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Rubio-Casillas A, Rodriguez-Quintero CM, Redwan EM, Gupta MN, Uversky VN, Raszek M. Do vaccines increase or decrease susceptibility to diseases other than those they protect against? Vaccine 2024; 42:426-440. [PMID: 38158298 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Contrary to the long-held belief that the effects of vaccines are specific for the disease they were created; compelling evidence has demonstrated that vaccines can exert positive or deleterious non-specific effects (NSEs). In this review, we compiled research reports from the last 40 years, which were found based on the PubMed search for the epidemiological and immunological studies on the non-specific effects (NSEs) of the most common human vaccines. Analysis of information showed that live vaccines induce positive NSEs, whereas non-live vaccines induce several negative NSEs, including increased female mortality associated with enhanced susceptibility to other infectious diseases, especially in developing countries. These negative NSEs are determined by the vaccination sequence, the antigen concentration in vaccines, the type of vaccine used (live vs. non-live), and also by repeated vaccination. We do not recommend stopping using non-live vaccines, as they have demonstrated to protect against their target disease, so the suggestion is that their detrimental NSEs can be minimized simply by changing the current vaccination sequence. High IgG4 antibody levels generated in response to repeated inoculation with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines could be associated with a higher mortality rate from unrelated diseases and infections by suppressing the immune system. Since most COVID-19 vaccinated countries are reporting high percentages of excess mortality not directly attributable to deaths from such disease, the NSEs of mRNA vaccines on overall mortality should be studied in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rubio-Casillas
- Autlan Regional Hospital, Health Secretariat, Autlan 48900, Jalisco, Mexico; Biology Laboratory, Autlan Regional Preparatory School, University of Guadalajara, Autlan 48900, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | | | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
| | - Munishwar Nath Gupta
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Mikolaj Raszek
- Merogenomics (Genomic Sequencing Consulting), Edmonton, AB T5J 3R8, Canada.
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2
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The infectivity and pathogenicity of Hepatitis A virus live-attenuated vaccine strain H2 in type I interferon receptor-deficient mice. Virol Sin 2022; 37:740-745. [PMID: 35863604 PMCID: PMC9583102 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) live-attenuated vaccine H2 strain has been approved for clinical use for decades with ideal safety profiles in nonhuman primate models and humans. Recently, type I interferon (IFN) receptor-deficient mice were shown to be susceptible to HAV infection. Herein, we sought to determine the infection and replication dynamics of the H2 in Ifnar−/− mice that lack type I IFN receptor. Following intravenous injection, the H2 failed to cause obvious clinical symptoms in Ifnar−/− mice, and no significant upregulation in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels was observed. Notably, the histopathological examination showed that there were significant focal infiltrations of lymphocytes and neutrophils in the portal area, but no focal necrosis was observed in liver tissues. Viral RNAs sustained in the liver, and the infectious virus could be recovered from the liver tissue until 42 days post-infection. More importantly, H2 infection induced obvious viremia and persistent viral shedding in feces. In addition, robust HAV-specific humoral immune responses were induced in Ifnar−/− mice. Overall, our study revealed the safety profile of H2 in Ifnar−/− mice, which not only helps understand the attenuation mechanism of H2, but also expands the application of the Ifnar−/− mouse model for HAV studies. We described the characteristics of Ifnar−/− mice infected by HAV H2 strain infection. H2 fails to induce ALT elevationand obvious liver damage in Ifnar−/− mice. H2 causes viremia, persistent viral shedding in feces, and replication in mice liver. H2 induces robust HAV-specific humoral immune responses in Ifnar−/− mice.
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3
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Chen S, Zhao Y, Yang Z, Li Y, Shi H, Zhao T, Yang X, Li J, Li G, Wang J, Ying Z, Yang J. The impact of different IPV-OPV sequential immunization programs on hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccine efficacy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2024063. [PMID: 35044877 PMCID: PMC8993082 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2024063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative has gradually implemented a global shift in polio immunization programs. Few studies cover polio immunization program impacts on the efficacy of other vaccines. This study investigated whether polio immunization programs affected hepatitis A (HepA) and hepatitis B (HepB) vaccination efficacy. Serum samples were collected from 968 infants before the first dose of polio vaccine, 28 days after completing primary polio immunization, and at 24 months old. Infants were classified into six polio immunization program groups: 1sIPV+2bOPV, 2sIPV+1bOPV, 2sIPV+1tOPV, 1cIPV+2bOPV, 2cIPV+1bOPV, and 2cIPV+1tOPV (sIPV: Sabin inactivated poliovirus vaccine; cIPV: Salk inactivated poliovirus vaccine; b, bivalent; t, trivalent; OPV, oral polio vaccine). No significant differences existed in antibody titers against HepA virus (anti-HAV) among the polio immunization program groups at any of the three time points (pre-first dose [p = 0.412], 28 days after primary immunization [p = 0.676], 24 months old [p = 0.556]). Before the first dose (p = 0.178) and at age 24 months (p = 0.987), no significant differences existed in HepB surface antibody (HBsAb) titers between the six polio immunization program groups). Twenty-eight days after primary immunization, no significant difference existed in HBsAb titers between groups after Bonferroni correction. Following HepA and HepB immunization, anti-HAV and HBsAb positivity reached > 98% in all groups, reflecting effective immunization. Our data suggest that different polio immunization programs did not affect HepA and HepB vaccine efficacy; HepA and HepB vaccines maintained high effectiveness irrespective of polio immunization program. This trial was registered on Clinical Trials.gov: NCT03614702.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Chen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yuping Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Zhiyao Yang
- Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Hongyuan Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases
| | - Xiaolei Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases
| | - Guoliang Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Laboratory of respiratory virus vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifang Ying
- Laboratory of respiratory virus vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jingsi Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases
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4
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Peng XL, Cheng JSY, Gong HL, Yuan MD, Zhao XH, Li Z, Wei DX. Advances in the design and development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:67. [PMID: 34911569 PMCID: PMC8674100 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the end of 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide. The RNA genome of SARS-CoV-2, which is highly infectious and prone to rapid mutation, encodes both structural and nonstructural proteins. Vaccination is currently the only effective method to prevent COVID-19, and structural proteins are critical targets for vaccine development. Currently, many vaccines are in clinical trials or are already on the market. This review highlights ongoing advances in the design of prophylactic or therapeutic vaccines against COVID-19, including viral vector vaccines, DNA vaccines, RNA vaccines, live-attenuated vaccines, inactivated virus vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines and bionic nanoparticle vaccines. In addition to traditional inactivated virus vaccines, some novel vaccines based on viral vectors, nanoscience and synthetic biology also play important roles in combating COVID-19. However, many challenges persist in ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Liang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Ji-Si-Yu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Hai-Lun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Meng-Di Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634 Singapore
| | - Dai-Xu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
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5
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Wang X, Luo J, Ma F, Kang G, Ding Z, Pan Y, Zhao Y, Chen J, Feng K, Yan L, Zhang J, Li L, Lan Q, Li D, Yang X, Li G, Yang J, Sun Q. The Safety, Immunogenicity, and Immunopersistence of Hepatitis A Vaccine in HBs-Ag-Positive Participants: A Retrospective Study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:672221. [PMID: 34222044 PMCID: PMC8248179 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.672221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare the safety, immunogenicity, and immune persistence of hepatitis A (HA) vaccines between HBs-Ag-positive and -negative participants. Method 9000 participants were enrolled in the phase IV study of live attenuated HA (HA-L) or inactivated HA (HA-I) vaccines. The HBs-Ag-positive subjects were detected and became an independent observation group. Adverse reactions (ARs), geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) and seroconversion rates (SRs) of the vaccines were analyzed at five time points until three years after vaccination. Results: 120 HBs-Ag-positive subjects were screened out, only 1 participant had grade 1 experienced ARs after HA-L injection. Except the time point of two years, the SRs of HBs-Ag-positive group were 100% for both vaccines. The GMCs were not statistically different between HBs-Ag-positive and -negative groups after the HA-L vaccination. The logarithmically transformed GMCs for HBs-Ag-positive and -negative groups were 3.21 mIU/mL (95% CI, 2.03-4.39 mIU/mL) and 2.95 mIU/mL (95% CI, 2.88-3.02 mIU/mL) 28 days after the HA-L vaccination, respectively. Conclusions Both HA-L and HA-I vaccines were safe for HBs-Ag-positive participants and may provide an excellent long-term protection against HAV in this study. The results indicated that people positive or negative for HBs-Ag can receive both HA-L and HA-I vaccines (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02601040).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Fubao Ma
- Vaccines and Immunization Department, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Guodong Kang
- Vaccines and Immunization Department, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengrong Ding
- Vaccines and Immunization Department, Yunnan Provincial Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Yujiao Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Junying Chen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Kai Feng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Lingmei Yan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Linhao Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiangping Lan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Daiying Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaolei Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Jingsi Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Qiangming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
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6
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Xiaojin S, Rodewald LE, Guomin Z, Hui Z, Ning M, Fuzhen W, Zundong Y. Long-term seropositivity, safety, and impact of inactivated and live, attenuated hepatitis a vaccines in China – A cross-sectional study. Vaccine 2020; 38:8302-8309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Wang X, Pan Y, Chen J, Luo J, Xi J, Ye C, Zhao Y, Qiu L, Weng S, Hong S, Lin Y, Sun Q. The excretion rate and stability of HAAg in human fecal samples after live attenuated hepatitis A vaccination. J Med Virol 2020; 92:3312-3318. [PMID: 32134114 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The live attenuated hepatitis A virus vaccine (HA-L) is in routine use in the Chinese national immunization program (NIP). The major disadvantages of HA-L include that theoretically, it may be possible for mutation shifts and secondary infections of the live vaccine viral strain. The aim of this study was to explore variation in the viral strain after vaccination with the HA-L. A total of 1297 fecal samples (including 470 for the 18 to 36-month-old age group, 527 for the 3 to 16-year-old group, and 300 for the 16 years and older group) were collected in the study, and the rate of hepatitis A virus (HAV) positivity in fecal samples was 11.36% (31/273), 11.44% (31/271), 9.70% (26/268), 8.47% (21/248), and 9.70% (23/237) on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28, respectively. A total of 77 HAV positive samples were randomly selected for VP1/2A (360 bp, 2218-2577) gene analysis. Phylogenetic trees were then constructed by the neighbor-joining method. Phylogenetic analyses showed that all the isolated HAV strains belonged to sub-genotype IB, which was the same as the vaccine strain. Compared with the vaccine strain, HM-175/7MK-5 (M16632.1), there were only two base mutations discovered, at 2291 and 2568. However, the amino acid mutation analysis showed that those base mutations were synonymous mutations. The isolated HAV strains were genetically stable. This study provides a reference for the safety concern regarding the routine and wide-range use in people older than 18 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Junying Chen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Juemin Xi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yujiao Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Songjiao Weng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
| | - Shan Hong
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiangming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Kunming, China
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8
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Guo Y, Zhang L, Feng D, Zhao S, Liu Q, Xu J, Lu M, Li J, Zhang Y, Guo W. The impact of universal live attenuated hepatitis A vaccines in Henan, China, 2005-2018. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 93:163-167. [PMID: 32045695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the effects of one dose of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine in a developing country. METHODS The reported cases of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection from 2005 to 2018 in Henan province, China, were analyzed. Data of vaccinated children were assessed on the childhood immunization information management system. Questionnaire survey and blood sample collection were randomly conducted in six counties and districts of Henan province to analyze the prevalence of HAV lgG among the population aged 0-70 years. RESULTS In 2008, Henan province began to expand its program on immunization, and children aged 18 months were given one dose of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine (HepA-L). From 2005 to 2007, the HAV incidence remained steady at above 5000 cases per year and increased to 7489 in 2007. Since 2008, the HAV incidence decreased cumulatively from 4576 to 237 in 2018, indicating a 94.8% decrease, which was particularly pronounced among adolescents (98.2%). The proportion of hepatitis A cases in patients younger than 10 years continually decreased from 41.6% in 2012 to 3.8% in 2018. The reduction of reported cases older than 40 years was slower than that of children. In 2012, the proportion of hepatitis A cases older than 40 years was 27.6%, and continually increased to 69.2% (164/237) in 2018. The results of serological investigation showed that the 0-1.5-year age group had the lowest anti-HAV IgG prevalence (38.6%), which increased to 75.0% in the 4-6-year age group, covered by this immunization program. CONCLUSIONS The data indicated a large decrease in HAV infections in Henan province from 2008 onward in response to the introduction of a planned immunization program of HepA-L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Guo
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 105, Nongye Rd., 450016, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 105, Nongye Rd., 450016, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Daxing Feng
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 105, Nongye Rd., 450016, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 105, Nongye Rd., 450016, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 105, Nongye Rd., 450016, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jin Xu
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 105, Nongye Rd., 450016, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Mingxia Lu
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 105, Nongye Rd., 450016, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 105, Nongye Rd., 450016, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yanyang Zhang
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 105, Nongye Rd., 450016, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Wanshen Guo
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 105, Nongye Rd., 450016, Zhengzhou, China
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