
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Madrid, España
| | - S Castillejo Pérez
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Madrid, España
| | - M P García Anaya
- Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Madrid, España
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Oh SY, Roh CR. Contemporary medical understanding of the 'no-fault accident' during birth: amniotic fluid embolism, pulmonary embolism, meconium aspiration syndrome, and cerebral palsy. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2013. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2013.56.9.784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Young Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheong-Rae Roh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Swarnam K, Soraisham AS, Sivanandan S. Advances in the management of meconium aspiration syndrome. Int J Pediatr 2011; 2012:359571. [PMID: 22164183 PMCID: PMC3228378 DOI: 10.1155/2012/359571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is a common cause of severe respiratory distress in term infants, with an associated highly variable morbidity and mortality. MAS results from aspiration of meconium during intrauterine gasping or during the first few breaths. The pathophysiology of MAS is multifactorial and includes acute airway obstruction, surfactant dysfunction or inactivation, chemical pneumonitis with release of vasoconstrictive and inflammatory mediators, and persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (PPHN). This disorder can be life threatening, often complicated by respiratory failure, pulmonary air leaks, and PPHN. Approaches to the prevention of MAS have changed over time with collaboration between obstetricians and pediatricians forming the foundations for care. The use of surfactant and inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) has led to the decreased mortality and the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use. In this paper, we review the current understanding of the pathophysiology and management of MAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamala Swarnam
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Amuchou S. Soraisham
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
- Department of Pediatrics, Foothills Medical Centre, Rm C211 1403-29th Street NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 2T9
| | - Sindhu Sivanandan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
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Abstract
The following guidelines are intended for practitioners responsible for resuscitating neonates. They apply primarily to neonates undergoing transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life. The updated guidelines on Neonatal Resuscitation have assimilated the latest evidence in neonatal resuscitation. Important changes with regard to the old guidelines and recommendations for daily practice are provided. Current controversial issues concerning neonatal resuscitation are reviewed and argued in the context of the ILCOR 2005 consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu A Chadha
- Department of Anaesthesiology, B J Medical College, Ahmedabad - 38 0016, India
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13
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Amnioinfusion is thought to dilute meconium present in the amniotic fluid and so reduce the risk of meconium aspiration. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of amnioinfusion for meconium-stained liquor on perinatal outcome. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (May 2009). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials comparing amnioinfusion with no amnioinfusion for women in labour with moderate or thick meconium-staining of the amniotic fluid. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors assessed eligibility and trial quality, and extracted data, independently. MAIN RESULTS Thirteen studies of variable quality (4143 women) are included.Subgroup analysis was performed for studies from settings with limited facilities to monitor the baby's condition during labour and intervene effectively, and settings with standard peripartum surveillance.Settings with standard peripartum surveillance: there was considerable heterogeneity for several outcomes. There was no significant reduction in the primary outcomes meconium aspiration syndrome, perinatal death or severe morbidity, and maternal death or severe morbidity. There was a reduction in caesarean sections (CSs) for fetal distress but not overall. Meconium below the vocal cords diagnosed by laryngoscopy was reduced, as was neonatal ventilation or neonatal intensive care unit admission, but there was no significant reduction in perinatal deaths or other morbidity. Planned sensitivity analysis excluding trials with greater risk of bias resulted in an absence of benefits for any of the outcomes studied.Settings with limited peripartum surveillance: two studies (855 women) were included. In the amnioinfusion group there was a reduction in CS for fetal distress and overall; meconium aspiration syndrome (RR 0.25, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.47), and neonatal ventilation or neonatal intensive care unit admission; and a trend towards reduced perinatal mortality (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.01). In one of the studies, meconium below the vocal cords was reduced and, in the other, neonatal encephalopathy was reduced. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Amnioinfusion is associated with substantive improvements in perinatal outcome only in settings where facilities for perinatal surveillance are limited. It is not clear whether the benefits are due to dilution of meconium or relief of oligohydramnios.In settings with standard peripartum surveillance, some non-substantive outcomes were improved in the initial analysis, but sensitivity analysis excluding trials with greater risk of bias eliminated these differences. Amnioinfusion is either ineffective in this setting, or its effects are masked by other strategies to optimise neonatal outcome.The trials reviewed are too small to address the possibility of rare but serious maternal adverse effects of amnioinfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Justus Hofmeyr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East London Hospital Complex, University of the Witwatersrand, University of Fort Hare, Eastern Cape Department of Health, Frere and Cecilia Makiwane Hospitals, Private Bag X 9047, East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa, 5200
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van den Dungen FAM, van Veenendaal MB, Mulder ALM. Clinical practice: neonatal resuscitation. A Dutch consensus. Eur J Pediatr 2010; 169:521-7. [PMID: 19841940 PMCID: PMC2835731 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-009-1091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The updated Dutch guidelines on Neonatal Resuscitation assimilate the latest evidence in neonatal resuscitation. Important changes with regard to the 2004 guidelines and controversial issues concerning neonatal resuscitation are reviewed, and recommendations for daily practice are provided and argued in the context of the ILCOR 2005 consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A. M. van den Dungen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte B. van Veenendaal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. L. M. Mulder
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
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The active management of impending cephalopelvic disproportion in nulliparous women at term: a case series. J Pregnancy 2010; 2010:708615. [PMID: 21490742 PMCID: PMC3065844 DOI: 10.1155/2010/708615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The Active Management of Risk in Pregnancy at Term (AMOR-IPAT) protocol has been associated in several studies with significant reductions of group cesarean delivery rate. Present within each of these studies were nulliparous women with risk factors for cephalopelvic disproportion. Risk factors for cephalopelvic disproportion in nulliparous women are especially important because they represent the precursors for the most common indication for primary cesarean delivery. Cases. Three examples of exposure of urban nulliparous women to the AMOR-IPAT protocol are presented. Each woman's risk factor profile for Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) was used to estimate her Upper Limit of Optimal Time of Vaginal Delivery for CPD (UL-OTDcpd). Labor management and clinical outcomes for each case are presented. A simple table summarizing induction rates and birth outcome rates of exposed versus nonexposed nulliparous women is also presented. Conclusion. Because the mode of delivery of the first birth substantially impacts birth options in later pregnancies, the impact of AMOR-IPAT on nulliparous patients is particularly important. Determining the UL-OTDcpd in nulliparous patients, and carefully inducing each patient who has not entered labor by her UL-OTDcpd, may be an effective way of lowering rates of cesarean delivery in nulliparous women.
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Jones J, Rios R, Jones M, Lewis D, Plate C. Determination of amphetamine and methamphetamine in umbilical cord using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:3701-6. [PMID: 19783234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of meconium as a drug-screening matrix for newborns has been the gold standard of care for the past two decades. A recent study using matched pairs of meconium and umbilical cord demonstrated a high degree of agreement. The use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as a means to confirm amphetamines presumptive positive umbilical cord specimens for amphetamine and methamphetamine is described here for the first time. The limit of detection for both compounds was 0.2 ng/g. The limit of quantitation for both compounds was 0.6 ng/g. The assay was linear for both compounds up to 100 ng/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Jones
- United States Drug Testing Laboratories, Des Plaines, IL 60018, United States.
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Gursoy T, Tekİnalp G, Yİgİt S, Kİrazlİ S, Korkmaz A, Gurgey A. Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor activity (TAFIa) levels in neonates with meconium-stained amniotic fluid. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2009; 21:123-8. [DOI: 10.1080/14767050801891135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Neonatal resuscitation is an attempt to facilitate the dynamic transition from fetal to neonatal physiology. This article outlines the current practices in delivery room management of the neonate. Developments in cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques for term and preterm infants and advances in the areas of cerebral resuscitation and thermoregulation are reviewed. Resuscitation in special circumstances (such as the presence of congenital anomalies) are also covered. The importance of communication with other members of the health care team and the family is discussed. Finally, future trends in neonatal resuscitation are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand K Rajani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Abstract
Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is one of the most common conditions associated with aspiration during the newborn period. MAS can be defined as respiratory distress in a neonate born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAE) with symptoms that cannot otherwise be explained. It can be characterized by early onset of respiratory distress in term and near-term infants delivered through MSAE. Early presentation includes respiratory symptoms such as respiratory distress, poor lung compliance, hypoxemia, and radiographic findings of hyperinflation and patchy opacifications. This article discusses the pathophysiologv of MAS, historical and current prevention strategies, current management strategies, and prognoses for infants born through MSAE.
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Escobedo M. Moving from experience to evidence: changes in US Neonatal Resuscitation Program based on International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Review. J Perinatol 2008; 28 Suppl 1:S35-40. [PMID: 18446175 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2008.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Neonatal Workgroup of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation recently made available their rigorous review of the scientific evidence base for selected neonatal resuscitation issues. The Neonatal Resuscitation Program guidelines have been recently revised based on that review and published as the Textbook of Neonatal Resuscitation, 5th edn. This review article highlights pertinent changes in recommendations, including revisions in: oxygen use; CO(2) detectors for confirmation of intubation; management of the infant born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid; initial ventilation devices and strategies; thermal protection of very small preterm infants; medications, including doses and routes of delivery; postresuscitation therapies for consideration and ethical issues in initiation and discontinuation of resuscitation. Journal of Perinatology (2008) 28, S35-S40; doi:10.1038/jp.2008.48.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Escobedo
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Zupan Simunek V. Définition de l’asphyxie intrapartum et conséquences sur le devenir. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 37 Suppl 1:S7-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2007.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chabernaud JL. Prise en charge périnatale des enfants nés avec un liquide méconial. Arch Pediatr 2007; 14:1389-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Revised: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mercer JS, Erickson-Owens DA, Graves B, Haley MM. Evidence-based practices for the fetal to newborn transition. J Midwifery Womens Health 2007; 52:262-72. [PMID: 17467593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmwh.2007.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Many common care practices during labor, birth, and the immediate postpartum period impact the fetal to neonatal transition, including medication used during labor, suctioning protocols, strategies to prevent heat loss, umbilical cord clamping, and use of 100% oxygen for resuscitation. Many of the care practices used to assess and manage a newborn immediately after birth have not proven efficacious. No definitive outcomes have been obtained from studies on maternal analgesia effects on the newborn. Although immediate cord clamping is common practice, recent evidence from large randomized, controlled trials suggests that delayed cord clamping may protect the infant against anemia. Skin-to-skin care of the newborn after birth is recommended as the mainstay of newborn thermoregulation and care. Routine suctioning of infants at birth was not been found to be beneficial. Neither amnioinfusion, suctioning of meconium-stained babies after the birth of the head, nor intubation and suctioning of vigorous infants prevents meconium aspiration syndrome. The use of 100% oxygen at birth to resuscitate a newborn causes increased oxidative stress and does not appear to offer benefits over room air. This review of evidence on newborn care practices reveals that more often than not, less intervention is better. The recommendations support a gentle, physiologic birth and family-centered care of the newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith S Mercer
- Nurse-Midwifery Program, University of Rhode Island College of Nursing, Kingston, RI 02881-2021, USA.
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Chemin A, Thionois S, Saliba E, Cantagrel S. Prise en charge précoce des enfants nés avec un liquide méconial: enquête dans les maternités françaises. Arch Pediatr 2007; 14:150-6. [PMID: 17049438 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2006.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2006] [Accepted: 08/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The meconium aspiration syndrome is the first cause of respiratory distress in full term newborns. At birth, management includes systematical oropharyngeal suctioning, before and after shoulders delivery, followed by tracheal suction. During last 10 years, many trials were published which discuss again the value of this strategy. AIM To assess practices of the current management of births with a meconial amniotic liquid in the French maternities. METHODS Observational survey by written questionnaires sent to the 617 French maternities. RESULTS The rate of answers was of 54.3%. The incidence of the births presenting a meconial amniotic fluid was of 8.2%, complicated of meconium aspiration syndrome in 4.7%. In case of birth with presence of a meconial amniotic liquid, half of the maternities resorted systematically to oropharyngeal suctioning before shoulders delivery. A glottis exposition under laryngoscopy was practiced of principle for half of the newborn. Tracheal suctioning was achieved systematically in a quarter of the establishments. These techniques, with the exception of suctioning before clearing of the shoulders, were especially been achieved in a systematic way in the maternities of I and II A levels. CONCLUSION This survey shows the necessity of harmonization of the practices in France for the management of the births with a meconial amniotic liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chemin
- Service de réanimation pédiatrique et néonatologie, hôpital Clocheville, 49, boulevard Béranger, 37000 Tours, France.
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