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Abebe BK, Wang J, Guo J, Wang H, Li A, Zan L. A review of emerging technologies, nutritional practices, and management strategies to improve intramuscular fat composition in beef cattle. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2388704. [PMID: 39133095 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2388704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The flavour, tenderness and juiciness of the beef are all impacted by the composition of the intramuscular fat (IMF), which is a key determinant of beef quality. Thus, enhancing the IMF composition of beef cattle has become a major area of research. Consequently, the aim of this paper was to provide insight and synthesis into the emerging technologies, nutritional practices and management strategies to improve IMF composition in beef cattle. This review paper examined the current knowledge of management techniques and nutritional approaches relevant to cattle farming in the beef industry. It includes a thorough investigation of animal handling, weaning age, castration, breed selection, sex determination, environmental factors, grazing methods, slaughter weight and age. Additionally, it rigorously explored dietary energy levels and optimization of fatty acid profiles, as well as the use of feed additives and hormone implant techniques with their associated regulations. The paper also delved into emerging technologies that are shaping future beef production, such as genomic selection methods, genome editing techniques, epigenomic analyses, microbiome manipulation strategies, transcriptomic profiling approaches and metabolomics analyses. In conclusion, a holistic approach combining genomic, nutritional and management strategies is imperative for achieving targeted IMF content and ensuring high-quality beef production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belete Kuraz Abebe
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Animal Science, Werabe University, Werabe, Ethiopia
| | - Jianfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Juntao Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Anning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Pérez-Prieto I, Plaza-Florido A, Ubago-Guisado E, Ortega FB, Altmäe S. Physical activity, sedentary behavior and microbiome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport 2024:S1440-2440(24)00227-5. [PMID: 39048485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on human health are well known, however, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Growing evidence points to physical activity as an important modulator of the composition and function of microbial communities, while evidence of sedentary behavior is scarce. We aimed to synthesize and meta-analyze the current evidence about the effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on microbiome across different body sites and in different populations. METHODS A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane databases was conducted until September 2022. Random-effects meta-analyses including cross-sectional studies (active vs. inactive/athletes vs. non-athletes) or trials reporting the chronic effect of physical activity interventions on gut microbiome alpha-diversity in healthy individuals were performed. RESULTS Ninety-one studies were included in this systematic review. Our meta-analyses of 2632 participants indicated no consistent effect of physical activity on microbial alpha-diversity, although there seems to be a trend toward a higher microbial richness in athletes compared to non-athletes. Most of studies reported an increase in short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria such as Akkermansia, Faecalibacterium, Veillonella or Roseburia in active individuals and after physical activity interventions. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity levels were positively associated with the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. Athletes seem to have a richer microbiome compared to non-athletes. However, high heterogeneity between studies avoids obtaining conclusive information on the role of physical activity in microbial composition. Future multi-omics studies would enhance our understanding of the molecular effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Pérez-Prieto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain.
| | - Abel Plaza-Florido
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain; Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, UC Irvine School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Esther Ubago-Guisado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Signe Altmäe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Catalano M, Iannone LF, Nesi G, Nobili S, Mini E, Roviello G. Immunotherapy-related biomarkers: Confirmations and uncertainties. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 192:104135. [PMID: 37717881 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy profoundly changed oncology treatment, becoming one of the main therapeutical strategies. Remarkable improvement has been achieved in survival outcomes, but the percentage of patients who benefit from immunotherapy is still limited. Only one-third of patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) achieve long-term response. Several patients are not responsive to treatment or relapse after an initial response. To date, programmed death-ligand 1, microsatellite instability, and tumor mutational burden are the three biomarkers validated to predict the ICIs response, but a single variable seems still insufficient in the patient's selection. Considering the substantial and increasing use of these drugs, the identification of new predictive biomarkers of ICI response is of paramount importance. We summarize the state of the art and the clinical use of immune biomarkers in oncology, highlighting the strength and weaknesses of currently approved biomarkers, describing the emerging tissues and circulating biomarkers, and outlining future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Catalano
- 1 Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Luigi Francesco Iannone
- 1 Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella Nesi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Stefania Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Mini
- 1 Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- 1 Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
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Zhou X, Wang B, Demkowicz PC, Johnson JS, Chen Y, Spakowicz DJ, Zhou Y, Dorsett Y, Chen L, Sodergren E, Kuchel GA, Weinstock GM. Exploratory studies of oral and fecal microbiome in healthy human aging. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:1002405. [PMID: 36338834 PMCID: PMC9631447 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.1002405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence has linked an altered host fecal microbiome composition with health status, common chronic diseases, and institutionalization in vulnerable older adults. However, fewer studies have described microbiome changes in healthy older adults without major confounding diseases or conditions, and the impact of aging on the microbiome across different body sites remains unknown. Using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, we reconstructed the composition of oral and fecal microbiomes in young (23-32; mean = 25 years old) and older (69-94; mean = 77 years old) healthy community-dwelling research subjects. In both body sites, we identified changes in minor bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) between young and older subjects. However, the composition of the predominant bacterial species of the healthy older group in both microbiomes was not significantly different from that of the young cohort, which suggests that dominant bacterial species are relatively stable with healthy aging. In addition, the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic genera, such as Rothia and Mycoplasma, was enriched in the oral microbiome of the healthy older group relative to the young cohort. We also identified several OTUs with a prevalence above 40% and some were more common in young and others in healthy older adults. Differences with aging varied for oral and fecal samples, which suggests that members of the microbiome may be differentially affected by aging in a tissue-specific fashion. This is the first study to investigate both oral and fecal microbiomes in the context of human aging, and provides new insights into interactions between aging and the microbiome within two different clinically relevant sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Baohong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Patrick C. Demkowicz
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jethro S. Johnson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- Oxford Centre for Microbiome Studies, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yanfei Chen
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Daniel J. Spakowicz
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Yair Dorsett
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Lei Chen
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Erica Sodergren
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - George A. Kuchel
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
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Ahmed E, Hens K. Microbiome in Precision Psychiatry: An Overview of the Ethical Challenges Regarding Microbiome Big Data and Microbiome-Based Interventions. AJOB Neurosci 2022; 13:270-286. [PMID: 34379050 DOI: 10.1080/21507740.2021.1958096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been a spurt in both fundamental and translational research that examines the underlying mechanisms of the human microbiome in psychiatric disorders. The personalized and dynamic features of the human microbiome suggest the potential of its manipulation for precision psychiatry in ways to improve mental health and avoid disease. However, findings in the field of microbiome also raise philosophical and ethical questions. From a philosophical point of view, they may yet be another attempt at providing a biological cause for phenomena that ultimately cannot be so easily localized. From an ethical point of view, it is relevant that the human gut microbiome comprises data on the individual's lifestyle, disease history, previous medications, and mental health. Massive datasets of microbiome sequences are collected to facilitate comparative studies to identify specific links between the microbiome and mental health. Although this emerging research domain may show promise for psychiatric patients, it is surrounded by ethical challenges regarding patient privacy, health risks, effects on personal identity, and concerns about responsibility. This narrative overview displays the roles and advances of microbiome research in psychiatry and discusses the philosophical and ethical implications of microbiome big data and microbiome-based interventions for psychiatric patients. We also investigate whether these issues are really "new," or "old wine in new bottles."
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Ahmed
- University of Antwerp.,Suez Canal University
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Blot S, Ruppé E, Harbarth S, Asehnoune K, Poulakou G, Luyt CE, Rello J, Klompas M, Depuydt P, Eckmann C, Martin-Loeches I, Povoa P, Bouadma L, Timsit JF, Zahar JR. Healthcare-associated infections in adult intensive care unit patients: Changes in epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and contributions of new technologies. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2022; 70:103227. [PMID: 35249794 PMCID: PMC8892223 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2022.103227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients in intensive care units (ICUs) are at high risk for healthcare-acquired infections (HAI) due to the high prevalence of invasive procedures and devices, induced immunosuppression, comorbidity, frailty and increased age. Over the past decade we have seen a successful reduction in the incidence of HAI related to invasive procedures and devices. However, the rate of ICU-acquired infections remains high. Within this context, the ongoing emergence of new pathogens, further complicates treatment and threatens patient outcomes. Additionally, the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the challenge that an emerging pathogen provides in adapting prevention measures regarding both the risk of exposure to caregivers and the need to maintain quality of care. ICU nurses hold a special place in the prevention and management of HAI as they are involved in basic hygienic care, steering and implementing quality improvement initiatives, correct microbiological sampling, and aspects antibiotic stewardship. The emergence of more sensitive microbiological techniques and our increased knowledge about interactions between critically ill patients and their microbiota are leading us to rethink how we define HAIs and best strategies to diagnose, treat and prevent these infections in the ICU. This multidisciplinary expert review, focused on the ICU setting, will summarise the recent epidemiology of ICU-HAI, discuss the place of modern microbiological techniques in their diagnosis, review operational and epidemiological definitions and redefine the place of several controversial preventive measures including antimicrobial-impregnated medical devices, chlorhexidine-impregnated washcloths, catheter dressings and chlorhexidine-based mouthwashes. Finally, general guidance is suggested that may reduce HAI incidence and especially outbreaks in ICUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Blot
- Dept. of Internal Medicine & Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Etienne Ruppé
- INSERM, IAME UMR 1137, University of Paris, France; Department of Bacteriology, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Stephan Harbarth
- Infection Control Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karim Asehnoune
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care, Hôtel-Dieu, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Garyphalia Poulakou
- 3(rd) Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria General Hospital of Athens, Greece
| | - Charles-Edouard Luyt
- Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS_1166-ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jordi Rello
- Vall d'Hebron Institut of Research (VHIR) and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enferemedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Klompas
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, United States; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Pieter Depuydt
- Intensive Care Department, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Christian Eckmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Peine, Medical University Hannover, Germany
| | - Ignacio Martin-Loeches
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Hospital Clinic, Universidad de Barcelona, CIBERes, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Povoa
- Polyvalent Intensive Care Unit, São Francisco Xavier Hospital, CHLO, Lisbon, Portugal; NOVA Medical School, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon Portugal; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, OUH Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lila Bouadma
- INSERM, IAME UMR 1137, University of Paris, France; Medical and Infectious Diseases ICU, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Francois Timsit
- INSERM, IAME UMR 1137, University of Paris, France; Medical and Infectious Diseases ICU, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Ralph Zahar
- INSERM, IAME UMR 1137, University of Paris, France; Microbiology, Infection Control Unit, GH Paris Seine Saint-Denis, APHP, Bobigny, France
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Masucci L, Quaranta G. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: What's New? Microorganisms 2021; 10:microorganisms10010023. [PMID: 35056472 PMCID: PMC8780544 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Masucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Gianluca Quaranta
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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Aslam B, Khurshid M, Arshad MI, Muzammil S, Rasool M, Yasmeen N, Shah T, Chaudhry TH, Rasool MH, Shahid A, Xueshan X, Baloch Z. Antibiotic Resistance: One Health One World Outlook. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:771510. [PMID: 34900756 PMCID: PMC8656695 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.771510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a growing public health concern worldwide, and it is now regarded as a critical One Health issue. One Health's interconnected domains contribute to the emergence, evolution, and spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms on a local and global scale, which is a significant risk factor for global health. The persistence and spread of resistant microbial species, and the association of determinants at the human-animal-environment interface can alter microbial genomes, resulting in resistant superbugs in various niches. ABR is motivated by a well-established link between three domains: human, animal, and environmental health. As a result, addressing ABR through the One Health approach makes sense. Several countries have implemented national action plans based on the One Health approach to combat antibiotic-resistant microbes, following the Tripartite's Commitment Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)-World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)-World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The ABR has been identified as a global health concern, and efforts are being made to mitigate this global health threat. To summarize, global interdisciplinary and unified approaches based on One Health principles are required to limit the ABR dissemination cycle, raise awareness and education about antibiotic use, and promote policy, advocacy, and antimicrobial stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Aslam
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Saima Muzammil
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Rasool
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Yasmeen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taif Shah
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tamoor Hamid Chaudhry
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Public Health Laboratories Division, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Aqsa Shahid
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xia Xueshan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zulqarnain Baloch
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Qiu K, Huang Y, Anselmo AC. Polymer and Crosslinker Content Influences Performance of Encapsulated Live Biotherapeutic Products. Cell Mol Bioeng 2021; 14:487-499. [PMID: 34777606 PMCID: PMC8548438 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-021-00674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Live biotherapeutic products (LBPs), or therapeutic microbes, are an emerging therapeutic modality for prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Since LBPs are living, they are uniquely sensitive to external stresses (e.g., oxygen, acid) encountered during manufacturing, storage, and delivery. Here, we systematically evaluate how polymer and crosslinker concentration affects the performance of an encapsulated LBP toward developing a comprehensive framework for the characterization and optimization of LBP delivery systems. METHODS We encapsulate a model LBP, Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393, in calcium chloride (CaCl2)-crosslinked alginate beads, and evaluate how alginate and CaCl2 concentrations influence LBP formulation performance, including: (i) encapsulation efficiency, (ii) shrinkage upon drying, (iii) survival upon lyophilization, (iv) acid resistance, (v) release, and (vi) metabolite secretion. Approaches from microbiology (e.g., colony forming unit enumeration), materials science (e.g., scanning electron microscopy), and pharmaceutical sciences (e.g., release assays) are employed. RESULTS LBP-encapsulating alginate beads were systematically evaluated as a function of alginate and CaCl2 concentrations. Specifically: (i) encapsulation efficiency of all formulations was >50%, (ii) all alginate beads shrunk (after lyophilization) and recovered (after rehydration) similarly, (iii) at 10% alginate concentration, lower CaCl2 concentration decreased survival upon lyophilization, (iv) 10% alginate improved acid resistance, (v) sustained release was enabled by increasing alginate and CaCl2 concentrations, and (vi) encapsulation did not impair secretion of l-lactate as compared to free LBP. CONCLUSIONS This research demonstrates that polymer content and crosslinking extent modulate the performance of polymer-based LBP delivery systems, motivating research into the optimization of material properties for LBP delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Qiu
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 United States
| | - Yirui Huang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 United States
| | - Aaron C. Anselmo
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 United States
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Erturk-Hasdemir D, Ochoa-Repáraz J, Kasper DL, Kasper LH. Exploring the Gut-Brain Axis for the Control of CNS Inflammatory Demyelination: Immunomodulation by Bacteroides fragilis' Polysaccharide A. Front Immunol 2021; 12:662807. [PMID: 34025663 PMCID: PMC8131524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The symbiotic relationship between animals and their resident microorganisms has profound effects on host immunity. The human microbiota comprises bacteria that reside in the gastrointestinal tract and are involved in a range of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The gut microbiota's immunomodulatory effects extend to extraintestinal tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). Specific symbiotic antigens responsible for inducing immunoregulation have been isolated from different bacterial species. Polysaccharide A (PSA) of Bacteroides fragilis is an archetypical molecule for host-microbiota interactions. Studies have shown that PSA has beneficial effects in experimental disease models, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most widely used animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Furthermore, in vitro stimulation with PSA promotes an immunomodulatory phenotype in human T cells isolated from healthy and MS donors. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the interactions between gut microbiota and the host in the context of CNS inflammatory demyelination, the immunomodulatory roles of gut symbionts. More specifically, we also discuss the immunomodulatory effects of B. fragilis PSA in the gut-brain axis and its therapeutic potential in MS. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the microbiota's impact on host physiology offers tremendous promise for discovering new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dennis L. Kasper
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lloyd H. Kasper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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11
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Heo G, Lee Y, Im E. Interplay between the Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Mediators in the Development of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:734. [PMID: 33578830 PMCID: PMC7916585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory mediators modulate inflammatory pathways during the development of colorectal cancer. Inflammatory mediators secreted by both immune and tumor cells can influence carcinogenesis, progression, and tumor metastasis. The gut microbiota, which colonize the entire intestinal tract, especially the colon, are closely linked to colorectal cancer through an association with inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor, nuclear factor kappa B, interleukins, and interferons. This association may be a potential therapeutic target, since therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiota have been actively investigated in both the laboratory and in clinics and include fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eunok Im
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (G.H.); (Y.L.)
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Simonet C, McNally L. Kin selection explains the evolution of cooperation in the gut microbiota. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2016046118. [PMID: 33526674 PMCID: PMC8017935 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016046118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Through the secretion of "public goods" molecules, microbes cooperatively exploit their habitat. This is known as a major driver of the functioning of microbial communities, including in human disease. Understanding why microbial species cooperate is therefore crucial to achieve successful microbial community management, such as microbiome manipulation. A leading explanation is that of Hamilton's inclusive-fitness framework. A cooperator can indirectly transmit its genes by helping the reproduction of an individual carrying similar genes. Therefore, all else being equal, as relatedness among individuals increases, so should cooperation. However, the predictive power of relatedness, particularly in microbes, is surrounded by controversy. Using phylogenetic comparative analyses across the full diversity of the human gut microbiota and six forms of cooperation, we find that relatedness is predictive of the cooperative gene content evolution in gut-microbe genomes. Hence, relatedness is predictive of cooperation over broad microbial taxonomic levels that encompass variation in other life-history and ecology details. This supports the generality of Hamilton's central insights and the relevance of relatedness as a key parameter of interest to advance microbial predictive and engineering science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Simonet
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom;
| | - Luke McNally
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
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13
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Xu F, Li N, Wang C, Xing H, Chen D, Wei Y. Clinical efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation for patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinic study. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:54. [PMID: 33549047 PMCID: PMC7866462 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is characterized by the condition that bacteria overgrowth in the small intestine. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been applied as an effective tool for reestablishing the structure of gut microbiota. However, whether FMT could be applied as a routine SIBO treatment has not been investigated. Methods In this trial, 55 SIBO patients were enrolled. All participants were randomized in two groups, and were given FMT capsule or placebo capsules once a week for 4 consecutive weeks. Measurements including the lactulose hydrogen breath test gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as fecal microbiota diversity were assessed before and after FMT therapy. Results Gastrointestinal symptoms significantly improved in SIBO patients after treatment with FMT compared to participants in placebo group. The gut microbiota diversity of FMT group had a significant increase, while placebo group showed none. Conclusions This study suggests that applying FMT for patients with SIBO can alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms, indicating that FMT may be a promising and novel therapeutic regimen for SIBO. Trial registry This study was retrospectively registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial registry on 2019.7.10 (ID: ChiCTR1900024409, http://www.chictr.org.cn).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Army Medical Center of PLA affiliated with Army Medical University, No.10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Army Medical Center of PLA affiliated with Army Medical University, No.10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Army Medical Center of PLA affiliated with Army Medical University, No.10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Hanyang Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Army Medical Center of PLA affiliated with Army Medical University, No.10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Army Medical Center of PLA affiliated with Army Medical University, No.10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yanling Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Army Medical Center of PLA affiliated with Army Medical University, No.10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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14
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Qiu K, Anselmo AC. Batch Culture Formulation of Live Biotherapeutic Products. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2000226. [PMID: 33709021 PMCID: PMC7942761 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) are an emerging therapeutic modality that are clinically investigated for treating pathogenic infections and inflammatory diseases. A major class of LBPs are feces derived microbial consortiums which require numerous process development steps (e.g. separation, purification, blending) to facilitate LBP formulation into oral dosage forms. A subset of these LBPs circumvent the need for continuous fecal processing by batch culture for individual strains of microbes that are rationally defined and combined in the final LBP formulation. Separately, delivery formulations (e.g. polymer encapsulation) are being developed for LBPs to improve storage and intestinal engraftment; however, formulation requires additional manufacturing processes distinct from fecal processing or batch culture. Here, a streamlined approach termed batch culture formulation (BCF) is developed to combine the individual batch culture and formulation processes into a single-step process. Based on a previously described polymeric film formulation that encapsulates LBPs, BCF is shown to reduce the number of required processes to formulate LBP-films without altering LBP phenotype, function, or storage profiles compared to the standard LBP-film formulation approach. Additionally, it is demonstrated that BCF facilitates scaled-fabrication from the milligram to gram scale with predictable loading, highlighting the potential that BCF has for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Qiu
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Aaron C Anselmo
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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15
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Pollock J, Low AS, McHugh RE, Muwonge A, Stevens MP, Corbishley A, Gally DL. Alternatives to antibiotics in a One Health context and the role genomics can play in reducing antimicrobial use. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:1617-1621. [PMID: 32220638 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review follows on from the International Conference on One Health Antimicrobial Resistance (ICOHAR 2019), where strategies to improve the fundamental understanding and management of antimicrobial resistance at the interface between humans, animals and the environment were discussed. OBJECTIVE This review identifies alternatives to antimicrobials in a One Health context, noting how advances in genomic technologies are assisting their development and enabling more targeted use of antimicrobials. SOURCES Key articles on the use of microbiota modulation, livestock breeding and gene editing, vaccination, antivirulence strategies and bacteriophage therapy are discussed. CONTENT Antimicrobials are central for disease control, but reducing their use is paramount as a result of the rise of transmissible antimicrobial resistance. This review discusses antimicrobial alternatives in the context of improved understanding of fundamental host-pathogen and microbiota interactions using genomic tools. IMPLICATIONS Host and microbial genomics and other novel technologies play an important role in devising disease control strategies for healthier animals and humans that in turn reduce our reliance on antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pollock
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A S Low
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R E McHugh
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - A Muwonge
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M P Stevens
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Corbishley
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D L Gally
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Edinburgh, UK.
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16
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Ribeiro CFA, Silveira GGDOS, Cândido EDS, Cardoso MH, Espínola Carvalho CM, Franco OL. Effects of Antibiotic Treatment on Gut Microbiota and How to Overcome Its Negative Impacts on Human Health. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2544-2559. [PMID: 32786282 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The need for new antimicrobial therapies is evident, especially to reduce antimicrobial resistance and minimize deleterious effects on gut microbiota. However, although diverse studies discuss the adverse effects of broad-spectrum antibiotics on the microbiome ecology, targeted interventions that could solve this problem have often been overlooked. The impact of antibiotics on gut microbiota homeostasis is alarming, compromising its microbial community and leading to changes in host health. Recent studies have shown that these impacts can be transient or permanent, causing irreversible damage to gut microbiota. The responses to and changes in the gut microbial community arising from antibiotic treatment are related to its duration, the number of doses, antibiotic class, host age, genetic susceptibility, and lifestyle. In contrast, each individual's native microbiota can also affect the response to treatment as well as respond differently to antibiotic treatment. In this context, the current challenge is to promote the growth of potentially beneficial microorganisms and to reduce the proportion of microorganisms that cause dysbiosis, thus contributing to an improvement in the patient's health. An essential requirement for the development of novel antibiotics will be personalized medicinal strategies that recognize a patient's intestinal and biochemical individuality. Thus, this Review will address a new perspective on antimicrobial therapies through pathogen-selective antibiotics that minimize the impacts on human health due to changes in the gut microbiota from the use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fontoura Acosta Ribeiro
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-900, Brazil
| | | | - Elizabete de Souza Cândido
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-900, Brazil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Federal District 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Marlon Henrique Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-900, Brazil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Federal District 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Marcelo Espínola Carvalho
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-900, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-900, Brazil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Federal District 71966-700, Brazil
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17
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Kuijper EJ, Vehreschild MJGT. Clinical microbiota and infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:1447. [PMID: 32956870 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ed J Kuijper
- Centre for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health, RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Maria J G T Vehreschild
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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18
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Baptista LC, Sun Y, Carter CS, Buford TW. Crosstalk Between the Gut Microbiome and Bioactive Lipids: Therapeutic Targets in Cognitive Frailty. Front Nutr 2020; 7:17. [PMID: 32219095 PMCID: PMC7078157 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive frailty is a geriatric condition defined by the coexistence of cognitive impairment and physical frailty. This "composite" aging phenotype is associated with a higher risk of several adverse health-related outcomes, including dementia. In the last decade, cognitive frailty has gained increased attention from the scientific community that has focused on understanding the clinical impact and the physiological and pathological mechanisms of development and on identifying preventive and/or rehabilitative therapeutic interventions. The emergence of gut microbiome in neural signaling increased the interest in targeting the gut-brain axis as a modulation strategy. Multiple studies on gastroenteric, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases support the existence of a wide bidirectional communication network of signaling mediators, e.g., bioactive lipids, that can modulate inflammation, gut permeability, microbiota composition, and the gut-brain axis. This crosstalk between the gut-brain axis, microbiome, and bioactive lipids may emerge as the basis of a promising therapeutic strategy to counteract cognitive frailty. In this review, we summarize the evidence in the literature regarding the link between the gut microbiome, brain, and several families of bioactive lipids. In addition, we also explore the applicability of several bioactive lipid members as a potential routes for therapeutic interventions to combat cognitive frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana C. Baptista
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yi Sun
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christy S. Carter
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,*Correspondence: Christy S. Carter
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,Thomas W. Buford ; Twitter: @twbuford
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19
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Qiu K, Young I, Woodburn BM, Huang Y, Anselmo AC. Polymeric Films for the Encapsulation, Storage, and Tunable Release of Therapeutic Microbes. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901643. [PMID: 32080981 PMCID: PMC7293827 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microbe-based therapeutics (MBTs) are an emerging therapeutic modality for treating gastrointestinal infections and inflammatory bowel diseases. Current formulations for oral delivery of MBTs use capsules to achieve safe gastric transit, but oral formulations that control the spatiotemporal concentration of MBTs are yet to be developed, despite well-established connections between all therapeutics and their location, concentration, and distribution at sites of action. The development of a multi-functional polymer-based encapsulation system to formulate MBTs for enhanced storage and delivery through formulation of a model MBT, Lactobacillus casei ATCC393, is reported here. This approach enables the additive inclusion of excipients and polymers to grant specific functions, toward the development of a modular MBT platform. Through addition of established excipients, the formulation provides long-term storage of the encapsulated MBT. By adding higher molecular weight polymers, the release kinetics of the encapsulated MBTs can be modified. The inclusion of a mucoadhesive polymer significantly increases the adhesion force between the formulation and the intestinal tissue. Together, mucoadhesive and sustained release properties can be used to modulate the spatiotemporal concentration of MBTs. The formulation is compatible with standard oral capsules, thus maintaining existing clinical advantages of oral capsules while providing new functions from film encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Qiu
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Isabella Young
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Blaide M. Woodburn
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yirui Huang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Aaron C. Anselmo
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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20
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Song W, Anselmo AC, Huang L. Nanotechnology intervention of the microbiome for cancer therapy. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:1093-1103. [PMID: 31802032 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome is emerging as a key player and driver of cancer. Traditional modalities to manipulate the microbiome (for example, antibiotics, probiotics and microbiota transplants) have been shown to improve efficacy of cancer therapies in some cases, but issues such as collateral damage to the commensal microbiota and consistency of these approaches motivates efforts towards developing new technologies specifically designed for the microbiome-cancer interface. Considering the success of nanotechnology in transforming cancer diagnostics and treatment, nanotechnologies capable of manipulating interactions that occur across microscopic and molecular length scales in the microbiome and the tumour microenvironment have the potential to provide innovative strategies for cancer treatment. As such, opportunities at the intersection of nanotechnology, the microbiome and cancer are massive. In this Review, we highlight key opportunistic areas for applying nanotechnologies towards manipulating the microbiome for the treatment of cancer, give an overview of seminal work and discuss future challenges and our perspective on this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wantong Song
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Aaron C Anselmo
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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21
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Haque MM, Mande SS. Decoding the microbiome for the development of translational applications: Overview, challenges and pitfalls. J Biosci 2019; 44:118. [PMID: 31719227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the potential of 'translational' microbiome research in addressing real-world challenges pertaining to human health, nutrition and disease. Additionally, outcomes of microbiome research have also positively impacted various aspects pertaining to agricultural productivity, fuel or energy requirements, and stability/preservation of various ecological habitats. Microbiome data is multi-dimensional with various types of data comprising nucleic and protein sequences, metabolites as well as various metadata related to host and or environment. This poses a major challenge for computational analysis and interpretation of data to reach meaningful, reproducible (and replicable) biological conclusions. In this review, we first describe various aspects of microbiomes that make them an attractive tool/target for developing various translational applications. The challenge of deciphering signatures from an information-rich resource like the microbiome is also discussed. Subsequently, we present three case-studies that exemplify the potential of microbiome- based solutions in solving real-world problems. The final part of the review attempts to familiarize readers with the importance of a robust study design and the diligence required during every stage of analysis for achieving solutions with potential translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Monzoorul Haque
- Bio-Sciences R and D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Pune 411 013, India
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22
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Haque MM, Mande SS. Decoding the microbiome for the development of translational applications: Overview, challenges and pitfalls. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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Milliken EJT. Fifty years of faecal microbiota transplant in Central Australia. Gut 2019; 68:1536. [PMID: 30126889 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Jane Temple Milliken
- Department of Medicine, Alice Springs Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Abstract
Studies over the last decade have transformed our previously simplistic view of
microbes, having only a pathogenic role in disease to a more robust understanding
that they are critical for maintaining human health. Indeed, our microbiota—the
collection of commensal organisms that live in and on each of us—contributes to
nearly every facet of host physiology, from ontogeny of the immune system to
neurological function to metabolism. Although the specific details of these
host–microbe interactions are still being elucidated for most diseases, the coupling
of clinical samples with animal models of disease have provided key insights. This
review provides some general background on the microbiota, highlights a few examples
of how the microbiota influences diseases of the central nervous system, and provides
a perspective for how these findings may be clinically translatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj K Surana
- Departments of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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25
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26
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Cao X, Hamilton JJ, Venturelli OS. Understanding and Engineering Distributed Biochemical Pathways in Microbial Communities. Biochemistry 2019; 58:94-107. [PMID: 30457843 PMCID: PMC6733022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbiomes impact nearly every environment on Earth by modulating the molecular composition of the environment. Temporally changing environmental stimuli and spatial organization are major variables shaping the structure and function of microbiomes. The web of interactions among members of these communities and between the organisms and the environment dictates microbiome functions. Microbial interactions are major drivers of microbiomes and are modulated by spatiotemporal parameters. A mechanistic and quantitative understanding of ecological, molecular, and environmental forces shaping microbiomes could inform strategies to control microbiome dynamics and functions. Major challenges for harnessing the potential of microbiomes for diverse applications include the development of predictive modeling frameworks and tools for precise manipulation of microbiome behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ophelia S. Venturelli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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27
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Rosas-Salazar C, Shilts MH, Tovchigrechko A, Schobel S, Chappell JD, Larkin EK, Gebretsadik T, Halpin RA, Nelson KE, Moore ML, Anderson LJ, Peebles RS, Das SR, Hartert TV. Nasopharyngeal Lactobacillus is associated with a reduced risk of childhood wheezing illnesses following acute respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1447-1456.e9. [PMID: 29330010 PMCID: PMC6039278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life acute respiratory infection (ARI) with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been strongly associated with the development of childhood wheezing illnesses, but the pathways underlying this association are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To examine the role of the nasopharyngeal microbiome in the development of childhood wheezing illnesses following RSV ARI in infancy. METHODS We conducted a nested cohort study of 118 previously healthy, term infants with confirmed RSV ARI by RT-PCR. We used next-generation sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene to characterize the nasopharyngeal microbiome during RSV ARI. Our main outcome of interest was 2-year subsequent wheeze. RESULTS Of the 118 infants, 113 (95.8%) had 2-year outcome data. Of these, 46 (40.7%) had parental report of subsequent wheeze. There was no association between the overall taxonomic composition, diversity, and richness of the nasopharyngeal microbiome during RSV ARI with the development of subsequent wheeze. However, the nasopharyngeal detection and abundance of Lactobacillus was consistently higher in infants who did not develop this outcome. Lactobacillus also ranked first among the different genera in a model distinguishing infants with and without subsequent wheeze. CONCLUSIONS The nasopharyngeal detection and increased abundance of Lactobacillus during RSV ARI in infancy are associated with a reduced risk of childhood wheezing illnesses at age 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rosas-Salazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn; Center for Asthma Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Meghan H Shilts
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn; Infectious Disease Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Md; Infectious Disease Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, Calif
| | | | - Seth Schobel
- Bioinformatics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Md
| | - James D Chappell
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Emma K Larkin
- Center for Asthma Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Tebeb Gebretsadik
- Center for Asthma Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Rebecca A Halpin
- Infectious Disease Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Md
| | - Karen E Nelson
- Genomic Medicine Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Martin L Moore
- Center for Asthma Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Larry J Anderson
- Center for Asthma Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Center for Asthma Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Suman R Das
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn; Infectious Disease Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Md; Infectious Disease Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, Calif.
| | - Tina V Hartert
- Center for Asthma Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn.
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Balato A, Cacciapuoti S, Di Caprio R, Marasca C, Masarà A, Raimondo A, Fabbrocini G. Human Microbiome: Composition and Role in Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2018; 67:1-18. [PMID: 30302512 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-018-0528-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on recent evidences about human microbiome composition and functions, exploring the potential implication of its impairment in some diffuse and invalidating inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa and acne. We analysed current scientific literature, focusing on the current evidences about gut and skin microbiome composition and the complex dialogue between microbes and the host. Finally, we examined the consequences of this dialogue for health and skin diseases. This review highlights how human microbes interact with different anatomic niches modifying the state of immune activation, skin barrier status, microbe-host and microbe-microbe interactions. It also shows as most of the factors affecting gut and skin microorganisms' activity have demonstrated to be effective also in modulating chronic inflammatory skin diseases. More and more evidences demonstrate that human microbiome plays a key role in human health and diseases. It is to be expected that these new insights will translate into diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive measures in the context of personalized/precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Balato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, NA, Italy
| | - Sara Cacciapuoti
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, NA, Italy.
| | - Roberta Di Caprio
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, NA, Italy
| | - Claudio Marasca
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, NA, Italy
| | - Anna Masarà
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, NA, Italy
| | - Annunziata Raimondo
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, NA, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, NA, Italy
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A unified conceptual framework for prediction and control of microbiomes. Curr Opin Microbiol 2018; 44:20-27. [PMID: 30007202 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microbiomes impact nearly all systems on Earth, and despite vast differences among systems, we contend that it is possible and highly beneficial to develop a unified conceptual framework for understanding microbiome dynamics that is applicable across systems. The ability to robustly predict and control environmental and human microbiomes would provide impactful opportunities to sustain and improve the health of ecosystems and humans alike. Doing so requires understanding the processes governing microbiome temporal dynamics, which currently presents an enormous challenge. We contend, however, that new opportunities can emerge by placing studies of both environmental and human microbiome temporal dynamics in the context of a unified conceptual framework. Our conceptual framework poses that factors influencing the temporal dynamics of microbiomes can be grouped into three broad categories: biotic and abiotic history, internal dynamics, and external forcing factors. Both environmental and human microbiome science study these factors, but not in a coordinated or consistent way. Here we discuss opportunities for greater crosstalk across these domains, such as leveraging specific ecological concepts from environmental microbiome science to guide optimization of strategies to manipulate human microbiomes towards improved health. To achieve unified understanding, it is necessary to have a common body of theory developed from explicit iteration between models and molecular-based characterization of microbiome dynamics across systems. Only through such model-experiment iteration will we eventually achieve prediction and control across microbiomes that impact ecosystem sustainability and human health.
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Ruppé E, Martin-Loeches I, Rouzé A, Levast B, Ferry T, Timsit JF. What's new in restoring the gut microbiota in ICU patients? Potential role of faecal microbiota transplantation. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24:803-805. [PMID: 29870851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Ruppé
- INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, Université Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité and AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Paris, France.
| | | | - A Rouzé
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), Wellcome Trust, HRB Clinical Research, St James's University Hospital Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Levast
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, France
| | | | - J-F Timsit
- INSERM, UMR 1137 IAME, Université Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité and AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Medical and Infectious Diseases Intensive Care Unit, Paris, France
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31
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Vargason AM, Anselmo AC. Clinical translation of microbe-based therapies: Current clinical landscape and preclinical outlook. Bioeng Transl Med 2018; 3:124-137. [PMID: 30065967 PMCID: PMC6063871 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Next generation microbe-based therapeutics, inspired by the success of fecal microbiota transplants, are being actively investigated in clinical trials to displace or eliminate pathogenic microbes to treat various diseases in the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and vagina. Genetically engineered microbes are also being investigated in the clinic as drug producing factories for biologic delivery, which can provide a constant local source of drugs. In either case, microbe-therapeutics have the opportunity to address unmet clinical needs and open new areas of research by reducing clinical side effects associated with current treatment modalities or by facilitating the delivery of biologics. This review will discuss examples of past and current clinical trials that are investigating microbe-therapeutics, both microbiome-modulating and drug-producing, for the treatment of a range of diseases. We then offer a perspective on how preclinical approaches, both those focused on developing advanced delivery systems and those that use in vitro microbiome model systems to inform formulation design, will lead to the realization of next-generation microbe-therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava M. Vargason
- Div. of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599
| | - Aaron C. Anselmo
- Div. of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599
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Patel K, Patel A, Hawes D, Shah J, Shah K. Faecal microbiota transplantation: looking beyond clostridium difficile infection at inflammatory bowel disease. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2018; 11:1-8. [PMID: 29564058 PMCID: PMC5849111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota are known to play paramount role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Innovative sequencing methods have radically expanded our ability to analyze the intestinal microbiome. However, alterations of the GI microbiome in IBD have not yet been fully evaluated. Irregular colonization of the gut has been implicated in chronic intestinal inflammation. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a procedure which aims to restore microbial disturbances to the individual's gut microbiome. The success of FMT in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has inspired studies to explore transplantation in other conditions such as IBD. Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), the two principal manifestations of IBD, are emerging as a worldwide epidemic and are multifactorial in aetiology. There have been various case series in the past looking at the use of FMT in IBD, with a large number of them focusing on UC; however, two new randomized controlled trials shed up-to-date light on the complex interactions between the GI microbiome and patients. Regardless of these new studies, much more remains unknown about the efficacy and safety profile of FMT in IBD, ultimately casting a shadow over its use as a therapeutic intervention in conditions other than CDI. Further researches are necessary to fully evaluate the role of FMT as a management option in IBD. In this review, we discuss and summarize the functions of FMT in IBD, and the relationship between IBD and the GI microbial variations present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krish Patel
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Amee Patel
- GKT School of Medical Education, King’s College London, UK
| | - David Hawes
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Janki Shah
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, UK
| | - Krishna Shah
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, UK
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Young VB. Treatment With Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: The Need for Complete Methodological Reporting for Clinical Trials. Ann Intern Med 2017; 167:61-62. [PMID: 28531905 PMCID: PMC5754214 DOI: 10.7326/m17-1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
The skin microbiome exists in dynamic equilibrium with the host, but when the skin is compromised, bacteria can colonize the wound and impair wound healing. Thus, the interplay between normal skin microbial interactions versus pathogenic microbial interactions in wound repair is important. Bacteria are recognized by innate host pattern recognition receptors, and we previously showed an important role for the pattern recognition receptor NOD2 in skin wound repair. NOD2 is implicated in changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota in Crohn’s disease, but its role on skin microbiota is unknown. Nod2-deficient (Nod2–/–) mice had an inherently altered skin microbiome compared with wild-type controls. Furthermore, we found that Nod2–/– skin microbiome dominated and caused impaired healing, shown in cross-fostering experiments of wild-type pups with Nod2–/– pups, which then acquired altered cutaneous bacteria and delayed healing. High-throughput sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR showed a significant compositional shift, specifically in the genus Pseudomonas in Nod2–/– mice. To confirm whether Pseudomonas species directly impair wound healing, wild-type mice were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and, akin to Nod2–/– mice, were found to exhibit a significant delay in wound repair. Collectively, these studies show the importance of the microbial communities in skin wound healing outcome.
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Wang M, Gong S, Du S, Zhu Y, Rong F, Pan R, Di Y, Li C, Ren D, Jin N. The effect of immunoregulation of Streptococcus lactis L16 strain upon Staphylococcus aureus infection. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:130. [PMID: 28577529 PMCID: PMC5457572 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-1038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that causes various infections in medical facilities. However, resistance to multiple drugs has made this infection difficult to manage. Thus, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to solve this worldwide public health problem. The Streptococcus lactis L16 strain was isolated from the fermented hot chili sauce. To explore whether it can be used as a protective agent against S. aureus infection, we designed a mouse model of S. aureus infection to evaluate the therapeutic potency of S. lactis. Mice were grouped into pre-(P) and post-(T) S. aureus infection groups following oral administration of S. lactis L16. The protection and treatment effects were assessed by examining body weight, internal organ weight, serum cytokines and intestinal secretory IgA alternations. RESULT Oral administration of the S. lactis L16 strain reduced the loss of body weight in mice post-infection and alleviated infection-induced hepatomegaly. In particular, the PL16 group (protection with L16) showed more effective resistance to S. aureus than the TL16 group (treatment with L16). The level of serum cytokine interferon gamma following oral administration of the L16 strain was remarkably increased during infection, as were interleukin-4 levels during convalescence. The probiotic L16 strain induced more sIgA production than S. aureus. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that S. lactis L16 is an effective strain with anti-Staphylococcus activity. By regulating the Th1/Th2 response, S. lactis can effectively reduce lesions from infection, indicating its therapeutic potential in overcoming antibiotic resistance in this mouse infection model that mimics infections observed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maopeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shouwen Du
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengjun Rong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Di
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dayong Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122 People’s Republic of China
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El-Jurdi N, de Lima M, Lazarus H, Ghannoum MA. Microbiome: Its Impact Is Being Revealed! CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-017-0063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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37
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[Fundamentals of the microbiome]. Internist (Berl) 2017; 58:429-434. [PMID: 28357466 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-017-0224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Until the middle of the 20th century, clinical microbiology was limited to bacterial cultures enabling the detection of pathogenic microorganisms. Knowledge about the mutual relationship between humans and microorganisms has increased slowly. With the introduction of culture-independent analysis methods, comprehensive cataloging of the human microbiome was possible for the first time. Since then, compositional changes in relation to diseases have been studied. The goals of the Human Microbiome Project and MetaHIT include comparative studies of healthy and diseased individuals. Numerous libraries on time- and location-dependent changes of the microbiota composition in human diseases have been created. However, a mathematical correlation does not equal biological or medical relevance. Future research needs to validate the hypotheses generated in these studies in functional experiments and evaluate their true impact on clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ludwig
- Institut fuer Vegetative Physiologie; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - A. Högner
- Institut fuer Vegetative Physiologie; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - A. Patzak
- Institut fuer Vegetative Physiologie; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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