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Roudeau A, Corvec S, Heym B, d'Epenoux LR, Lidove O, Zeller V. Unusual Cutibacterium acnes splenic abscess with bacteremia in an immunocompetent man: phylotyping and clonal complex analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:601. [PMID: 38898385 PMCID: PMC11186249 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutibacterium acnes is an anaerobic bacterium mostly implicated in cutaneous and body-implant infections. Splenic abscess is a rare entity and C. acnes abscesses have only exceptionally been reported. We describe a spontaneous splenic C. acnes abscess in an immunocompetent man with no predisposing factors or identified portal of entry. His isolates were subjected to single-locus sequence typing (SLST) to explore their genetic relatedness and better understand this rare infection. CASE PRESENTATION A splenic abscess was diagnosed on a computed-tomography scan in a 74-year-old man with chronic abdominal pain. No risk factor was identified. Abscess-drained pus and post-drainage blood cultures grew C. acnes. SLST of abscess and blood isolates showed that they belonged to the same C. acnes SLST type C1 found in normal skin and rarely in inflammatory skin disease. Specific virulence factors could not be identified. CONCLUSION C. acnes abscesses are extremely rare and can develop in immunocompetent patients without an identifiable portal of entry. Molecular typing of clinical isolates can help confirm infection (versus contamination) and enables genetic background comparisons. Further research is needed to understand C. acnes tropism and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angèle Roudeau
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Groupe Hospitalier Diaconesses- Croix Saint-Simon, 125, rue d'Avron, Paris, 75020, France
| | - Stéphane Corvec
- Service de Bactériologie et des Contrôles Microbiologiques, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, INSERM, INCIT U1302, Nantes, France
| | - Beate Heym
- Laboratoire des Centres de Santé et Hôpitaux d'Île-de-France, Groupe Hospitalier Diaconesses- Croix Saint-Simon, 125, rue d'Avron, Paris, France
| | - Louise Ruffier d'Epenoux
- Service de Bactériologie et des Contrôles Microbiologiques, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, INSERM, INCIT U1302, Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Lidove
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Groupe Hospitalier Diaconesses- Croix Saint-Simon, 125, rue d'Avron, Paris, 75020, France
| | - Valérie Zeller
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Groupe Hospitalier Diaconesses- Croix Saint-Simon, 125, rue d'Avron, Paris, 75020, France.
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Erbežnik A, Celar Šturm A, Strašek Smrdel K, Triglav T, Maver Vodičar P. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Cutibacterium spp. Isolates in Implant-Associated Infections. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2971. [PMID: 38138116 PMCID: PMC10745319 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Cutibacterium are Gram-positive commensals and opportunistic pathogens that represent a major challenge in the diagnosis and treatment of implant-associated infections (IAIs). This study provides insight into the distribution of different sequence types (STs) of C. acnes, and the presence of virulence factors (VFs) in 64 Cutibacterium spp. isolates from suspected or confirmed IAIs obtained during routine microbiological diagnostics. Fifty-three C. acnes, six C. avidum, four C. granulosum, and one C. namnetense isolate, collected from different anatomical sites, were included in our study. Using whole-genome sequencing and a single-locus sequencing typing scheme, we successfully characterized all C. acnes strains and revealed the substantial diversity of STs, with the discovery of six previously unidentified STs. Phylotype IA1, previously associated with both healthy skin microbiome and infections, was the most prevalent, with ST A1 being the most common. Some minor differences in STs' distribution were observed in correlation with anatomical location and association with infection. A genomic analysis of 40 investigated VFs among 64 selected strains showed no significant differences between different STs, anatomical sites, or infection-related and infection undetermined/unlikely groups of strains. Most differences in VF distribution were found between strains of different Cutibacterium spp., subspecies, and phylotypes, with CAMP factors, biofilm-related VFs, lipases, and heat shock proteins identified in all analyzed Cutibacterium spp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Polona Maver Vodičar
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.E.); (A.C.Š.); (K.S.S.); (T.T.)
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3
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Torrens C, Marí R, Puig-Verdier L, Santana F, Alier A, García-Jarabo E, Gómez-Sánchez A, Corvec S. Functional outcomes and complications of patients contaminated with Cutibacterium acnes during primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty: study at two- and five-years of follow-up. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2023; 47:2827-2833. [PMID: 37710071 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-023-05971-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of the study was to compare the functional outcomes and the complication rate of the patients with C. acnes contamination at the end of the primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) surgery to those patients without C. acnes contamination. METHOD A total of 162 patients were included. In all cases, skin and deep tissue cultures were obtained. A molecular typing characterization of the C. acnes strains was performed. Functional outcomes were assessed with the Constant score at the two and five year follow-up and all complications were also recorded. RESULTS A total of 1380 cultures were obtained from the 162 primary RSA surgeries. Of those, 96 turned out to be positive for C. acnes. There were 25 patients with positive cultures for C. acnes. The overall postoperative Constant score was not significantly different between those patients having C. acnes-positive cultures and those with negative cultures at the two and five year follow-up (59.2 vs. 59.6 at two years, p 0.870, and 59.5 vs. 62.4 at five years, p 0.360). Patients with positive cultures presented a higher complication rate (p 0.001) with two infections, one revision surgery, and one dislocation. CONCLUSION Patients ending up with C. acnes-positive cultures after primary shoulder arthroplasty surgery do not have worse clinical outcomes when compared to patients having negative cultures, but a greater number of complications were found in those patients with C. acnes-positive cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Torrens
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Passeig Marítim 25-29, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Raquel Marí
- Department of Orthopedics, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital Palma Inca, Palma, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lluís Puig-Verdier
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Passeig Marítim 25-29, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Santana
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Passeig Marítim 25-29, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Alier
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Passeig Marítim 25-29, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Stèphane Corvec
- Service de Bactériologie et des contrôles microbiologiques, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, INSERM, INCIT UMR 1302 F- 44000, Nantes, France
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4
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Chen Y, Knight R, Gallo RL. Evolving approaches to profiling the microbiome in skin disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1151527. [PMID: 37081873 PMCID: PMC10110978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1151527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its harsh and dry environment, human skin is home to diverse microbes, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and microscopic mites. These microbes form communities that may exist at the skin surface, deeper skin layers, and within microhabitats such as the hair follicle and sweat glands, allowing complex interactions with the host immune system. Imbalances in the skin microbiome, known as dysbiosis, have been linked to various inflammatory skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis, acne, and psoriasis. The roles of abundant commensal bacteria belonging to Staphylococcus and Cutibacterium taxa and the fungi Malassezia, where particular species or strains can benefit the host or cause disease, are increasingly appreciated in skin disorders. Furthermore, recent research suggests that the interactions between microorganisms and the host's immune system on the skin can have distant and systemic effects on the body, such as on the gut and brain, known as the "skin-gut" or "skin-brain" axes. Studies on the microbiome in skin disease have typically relied on 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, which cannot provide accurate information about species or strains of microorganisms on the skin. However, advancing technologies, including metagenomics and other functional 'omic' approaches, have great potential to provide more comprehensive and detailed information about the skin microbiome in health and disease. Additionally, inter-species and multi-kingdom interactions can cause cascading shifts towards dysbiosis and are crucial but yet-to-be-explored aspects of many skin disorders. Better understanding these complex dynamics will require meta-omic studies complemented with experiments and clinical trials to confirm function. Evolving how we profile the skin microbiome alongside technological advances is essential to exploring such relationships. This review presents the current and emerging methods and their findings for profiling skin microbes to advance our understanding of the microbiome in skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Richard L. Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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5
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Isler MF, Coates SJ, Boos MD. Climate change, the cutaneous microbiome and skin disease: implications for a warming world. Int J Dermatol 2023; 62:337-345. [PMID: 35599301 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The skin plays an important role in human health by providing barrier protection against environmental stressors. In addition to human skin cells, the cutaneous barrier is also home to a network of organisms that have co-evolved with humans, referred to as the cutaneous microbiome. This network has been demonstrated to play an active role in skin health and the manifestation of cutaneous disease. Here, we review how a warming world and its attendant changes in climatic variables, including temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, and air pollution, influence the cutaneous microbiome and, in turn, skin health. Studies indicate that the cutaneous microbiome is affected by these factors, and these changes may influence the epidemiology and severity of cutaneous disorders including atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, psoriasis, and skin cancer. Further investigation into how the cutaneous microbiome changes in response to climate change and subsequently influences skin disease is needed to better anticipate future dermatologic needs and potentially generate novel therapeutic solutions in response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine F Isler
- WWAMI Medical Education, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.,School of Medicine, WWAMI Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah J Coates
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Markus D Boos
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
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6
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Skin dysbiosis and Cutibacterium acnes biofilm in inflammatory acne lesions of adolescents. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21104. [PMID: 36473894 PMCID: PMC9727105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory disorder affecting more than 80% of young adolescents. Cutibacterium acnes plays a role in the pathogenesis of acne lesions, although the mechanisms are poorly understood. The study aimed to explore the microbiome at different skin sites in adolescent acne and the role of biofilm production in promoting the growth and persistence of C. acnes isolates. Microbiota analysis showed a significantly lower alpha diversity in inflammatory lesions (LA) than in non-inflammatory (NI) lesions of acne patients and healthy subjects (HS). Differences at the species level were driven by the overabundance of C. acnes on LA than NI and HS. The phylotype IA1 was more represented in the skin of acne patients than in HS. Genes involved in lipids transport and metabolism, as well as potential virulence factors associated with host-tissue colonization, were detected in all IA1 strains independently from the site of isolation. Additionally, the IA1 isolates were more efficient in early adhesion and biomass production than other phylotypes showing a significant increase in antibiotic tolerance. Overall, our data indicate that the site-specific dysbiosis in LA and colonization by virulent and highly tolerant C. acnes phylotypes may contribute to acne development in a part of the population, despite the universal carriage of the microorganism. Moreover, new antimicrobial agents, specifically targeting biofilm-forming C. acnes, may represent potential treatments to modulate the skin microbiota in acne.
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7
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Classification of clinical Cutibacterium acnes isolates at phylotype level by capillary electrophoretic methods in roughened fused silica capillary. Talanta 2022; 247:123565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Farfán J, Gonzalez JM, Vives M. The immunomodulatory potential of phage therapy to treat acne: a review on bacterial lysis and immunomodulation. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13553. [PMID: 35910763 PMCID: PMC9332329 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Characterized by an inflammatory pathogenesis, acne is the most common skin disorder worldwide. Altered sebum production, abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes, and microbiota dysbiosis represented by disbalance in Cutibacterium acnes population structure, have a synergic effect on inflammation of acne-compromised skin. Although the role of C. acnes as a single factor in acne development is still under debate, it is known that skin and skin-resident immune cells recognize this bacterium and produce inflammatory markers as a result. Control of the inflammatory response is frequently the target for acne treatment, using diverse chemical or physical agents including antibiotics. However, some of these treatments have side effects that compromise patient adherence and drug safety and in the case of antibiotics, it has been reported C. acnes resistance to these molecules. Phage therapy is an alternative to treat antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and have been recently proposed as an immunomodulatory therapy. Here, we explore this perspective about phage therapy for acne, considering the potential immunomodulatory role of phages. Methodology Literature review was performed using four different databases (Europe PubMed Central-ePMC, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect). Articles were ordered and selected according to their year of publication, number of citations, and quartile of the publishing journal. Results The use of lytic bacteriophages to control bacterial infections has proven its promising results, and anti-inflammatory effects have been found for some bacteriophages and phage therapy. These effects can be related to bacterial elimination or direct interaction with immune cells that result in the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Studies on C. acnes bacteriophages have investigated their lytic activity, genomic structure, and stability on different matrices. However, studies exploring the potential of immunomodulation of these bacteriophages are still scarce. Conclusions C. acnes bacteriophages, as well as other phages, may have direct immunomodulatory effects that are yet to be fully elucidated. To our knowledge, to the date that this review was written, there are only two studies that investigate anti-inflammatory properties for C. acnes bacteriophages. In those studies, it has been evidenced reduction of pro-inflammatory response to C. acnes inoculation in mice after bacteriophage application. Nevertheless, these studies were conducted in mice, and the interaction with the immune response was not described. Phage therapy to treat acne can be a suitable therapeutic alternative to C. acnes control, which in turn can aid to restore the skin's balance of microbiota. By controlling C. acnes colonization, C. acnes bacteriophages can reduce inflammatory reactions triggered by this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Farfán
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - John M. Gonzalez
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Martha Vives
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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9
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Fatima N, Bjarnsholt T, Bay L. Dynamics of skin microbiota in shoulder surgery infections. APMIS 2021; 129:665-674. [PMID: 34587324 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Post-surgical infections arise due to various contributing factors. Most important is the presence of potential pathogenic microorganisms in the skin complemented by the patient´s health status. Cutibacterium acnes is commonly present in the pilosebaceous glands and hair follicle funnels in human skin. After surgical intervention, these highly prevalent, slow-growing bacteria can be found in the deeper tissues and in proximity of implants. C. acnes is frequently implicated in post-surgical infections, often resulting in the need for revision surgery. This review summarizes the current understanding of microbial dynamics in shoulder surgical infections. In particular, we shed light on the contribution of C. acnes to post-surgical shoulder infections as well as their colonization and immune-modulatory potential. Despite being persistently found in post-surgical tissues, C. acnes is often underestimated as a causative organism due to its slow growth and the inefficient detection methods. We discuss the role of the skin environment constituted by microbial composition and host cellular status in influencing C. acnes recolonization potential. Future mapping of the individual skin microbiome in shoulder surgery patients using advanced molecular methods would be a useful approach for determining the risk of post-operative infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naireen Fatima
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Bay
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Bücher C, Burtscher J, Domig KJ. Propionic acid bacteria in the food industry: An update on essential traits and detection methods. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:4299-4323. [PMID: 34355493 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Propionic acid bacteria (PAB) is an umbrella term for a group of bacteria with the ability to produce propionic acid. In the past, due to this common feature and other phenotypic similarities, genetically heterogeneous bacteria were considered as a single genus, Propionibacterium. Members of this genus ranged from "dairy propionibacteria," which are widely known for their role in eye and flavor formation in cheese production, to "cutaneous propionibacteria," which are primarily associated with human skin. In 2016, the introduction of two new genera based on genotypic data facilitated a clear separation of cutaneous (Cutibacterium spp.) from dairy PAB (Propionibacterium spp., Acidipropionibacterium spp.). In light of these taxonomic changes, but with particular emphasis on dairy PAB, this review describes the current state of knowledge about metabolic pathways and other characteristics such as antibiotic resistance and virulence factors. In addition, the relevance of dairy PAB for the food industry and cheese production in particular is highlighted. Furthermore, methods for cultivation, detection, and enumeration are reviewed, incorporating the current taxonomy as well as the potential for routine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Bücher
- Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation (FFoQSI), Tulln, Austria
| | - Johanna Burtscher
- Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad J Domig
- Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
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11
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Fournière M, Bedoux G, Souak D, Bourgougnon N, Feuilloley MGJ, Latire T. Effects of Ulva sp. Extracts on the Growth, Biofilm Production, and Virulence of Skin Bacteria Microbiota: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Cutibacterium acnes Strains. Molecules 2021; 26:4763. [PMID: 34443349 PMCID: PMC8401615 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulva sp. is known to be a source of bioactive compounds such as ulvans, but to date, their biological activity on skin commensal and/or opportunistic pathogen bacteria has not been reported. In this study, the effects of poly- and oligosaccharide fractions produced by enzyme-assisted extraction and depolymerization were investigated, for the first time in vitro, on cutaneous bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Cutibacterium acnes. At 1000 μg/mL, poly- and oligosaccharide fractions did not affect the growth of the bacteria regarding their generation time. Polysaccharide Ulva sp. fractions at 1000 μg/mL did not alter the bacterial biofilm formation, while oligosaccharide fractions modified S. epidermidis and C. acnes biofilm structures. None of the fractions at 1000 μg/mL significantly modified the cytotoxic potential of S. epidermidis and S. aureus towards keratinocytes. However, poly- and oligosaccharide fractions at 1000 μg/mL induced a decrease in the inflammatory potential of both acneic and non-acneic C. acnes strains on keratinocytes of up to 39.8%; the strongest and most significant effect occurred when the bacteria were grown in the presence of polysaccharide fractions. Our research shows that poly- and oligosaccharide Ulva sp. fractions present notable biological activities on cutaneous bacteria, especially towards C. acnes acneic and non-acneic strains, which supports their potential use for dermo-cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Fournière
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines LBCM EA 3884, IUEM, Université Bretagne Sud, 56000 Vannes, France; (G.B.); (N.B.); (T.L.)
- Université Catholique de l’Ouest Bretagne Nord, 22200 Guingamp, France
| | - Gilles Bedoux
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines LBCM EA 3884, IUEM, Université Bretagne Sud, 56000 Vannes, France; (G.B.); (N.B.); (T.L.)
| | - Djouhar Souak
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement LMSM EA4312, Université de Rouen Normandie, 27000 Évreux, France; (D.S.); (M.G.J.F.)
| | - Nathalie Bourgougnon
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines LBCM EA 3884, IUEM, Université Bretagne Sud, 56000 Vannes, France; (G.B.); (N.B.); (T.L.)
| | - Marc G. J. Feuilloley
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement LMSM EA4312, Université de Rouen Normandie, 27000 Évreux, France; (D.S.); (M.G.J.F.)
| | - Thomas Latire
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines LBCM EA 3884, IUEM, Université Bretagne Sud, 56000 Vannes, France; (G.B.); (N.B.); (T.L.)
- Université Catholique de l’Ouest Bretagne Nord, 22200 Guingamp, France
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12
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Unravelling the eco-specificity and pathophysiological properties of Cutibacterium species in the light of recent taxonomic changes. Anaerobe 2021; 71:102411. [PMID: 34265438 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In 2016, a new species name Cutibacterium acnes was coined for the well-documented species, Propionibacterium acnes, one of the most successful and clinically important skin commensals. The nomenclatural changes were brought about through creation of the genus Cutibacterium, when a group of propionibacteria isolates from the skin were transferred from the genus Propionibacterium and placed in the phylum Actinobacteria. Almost simultaneously, the discovery of two novel species of Cutibacterium occurred and the proposal of three subspecies of C. acnes were reported. These dramatic changes that occurred in a long-established taxon made it challenging for the non-specialist to correlate the huge volume of hitherto published work with current findings. In this review, we aim to correlate the eco-specificity and pathophysiological properties of these newly circumscribed taxa. We envisage that this information will shed light on the pathogenic potential of new isolates and enable better assessment of their clinical importance in the foreseeable future. Currently, five species are recognized within the genus: Cutibacterium acnes, Cutibacterium avidum, Cutibacterium granulosum, Cutibacterium modestum (previously, "Propionibacterium humerusii"), and Cutibacterium namnetense. These reside in different niches reflecting their uniqueness in their genetic makeup. Their pathogenicity includes acne inflammation, sarcoidosis, progressive macular hypomelanosis, prostate cancer, and infections (bone, lumbar disc, and heart). This is also the case for the three newly described subspecies of C. acnes, which are C. acnes subspecies acnes (C. acnes type I), subspecies defendens (C. acnes type II), and subspecies elongatum (C. acnes type III). C. acnes subspecies acnes is related to inflamed acne and sarcoidosis, while subspecies defendens to prostate cancer and subspecies elongatum to progressive macular hypomelanosis. Because the current nomenclature is based upon polyphasic analyses of the biochemical and pathogenic characteristics and comparative genomics, it provides a sound basis studying the pathophysiological roles of these species.
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13
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Mayslich C, Grange PA, Dupin N. Cutibacterium acnes as an Opportunistic Pathogen: An Update of Its Virulence-Associated Factors. Microorganisms 2021; 9:303. [PMID: 33540667 PMCID: PMC7913060 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes is a member of the skin microbiota found predominantly in regions rich in sebaceous glands. It is involved in maintaining healthy skin and has long been considered a commensal bacterium. Its involvement in various infections has led to its emergence as an opportunist pathogen. Interactions between C. acnes and the human host, including the human skin microbiota, promote the selection of C. acnes strains capable of producing several virulence factors that increase inflammatory capability. This pathogenic property may be related to many infectious mechanisms, such as an ability to form biofilms and the expression of putative virulence factors capable of triggering host immune responses or enabling C. acnes to adapt to its environment. During the past decade, many studies have identified and characterized several putative virulence factors potentially involved in the pathogenicity of this bacterium. These virulence factors are involved in bacterial attachment to target cells, polysaccharide-based biofilm synthesis, molecular structures mediating inflammation, and the enzymatic degradation of host tissues. C. acnes, like other skin-associated bacteria, can colonize various ecological niches other than skin. It produces several proteins or glycoproteins that could be considered to be active virulence factors, enabling the bacterium to adapt to the lipophilic environment of the pilosebaceous unit of the skin, but also to the various organs it colonizes. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning characterized C. acnes virulence factors and their possible implication in the pathogenicity of C. acnes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Mayslich
- NSERM Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Equipe de Biologie Cutanée, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.M.); (P.A.G.)
| | - Philippe Alain Grange
- NSERM Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Equipe de Biologie Cutanée, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.M.); (P.A.G.)
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénéréologie, Groupe Hospitalier APHP.5, CNR IST Bactériennes—Laboratoire Associé Syphilis, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Dupin
- NSERM Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Equipe de Biologie Cutanée, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.M.); (P.A.G.)
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénéréologie, Groupe Hospitalier APHP.5, CNR IST Bactériennes—Laboratoire Associé Syphilis, 75014 Paris, France
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14
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Bidaud AL, Karam G, Kandel-Aznar C, Ruffier d'Epenoux L, Guillouzouic A, Bémer P, Leroy AG, Corvec S. Low prevalence of Cutibacterium acnes in prostatic tissue biopsies in a French hospital. Anaerobe 2020; 66:102286. [PMID: 33080373 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the Cutibacterium acnes prevalence in prostatic biopsies and characterized the strains at a molecular level. 18 out of 36 biopsies (50%) were sterile after seven days in culture. C. acnes was observed in only two biopsies. Its prevalence was low (5.6%). Finally, the molecular characterization revealed diverse clusters including phylotypes IA1, IB and II.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-L Bidaud
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, France
| | - G Karam
- Service d'Urologie et transplantation, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, France
| | - C Kandel-Aznar
- Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, France
| | - L Ruffier d'Epenoux
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, France; CRCINA, INSERM U1232, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - A Guillouzouic
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, France
| | - P Bémer
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, France
| | - A-G Leroy
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, France
| | - S Corvec
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, France; CRCINA, INSERM U1232, Nantes Université, Nantes, France.
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15
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El Sayed F, Roux AL, Sapriel G, Salomon E, Bauer T, Gaillard JL, Rottman M. Molecular Typing of Multiple Isolates Is Essential to Diagnose Cutibacterium acnes Orthopedic Device-related Infection. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 68:1942-1945. [PMID: 31098616 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes orthopedic device-related infections (ODRIs) range from obvious infections to solely culture-based diagnoses. Multilocus sequence typing of multiple isolates from the same procedure revealed that most cases with normal C-reactive protein levels that were classified as C. acnes ODRI would be considered contaminations when accounting for genotypic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten El Sayed
- Department of Microbiology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt.,Unité mixte de recherche, Inserm
| | - Anne-Laure Roux
- Department of Microbiology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt.,Unité mixte de recherche, Inserm
| | - Guillaume Sapriel
- Faculté Des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin, Montigny-le-Bretonneux.,Atelier de Bioinformatique, Paris
| | - Elsa Salomon
- Department of Microbiology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt.,Unité mixte de recherche, Inserm
| | - Thomas Bauer
- Faculté Des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin, Montigny-le-Bretonneux.,Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt
| | - Jean-Louis Gaillard
- Department of Microbiology, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt.,Unité mixte de recherche, Inserm
| | - Martin Rottman
- Unité mixte de recherche, Inserm.,Microbiology Department, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France
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16
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Propionibacterium/Cutibacterium species-related positive samples, identification, clinical and resistance features: a 10-year survey in a French hospital. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:1357-1364. [PMID: 32125556 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A 10-year retrospective study of Propionibacterium/Cutibacterium-positive samples gathered from hospitalized patients was conducted at Nantes University hospital. A total of 2728 Propionibacterium/Cutibacterium-positive samples analyzed between 2007 and 2016 were included. Due to the implementation of MALDI-TOF identification in 2013, most non-Cutibacterium acnes isolates were identified a second time using this technology. Over that period, Cutibacterium acnes remained the most predominant species accounting for 91.5% (2497/2728) of the isolates, followed by Cutibacterium avidum (4.2%, 115/2728) and Cutibacterium granulosum (2.4%, 64/2728). Regarding the origin of samples, the orthopaedic department was the main Cutibacterium sample provider representing 51.9% (1415/2728) of all samples followed by the dermatology department (11.5%, 315/2728). Samples were recovered from various tissue locations: 31.5% (858/2728) from surgery-related samples such as shoulder, spine or hip replacement devices and 19.1% (520/2728) from skin samples. MALDI-TOF method revealed misidentification before 2013. Cutibacterium avidum was falsely identified as C. granulosum (n = 33). Consequently, MALDI-TOF technology using up-to-date databases should be preferred to biochemical identification in order to avoid biased species identification. Regarding antibiotic resistance, 14.7% (20/136) of C. acnes was resistant to erythromycin. 4.1% (41/1005) of C. acnes strains, 17.9% (12/67) of C. avidum strains and 3.6% (1/28) of C. granulosum strains were found resistant to clindamycin.
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17
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Ellis SR, Nguyen M, Vaughn AR, Notay M, Burney WA, Sandhu S, Sivamani RK. The Skin and Gut Microbiome and Its Role in Common Dermatologic Conditions. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110550. [PMID: 31717915 PMCID: PMC6920876 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms inhabit various areas of the body, including the gut and skin, and are important in maintaining homeostasis. Changes to the normal microflora due to genetic or environmental factors can contribute to the development of various disease states. In this review, we will discuss the relationship between the gut and skin microbiome and various dermatological diseases including acne, psoriasis, rosacea, and atopic dermatitis. In addition, we will discuss the impact of treatment on the microbiome and the role of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R. Ellis
- PotozkinMD Skincare Center, Danville, CA 94526, USA;
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA; (A.R.V.); (M.N.); (W.A.B.)
| | - Mimi Nguyen
- School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (M.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Alexandra R. Vaughn
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA; (A.R.V.); (M.N.); (W.A.B.)
| | - Manisha Notay
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA; (A.R.V.); (M.N.); (W.A.B.)
| | - Waqas A. Burney
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA; (A.R.V.); (M.N.); (W.A.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Simran Sandhu
- School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (M.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Raja K. Sivamani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA; (A.R.V.); (M.N.); (W.A.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
- Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, CA 95815, USA
- Zen Dermatology, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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Liew-Littorin C, Brüggemann H, Davidsson S, Nilsdotter-Augustinsson Å, Hellmark B, Söderquist B. Clonal diversity of Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) in prosthetic joint infections. Anaerobe 2019; 59:54-60. [PMID: 31075312 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are rare but feared complications following joint replacement surgery. Cutibacterium acnes is a skin commensal that is best known for its role in acne vulgaris but can also cause invasive infections such as PJIs. Some phylotypes might be associated with specific diseases, and recently, a plasmid was detected that might harbour important virulence genes. In this study, we characterized C. acnes isolates from 63 patients with PJIs (n = 140 isolates) and from the skin of 56 healthy individuals (n = 56 isolates), using molecular methods to determine the phylotype and investigate the presence of the plasmid. Single-locus sequence typing and a polymerase chain reaction designed to detect the plasmid were performed on all 196 isolates. No statistically significant differences in sequence types were seen between the two study groups indicating that the C. acnes that causes PJIs originates from the patients own normal skin microbiota. Of the 27 patients with multiple tissue samples, 19 displayed the same sequence types among all their samples. Single-locus sequence typing identified different genotypes among consecutive C. acnes isolates from four patients with recurrent infections. The plasmid was found among 17 isolates distributed in both groups, indicating that it might not be a marker for virulence regarding PJIs. Patients presenting multiple sequence types in tissue samples may represent contamination or a true polyclonal infection due to C. acnes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Liew-Littorin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Örebro University Hospital, Sweden.
| | - H Brüggemann
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S Davidsson
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Å Nilsdotter-Augustinsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - B Hellmark
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Örebro University Hospital, Sweden
| | - B Söderquist
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Örebro University Hospital, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Sweden
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Borrel V, Gannesen AV, Barreau M, Gaviard C, Duclairoir-Poc C, Hardouin J, Konto-Ghiorghi Y, Lefeuvre L, Feuilloley MGJ. Adaptation of acneic and non acneic strains of Cutibacterium acnes to sebum-like environment. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e00841. [PMID: 30950214 PMCID: PMC6741132 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes, former Proprionibacterium acnes, is a heterogeneous species including acneic bacteria such as the RT4 strain, and commensal bacteria such as the RT6 strain. These strains have been characterized by metagenomic analysis but their physiology was not investigated until now. Bacteria were grown in different media, brain heart infusion medium (BHI), reinforced clostridial medium (RCM), and in sebum like medium (SLM) specifically designed to reproduce the lipid rich environment of the sebaceous gland. Whereas the RT4 acneic strain showed maximal growth in SLM and lower growth in RCM and BHI, the RT6 non acneic strain was growing preferentially in RCM and marginally in SLM. These differences were correlated with the lipophilic surface of the RT4 strain and to the more polar surface of the RT6 strain. Both strains also showed marked differences in biofilm formation activity which was maximal for the RT4 strain in BHI and for the RT6 strain in SLM. However, cytotoxicity of both strains on HaCaT keratinocytes remained identical and limited. The RT4 acneic strain showed higher inflammatory potential than the RT6 non acneic strain, but the growth medium was without significant influence. Both bacteria were also capable to stimulate β‐defensine 2 secretion by keratinocytes but no influence of the bacterial growth conditions was observed. Comparative proteomics analysis was performed by nano LC‐MS/MS and revealed that whereas the RT4 strain only expressed triacylglycerol lipase, the principal C. acnes virulence factor, when it was grown in SLM, the RT6 strain expressed another virulence factor, the CAMP factor, exclusively when it was grown in BHI and RCM. This study demonstrates the key influence of growth conditions on virulence expression by C. acnesand suggest that acneic and non acneic strains are related to different environmental niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Borrel
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Andrei V Gannesen
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France.,Laboratory of Viability of Microorganisms of Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnologies", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Magalie Barreau
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | | | - Cécile Duclairoir-Poc
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Julie Hardouin
- Laboratory « Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces » (UMR 6270 CNRS), Proteomic Platform PISSARO University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Yoan Konto-Ghiorghi
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Luc Lefeuvre
- R&D Uriage Dermatologic Laboratory, Neuilly sur Seine, France
| | - Marc G J Feuilloley
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
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20
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Corvec S, Dagnelie MA, Khammari A, Dréno B. Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cutibacterium (formerly Propionibacterium) acnes in inflammatory skin diseases. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2018; 146:26-30. [PMID: 30558958 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery, Propionibacterium acnes has undergone various name changes, and has been known since 2016, as Cutibacterium acnes. Herein we set out the history and rational of these taxonomic changes together with a description of a new genus, Cutibacterium, which includes five species within the cutaneous ecosystem. Modern microbiological techniques allow finer distinction between species and subspecies while also enabling the identification of separate subtypes within the population of Cutibacterium acnes. Phylogeny and molecular typing techniques thus provide a better understanding of the subtypes involved in certain inflammatory skin diseases, including acne, folliculitis and progressive macular hypomelanosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Corvec
- Bacterial Department, Nantes University Hospital, CRCINA, université de Nantes, 44049 Nantes, France.
| | - M-A Dagnelie
- Dermatology Department, Nantes University Hospital, CRCINA, CIC 1413, université de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - A Khammari
- Dermatology Department, Nantes University Hospital, CRCINA, CIC 1413, université de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - B Dréno
- Dermatology Department, Nantes University Hospital, CRCINA, CIC 1413, université de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
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21
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O’Neill AM, Gallo RL. Host-microbiome interactions and recent progress into understanding the biology of acne vulgaris. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:177. [PMID: 30285861 PMCID: PMC6169095 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Acne is one of the most common skin diseases worldwide and results in major health care costs and significant morbidity to severely affected individuals. However, the pathophysiology of this disorder is not well understood. Host-microbiome interactions that affect both innate and adaptive immune homeostasis appear to be a central factor in this disease, with recent observations suggesting that the composition and activities of the microbiota in acne is perturbed. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes; formerly Propionibacterium acnes) are two major inhabitants of the skin that are thought to contribute to the disease but are also known to promote health by inhibiting the growth and invasion of pathogens. Because C. acnes is ubiquitous in sebaceous-rich skin, it is typically labeled as the etiological agent of acne yet it fails to fulfill all of Koch's postulates. The outdated model of acne progression proposes that increased sebum production promotes over-proliferation of C. acnes in a plugged hair follicle, thereby driving inflammation. In contrast, growing evidence indicates that C. acnes is equally abundant in both unaffected and acne-affected follicles. Moreover, recent advances in metagenomic sequencing of the acne microbiome have revealed a diverse population structure distinct from healthy individuals, uncovering new lineage-specific virulence determinants. In this article, we review recent developments in the interactions of skin microbes with host immunity, discussing the contribution of dysbiosis to the immunobiology of acne and newly emerging skin microbiome-based therapeutics to treat acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M. O’Neill
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Richard L. Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gillman Dr., #0869, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
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22
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Corvec S, Bémer P, Aubin GG, Guillouzouic A. Letter to the Editor regarding Mahylis et al: "Hemolytic strains of Propionibacterium acnes do not demonstrate greater pathogenicity in periprosthetic shoulder infections". J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2018; 27:e313-e315. [PMID: 30098924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2018.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Corvec
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène hospitalière; CHU Nantes; Nantes, France; CRCINA, INSERM U1232; Université de Nantes; Nantes, France; CRIOGO Centre de référence des Infections Ostéoarticulaires du Grand Ouest members.
| | - Pascale Bémer
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène hospitalière; CHU Nantes; Nantes, France; Nantes CRIOGO Centre de référence des Infections Ostéo-articulaires du Grand Ouest members
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23
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Veraldi S. Two important novelties in etiopathogenesis and therapy of acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32 Suppl 2:3-4. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Veraldi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation; Università degli Studi di Milano; I.R.C.C.S. Foundation; Milan Italy
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