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Mokrousov I. Origin and dispersal of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Haarlem genotype: Clues from its phylogeographic landscape and human migration. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 195:108045. [PMID: 38447923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The Haarlem family belongs to the Euro-American phylogenetic lineage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is one of the globally spread genotypes of this important human pathogen. In spite of the sporadic observations on drug resistance and peculiar virulence profile, Haarlem remains in the shade of other M. tuberculosis genotypes. I analyzed genotyping data of the Haarlem genotype in light of its pathogenic properties and relevant human migration, to gain insight into its origin, evolutionary history, and current spread. Central Europe is marked with a very high prevalence of both major Haarlem subclades ancestral H3/SIT50 and derived H1, jointly making 33-41% in Czechia, Austria, and Hungary. There is a declining gradient of Haarlem beyond central Europe with 10-18% in Italy, France, Belgium, 10-13% in the Balkan countries and Turkey. Placing the available genetic diversity and ancient DNA data within the historical context, I hypothesize that M. tuberculosis Haarlem genotype likely originated in Central Europe and its primary long-term circulation occurred within the area of the former Austria/Austria-Hungary Empire in the 14th-19th centuries. The genotype is not highly transmissible and its spread was driven by long-term human migration. The European colonial expansion (when accompanied by a sufficient volume of migration) was a vehicle of its secondary dissemination. I conclude that human migration and its lack thereof (but not strain pathobiology) was a major driving force that shaped the population structure of this global lineage of M. tuberculosis. At the same time, Haarlem strains appear over-represented in some ethnic groups which warrants in-depth experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Mokrousov
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Henan Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
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Bakuła Z, Marczak M, Bluszcz A, Proboszcz M, Kościuch J, Krenke R, Stakėnas P, Mokrousov I, Jagielski T. Phylogenetic relationships of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Poland: The emergence of Beijing genotype among multidrug-resistant cases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1161905. [PMID: 37009494 PMCID: PMC10061152 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1161905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe epidemiological situation of tuberculosis (TB) in Poland urges for its continuous and scrupulous monitoring. The objective of this study was to explore the genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and drug-susceptible (DS) Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Poland with a combination of spoligotyping and high-resolution mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) analysis. The results were placed in the Northern and Eastern Europe context.MethodsThe study included 89 (39 MDR and 50 DS) M. tuberculosis isolates collected from as many patients between 2018 and 2021 in Poland. The analysis was done using spoligotyping, and MIRU-VNTR typing at 24 standard loci. The data were compared to those available on Poland and neighbors and global M. tuberculosis datasets.ResultsThe main identified families were Beijing (28.1%) and Haarlem (16.8%) while 34.8% of isolates were in the heterogeneous L4-unclassified group. Although the Beijing family was the most prevalent (61.5%) among MDR-TB cases, it accounted for only 2% of DS isolates. Among foreign-born patients, a higher ratio of MDR isolates were observed when compared with those who Poland-born (64.3% vs. 40%). Furthermore, all patients from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) countries were infected with MDR-TB.DiscussionWhereas DS M. tuberculosis population in Poland is dominated by L4 isolates, MDR isolates are mostly of the Beijing genotype. The rise in the prevalence of the Beijing isolates in Poland, coupled with high proportion of the Beijing genotype among foreign-born TB patients may reflect an ongoing transmission of this family, imported to Poland mainly from FSU countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Bakuła
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Marczak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Bluszcz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Proboszcz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases & Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Kościuch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases & Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Krenke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases & Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Petras Stakėnas
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Igor Mokrousov
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tomasz Jagielski, ; Igor Mokrousov,
| | - Tomasz Jagielski
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Tomasz Jagielski, ; Igor Mokrousov,
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Practical approach to detection and surveillance of emerging highly resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing 1071-32-cluster. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21392. [PMID: 34725411 PMCID: PMC8560753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ancient sublineage of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype is endemic and prevalent in East Asia and rare in other world regions. While these strains are mainly drug susceptible, we recently identified a novel clonal group Beijing 1071-32 within this sublineage emerging in Siberia, Russia and present in other Russian regions. This cluster included only multi/extensive drug resistant (MDR/XDR) isolates. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the available WGS data, we identified three synonymous SNPs in the genes Rv0144, Rv0373c, and Rv0334 that were specific for the Beijing 1071-32-cluster and developed a real-time PCR assay for their detection. Analysis of the 2375 genetically diverse M. tuberculosis isolates collected between 1996 and 2020 in different locations (European and Asian parts of Russia, former Soviet Union countries, Albania, Greece, China, Vietnam, Japan and Brazil), confirmed 100% specificity and sensitivity of this real-time PCR assay. Moreover, the epidemiological importance of this strain and the newly developed screening assay is further stressed by the fact that all identified Beijing 1071-32 isolates were found to exhibit MDR genotypic profiles with concomitant resistance to additional first-line drugs due to a characteristic signature of six mutations in rpoB450, rpoC485, katG315, katG335, rpsL43 and embB497. In conclusion, this study provides a set of three concordant SNPs for the detection and screening of Beijing 1071-32 isolates along with a validated real-time PCR assay easily deployable across multiple settings for the epidemiological tracking of this significant MDR cluster.
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Bespyatykh J, Shitikov E, Guliaev A, Smolyakov A, Klimina K, Veselovsky V, Malakhova M, Arapidi G, Dogonadze M, Manicheva O, Bespiatykh D, Mokrousov I, Zhuravlev V, Ilina E, Govorun V. System OMICs analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing B0/W148 cluster. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19255. [PMID: 31848428 PMCID: PMC6917788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing B0/W148 is one of the most widely distributed clusters in the Russian Federation and in some countries of the former Soviet Union. Recent studies have improved our understanding of the reasons for the "success" of the cluster but this area remains incompletely studied. Here, we focused on the system omics analysis of the RUS_B0 strain belonging to the Beijing B0/W148 cluster. Completed genome sequence of RUS_B0 (CP020093.1) and a collection of WGS for 394 cluster strains were used to describe the main genetic features of the population. In turn, proteome and transcriptome studies allowed to confirm the genomic data and to identify a number of finds that have not previously been described. Our results demonstrated that expression of the whiB6 which contains cluster-specific polymorphism (a151c) increased almost 40 times in RUS_B0. Additionally, the level of ethA transcripts in RUS_B0 was increased by more than 7 times compared to the H37Rv. Start sites for 10 genes were corrected based on the combination of proteomic and transcriptomic data. Additionally, based on the omics approach, we identified 5 new genes. In summary, our analysis allowed us to summarize the available results and also to obtain fundamentally new data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bespyatykh
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Egor Shitikov
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei Guliaev
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Smolyakov
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
| | - Ksenia Klimina
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Veselovsky
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maya Malakhova
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Georgij Arapidi
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
| | - Marine Dogonadze
- Research Institute of Phtisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Manicheva
- Research Institute of Phtisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Bespiatykh
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Mokrousov
- St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | | | - Elena Ilina
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Govorun
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Tafaj S, Mokrousov I, Borroni E, Trovato A, Kapisyzi P, Bardhi D, Hafizi H, Bala S, Bulo A, Bino S, Rastogi N, Cirillo D. Peculiar features of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis population structure in Albania. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 78:104136. [PMID: 31830600 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Albania is a Balkan country with moderate to low incidence of tuberculosis (TB) and very low prevalence of drug resistant TB. Here, we analyzed a country-wide multi-year Mycobacterium tuberculosis collection in order to detect possible dynamic trends of TB in Albania, with a focus on drug resistance and endemic/epidemic clones. In total, 743 isolates collected in 2007 to 2011 were divided into 107 spoligotypes and 351 MIRU-types. Based on the MIRU-VNTR phylogenetic analysis, the isolates were assigned to the following lineages/families: animal ecotypes (5 M. bovis and 2 M. caprae isolates), Lineage 2 (5 Beijing isolates), Lineage 3 (1 CAS-Delhi isolate) and, mostly and overwhelmingly, Lineage 4 (Cameroon, Uganda, Ghana and related; NEW-1-related; Ural, Haarlem, LAM, S, TUR; and unclassified isolates). Most of the isolates (452/743) were intermediately located on the global VNTR tree and did not cluster with any reference profile; they were distantly related to different families within Lineage 4 and we designated them as "unclassified L4" isolates. The significantly higher proportion of drug resistance was observed in (i) Beijing genotype compared to all other isolates (60%, P = .008), (ii) "unclassified L4" compared to all other isolates (13.9%, P = .04) and (iii) SIT2936 compared to other "unclassified L4" (34.3%, P = .0006). Analysis of the yearly collections revealed (i) some decrease of the large heterogeneous "unclassified L4" from 65% to 57%; (ii) steadily increasing gradient of LAM from 3.4 to 13.3%; (iii) stable prevalence of Haarlem (15-20%); and (iv) decrease of TUR with only 1.1% in 2011. Most of the LAM (33/49) and Beijing (3/5) isolates belonged to the VNTR types specific for Russia and former Soviet Union countries. To conclude, our results highlight a peculiar nature of M. tuberculosis population in Albania that is dominated by local and unclassified genotypes within Lineage 4, and also features European genotypes and epidemically relevant clones originating from the former Soviet Union countries. At the same time, these imported clones remain drug susceptible and prevalence of drug resistance on a whole is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silva Tafaj
- National TB Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Shefqet Ndroqi, Tirana, Albania.
| | - Igor Mokrousov
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Emanuele Borroni
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Trovato
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Perlat Kapisyzi
- National TB Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Shefqet Ndroqi, Tirana, Albania
| | - Donika Bardhi
- National TB Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Shefqet Ndroqi, Tirana, Albania
| | - Hasan Hafizi
- National TB Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Shefqet Ndroqi, Tirana, Albania
| | - Silvana Bala
- National TB Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Shefqet Ndroqi, Tirana, Albania
| | - Anyla Bulo
- Laboratory Department, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania
| | - Silvia Bino
- Control of Infectious Diseases Department, Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania
| | - Nalin Rastogi
- WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory, Tuberculosis & Mycobacteria Unit, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Abymes, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Daniela Cirillo
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Early ancient sublineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype: unexpected clues from phylogenomics of the pathogen and human history. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 25:1039.e1-1039.e6. [PMID: 30528901 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing family is an epidemiologically important lineage subdivided into large-scale phylogenetic sublineages: ancient, endemic in East Asia, and global modern. Here, we analysed ancient sublineages of the Beijing genotype in the Omsk region of southwestern Siberia, an intriguing area at the intersection of European Russia, Siberia, and Central Asia. METHODS The study included 423 M. tuberculosis strains isolated in 2013-2017 and subjected to drug susceptibility testing, genotyping, and whole genome sequencing. RESULTS The Beijing genotype constituted 280 out of 423 strains. Forty Beijing strains belonged to the early ancient sublineage (wild type mutT4-48). Of these, 11 belonged to the 14717-15 MIRU-VNTR cluster and had intact RD181, 29 belonged to the 1071-32 cluster and had the RD181 deletion. Thirty-nine ancient strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and 20 pre-extensively drug resistant (XDR)/XDR. Comparison with global data demonstrated that these clones circulate mainly in Asian Russia with certain phylogenetic affinity to strains from Japan, Korea, and northeastern China. The genome-wide analysis revealed 29-37 single nucleotide polymorphism distances between isolates from different Russian regions within these two clusters. CONCLUSIONS Based on phylogenetic, phylogeographic, genomic, and historical data, we hypothesize that these two clones or their direct ancestors were probably brought to Russia ∼70 years ago after the Second World War with Japanese prisoners of war and, until recently, were mainly circulating in Siberia and the Far East. Their elevated prevalence in Omsk along with the extremely strong association with not only MDR but also pre-XDR/XDR also observed in other locations highlight their epidemic potential and the need for monitoring and attention from health authorities.
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Rapid Assay for Detection of the Epidemiologically Important Central Asian/Russian Strain of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Genotype. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56:JCM.01551-17. [PMID: 29142045 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01551-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Mokrousov I, Shitikov E, Skiba Y, Kolchenko S, Chernyaeva E, Vyazovaya A. Emerging peak on the phylogeographic landscape of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in West Asia: Definitely smoke, likely fire. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 116:202-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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