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Corthésy B, Monnerat J, Lötscher M, Vonarburg C, Schaub A, Bioley G. Oral Passive Immunization With Plasma-Derived Polyreactive Secretory-Like IgA/M Partially Protects Mice Against Experimental Salmonellosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2970. [PMID: 30619327 PMCID: PMC6305475 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulins have a critical role in defense of the gastrointestinal tract and are known to act by preventing bacterial acquisition. A stringent murine model of bacterial infection with Salmonella enterica Typhimurium was used to examine protection mediated by oral passive immunization with human plasma-derived polyreactive IgA and IgM antibodies (Abs) reconstituted as secretory-like immunoglobulins (SCIgA/M). This reagent has been shown to trigger Salmonella agglutination and to limit the entry of bacterium into intestinal Peyer's patches via immune exclusion. We now demonstrate that upon administration into ligated intestinal loops, SCIgA/M properly anchors in the mucus and is protected from degradation to a better extent that IgA/M or IgG. Moreover, prophylactic oral administration of SCIgA/M before intragastric infection of mice with a virulent strain of S. enterica Typhimurium allows to protect infected animals, as reflected by reduced colonization of both mucosal and systemic compartments, and conserved integrity of intestinal tissues. In comparison with IgA/M or IgG administration, SCIgA/M provided the highest degree of protection. Moreover, such protective efficacy is also observed after therapeutic oral delivery of SCIgA/M. Either prophylactic or therapeutic treatment with passively delivered SCIgA/M ensured survival of up to 50% of infected mice, while untreated animals all died. Our findings unravel the potential of oral passive immunization with plasma-derived polyreactive SCIgA/M Abs to fight gastrointestinal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise Corthésy
- R&D Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Justine Monnerat
- R&D Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Épalinges, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Gilles Bioley
- R&D Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Épalinges, Switzerland
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Davis NL, Wiener J, Juliano JJ, Adair L, Chasela CS, Kayira D, Hudgens MG, van der Horst C, Jamieson DJ, Kourtis AP. Co-trimoxazole Prophylaxis, Asymptomatic Malaria Parasitemia, and Infectious Morbidity in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Exposed, Uninfected Infants in Malawi: The BAN Study. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 65:575-580. [PMID: 28444232 PMCID: PMC5850033 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed infants are disproportionately at risk of morbidity and mortality compared with their HIV-unexposed counterparts. The role of co-trimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) in reducing leading causes of infectious morbidity is unclear. Methods We used data from the Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals and Nutrition (BAN) clinical trial (conducted 2004-2010, Malawi) to assess the association of (1) CPT and (2) asymptomatic malaria parasitemia with respiratory and diarrheal morbidity in infants. In June 2006, all HIV-exposed infants in BAN began receiving CPT (240 mg) from 6 to 36 weeks of age, or until weaning occurred and HIV infection was ruled out. All HIV-exposed, uninfected infants (HEIs) at 8 weeks of age (n = 1984) were included when CPT was the exposure. A subset of HEIs (n = 471) were tested for malarial parasitemia using dried blood spots from 12, 24, and 36 weeks of age. Cox proportional hazards models for recurrent gap-time data were used to examine the association of time-varying exposures on morbidity. Results CPT was associated with a 36% reduction in respiratory morbidity (hazard ratio [HR], 0.64 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .60-.69]) and a 41% reduction in diarrheal morbidity (HR, 0.59 [95% CI, .54-.65]). Having asymptomatic malaria parasitemia was associated with a 40% increase in respiratory morbidity (HR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.13-1.74]) and a 50% increase in diarrheal morbidity (HR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.09-2.06]), after adjusting for CPT. Conclusions CPT may have an important role to play in reducing the leading global causes of morbidity and mortality in the growing population of HEIs in malaria-endemic resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Davis
- Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey Wiener
- Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jonathan J Juliano
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Linda Adair
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Charles S Chasela
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, South Africa
| | | | - Michael G Hudgens
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Denise J Jamieson
- Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Athena P Kourtis
- Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Williamson AL, Rybicki EP. Justification for the inclusion of Gag in HIV vaccine candidates. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015; 15:585-98. [PMID: 26645951 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2016.1129904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines need to elicit a range of responses, including neutralising antibodies and T-cells. In natural HIV infections, immune responses to Gag are associated with lower viral load in infected individuals, and these responses can be measured against infected cells before the replication of HIV. Priming immune responses to Gag with DNA or recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines, and boosting with Gag virus-like particles as subunit vaccines or Gag produced in vivo by other vaccine vectors, elicits high-magnitude, broad polyfunctional responses, with memory T-cell responses appropriate for virus control. This review provides justification for the inclusion of HIV Gag in vaccine regimens, either as a transgene expressing protein that may assemble to form budded particles, or as purified virus-like particles. Possible benefits would include early control via CD8(+) T-cells at the site of infection, control of spread from the entry portal, and control of viraemia if infection is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lise Williamson
- a Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa.,b National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town and Department of Pathology , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Edward P Rybicki
- a Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa.,c Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
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Pereira NZ, Cardoso EC, Oliveira LMDS, de Lima JF, Branco ACCC, Ruocco RMDSA, Zugaib M, de Oliveira Filho JB, Duarte AJDS, Sato MN. Upregulation of innate antiviral restricting factor expression in the cord blood and decidual tissue of HIV-infected mothers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84917. [PMID: 24367701 PMCID: PMC3867518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Programs for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV have reduced the transmission rate of perinatal HIV infection and have thereby increased the number of HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants. Natural immunity to HIV-1 infection in both mothers and newborns needs to be further explored. In this study, we compared the expression of antiviral restricting factors in HIV-infected pregnant mothers treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) in pregnancy (n=23) and in cord blood (CB) (n=16), placental tissues (n=10-13) and colostrum (n=5-6) samples and compared them to expression in samples from uninfected (UN) pregnant mothers (n=21). Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were prepared from maternal and CB samples following deliveries by cesarean section. Maternal (decidua) and fetal (chorionic villus) placental tissues were obtained, and colostrum was collected 24 h after delivery. The mRNA and protein expression levels of antiviral factors were then evaluated. We observed a significant increase in the mRNA expression levels of antiviral factors in MNCs from HIV-infected mothers and CB, including the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme 3G (A3G), A3F, tripartite motif family-5α (TRIM-5α), TRIM-22, myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA), stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING) and IFN-β, compared with the levels detected in uninfected (UN) mother-CB pairs. Moreover, A3G transcript and protein levels and α-defensin transcript levels were decreased in the decidua of HIV-infected mothers. Decreased TRIM-5α protein levels in the villi and increased STING mRNA expression in both placental tissues were also observed in HIV-infected mothers compared with uninfected (UN) mothers. Additionally, colostrum cells from infected mothers showed increased tetherin and IFN-β mRNA levels and CXCL9 protein levels. The data presented here indicate that antiviral restricting factor expression can be induced in utero in HIV-infected mothers. Future studies are warranted to determine whether this upregulation of antiviral factors during the perinatal period has a protective effect against HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nátalli Zanete Pereira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Medical School, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina Cardoso
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Medical School, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luanda Mara da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Medical School, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josenilson Feitosa de Lima
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Medical School, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Cláudia Calvielli Castelo Branco
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Medical School, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria de Souza Aveiro Ruocco
- Hospital das Clínicas, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zugaib
- Hospital das Clínicas, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Medical School, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Medical School, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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TLR7/TLR8 Activation Restores Defective Cytokine Secretion by Myeloid Dendritic Cells but Not by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women and Newborns. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67036. [PMID: 23826189 PMCID: PMC3694931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 has been significantly reduced with the use of antiretroviral therapies, resulting in an increased number of HIV-exposed uninfected infants. The consequences of HIV infection on the innate immune system of both mother-newborn are not well understood. In this study, we analyzed peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood (CB) collected from HIV-1-infected and uninfected pregnant women. We measured TNF-α, IL-10 and IFN-α secretion after the stimulation of the cells with agonists of both extracellular Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (TLR2, TLR4 and TLR5) and intracellular TLRs (TLR7, TLR7/8 and TLR9). Moreover, as an indicator of the innate immune response, we evaluated the responsiveness of myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) to TLRs that are associated with the antiviral response. Our results showed that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HIV-1-infected mothers and CB were defective in TNF-α production after activation by TLR2, TLR5, TLR3 and TLR7. However, the TNF-α response was preserved after TLR7/8 (CL097) stimulation, mainly in the neonatal cells. Furthermore, only CL097 activation was able to induce IL-10 and IFN-α secretion in both maternal and CB cells in the infected group. An increase in IFN-α secretion was observed in CL097-treated CB from HIV-infected mothers compared with control mothers. The effectiveness of CL097 stimulation was confirmed by observation of similar mRNA levels of interferon regulatory factor-7 (IRF-7), IFN-α and TNF-α in PBMCs of both groups. The function of both mDCs and pDCs was markedly compromised in the HIV-infected group, and although TLR7/TLR8 activation overcame the impairment in TNF-α secretion by mDCs, such stimulation was unable to reverse the dysfunctional type I IFN response by pDCs in the HIV-infected samples. Our findings highlight the dysfunction of innate immunity in HIV-infected mother-newborn pairs. The activation of the TLR7/8 pathway could function as an adjuvant to improve maternal-neonatal innate immunity.
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Rigato PO, Maciel M, Goldoni AL, Piubelli OG, Orii NM, Marques ET, August JT, Duarte AJDS, Sato MN. Maternal LAMP/p55gagHIV-1 DNA immunization induces in utero priming and a long-lasting immune response in vaccinated neonates. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31608. [PMID: 22355381 PMCID: PMC3280311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infants born to HIV-infected mothers are at high risk of becoming infected during gestation or the breastfeeding period. A search is thus warranted for vaccine formulations that will prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission. The LAMP/gag DNA chimeric vaccine encodes the HIV-1 p55gag fused to the lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1) and has been shown to enhance anti-Gag antibody (Ab) and cellular immune responses in adult and neonatal mice; such a vaccine represents a new concept in antigen presentation. In this study, we evaluated the effect of LAMP/gag DNA immunization on neonates either before conception or during pregnancy. LAMP/gag immunization of BALB/c mice before conception by the intradermal route led to the transfer of anti-Gag IgG1 Ab through the placenta and via breastfeeding. Furthermore, there were an increased percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells in the spleens of neonates. When offspring were immunized with LAMP/gag DNA, the anti-Gag Ab response and the Gag-specific IFN-γ-secreting cells were decreased. Inhibition of anti-Gag Ab production and cellular responses were not observed six months after immunization, indicating that maternal immunization did not interfere with the long-lasting memory response in offspring. Injection of purified IgG in conjunction with LAMP/gag DNA immunization decreased humoral and cytotoxic T-cell responses. LAMP/gag DNA immunization by intradermal injection prior to conception promoted the transfer of Ab, leading to a diminished response to Gag without interfering with the development of anti-Gag T- and B-cell memory. Finally, we assessed responses after one intravenous injection of LAMP/gag DNA during the last five days of pregnancy. The intravenous injection led to in utero immunization. In conclusion, DNA vaccine enconding LAMP-1 with Gag and other HIV-1 antigens should be considered in the development of a protective vaccine for the maternal/fetal and newborn periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ordonhez Rigato
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton Maciel
- Enteric Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Adriana Letícia Goldoni
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orlando Guerra Piubelli
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Noemia Mie Orii
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Torres Marques
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Center for Vaccine Research, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joseph Thomas August
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Breastfeeding and Transmission of HIV-1: Epidemiology and Global Magnitude. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 743:3-25. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-2251-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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