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Ozen N, Sis Celik A, Terzioglu F, Ozen V, Ozmen O, Kose S, Tosun B, Dogan N, Ardic B, Atabeyoglu Cimen B, Kilic D, Uslu H. Prevention of microbial colonization of feeding tubes in the intensive care unit. Nurs Crit Care 2023; 28:1087-1096. [PMID: 35702975 DOI: 10.1111/nicc.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various microorganisms which increase the mortality rate in the intensive care unit (ICU) cause microbial colonization of the nasogastric tube (NGT) and use the NGT as a reservoir. AIM To detect the colonization on the NGT and to determine the effect that training regarding hand hygiene, NGT management, and enteral feeding (EF) provided to ICU nurses and auxiliary service staff (ASS) has on the level of NGT colonization. STUDY DESIGN A quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test control design was used in this study. Microbial samples were taken from the outer and inner parts of NGT. The microorganisms were categorized as: group 1, no risk; group 2, low risk pathogenic; group 3, high-risk pathogenic group. The training was given to nurses (n = 15) and ASS (n = 7). Hand hygiene, NGT, and EF care training are provided to nurses and ASS by researchers. A total of three training sessions were scheduled to be held in 3 weeks so that all health care staff members were trained. Each session lasted 2 h in total. Patients were assigned to a group if one of the microorganisms presented on the outer surface of the patient's feeding tube and/or on the hub. The hand hygiene compliance was evaluated by direct observation according to the World Health Organization hand hygiene indications. RESULTS The study was conducted with 46 patients. Evaluating the patients for the presence of microorganisms before education revealed that 4.3% were in group 1, 21.8% were in group 2, and 73.9% were in group 3. After the education, evaluating the samples for the presence of microorganisms revealed that 39.1% were in group 1, 13% were in group 2, and 47.8% were in group 3. A statistically significant difference was found between the number of samples included in the groups after the participants had received training (H = 8.186; p = .017). CONCLUSIONS An NGT could act as a reservoir of microbial colonization and high-risk microorganisms could be on the tube. Providing training not only to nurses but also to ASS will help reduce the risk of colonization. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Eliminating such colonization with effective hand hygiene during NGT feeding is a cost-effective method. Providing training not only to nurses but also to ASS will help obtain the optimum benefit from patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurten Ozen
- Florence Nightingale Hospital School of Nursing, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslı Sis Celik
- Department of Birth, Women Health and Gynecology Nursing, Nursing Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Volkan Ozen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Ozmen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sema Kose
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Betul Tosun
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Nazim Dogan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Busra Ardic
- Department of Medical Biology and Microbiology, Kackar City Hospital, Rize, Turkey
| | | | - Dilek Kilic
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Nursing Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hakan Uslu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Wu X, Li X, Yu J, Shen M, Fan C, Lu Y, Gao J, Li X, Li H. Outbreak of OXA-232-producing carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST15 in a Chinese teaching hospital: a molecular epidemiological study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1229284. [PMID: 37671147 PMCID: PMC10475586 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1229284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The incidence of OXA-232-producing carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has been on the rise in China over the past five years, potentially leading to nosocomial epidemics. This study investigates the first outbreak of CRKP in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University. Methods Between February 2021 and March 2022, 21 clinical isolates of OXA-232-producing CRKP were recovered from 16 patients in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University. We conducted antimicrobial susceptibility tests, whole genome sequencing, and bioinformatics to determine the drug resistance profile of these clinical isolates. Results Whole-genome sequencing revealed that all 21 OXA-232-producing CRKP strains belonged to the sequence type 15 (ST15) and shared similar resistance, virulence genes, and plasmid types, suggesting clonal transmission between the environment and patients. Integrated genomic and epidemiological analysis traced the outbreak to two clonal transmission clusters, cluster 1 and cluster 2, including 14 and 2 patients. It was speculated that the CRKP transmission mainly occurred in the ICU, followed by brain surgery, neurosurgery, and rehabilitation department. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the earliest outbreak might have started at least a year before the admission of the index patient, and these strains were closely related to those previously isolated from two major adjacent cities, Shanghai and Hangzhou. Comparative genomics showed that the IncFII-type and IncHI1B-type plasmids of cluster 2 had homologous recombination at the insertion sequence sites compared with the same type of plasmids in cluster 1, resulting in the insertion of 4 new drug resistance genes, including TEM-1, APH(6)-Id, APH(3'')-Ib and sul2. Conclusions Our study observed the clonal spread of ST15 OXA-232-producing between patients and the hospital environment. The integration of genomic and epidemiological data offers valuable insights and facilitate the control of nosocomial transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangchen Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjie Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengli Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenliang Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yewei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junshun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaosi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongsheng Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
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Sereia AFR, Christoff AP, Cruz GNF, da Cunha PA, da Cruz GCK, Tartari DC, Zamparette CP, Klein TCR, Masukawa II, Silva CI, E Vieira MLV, Scheffer MC, de Oliveira LFV, Sincero TCM, Grisard EC. Healthcare-Associated Infections-Related Bacteriome and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling: Assessing Contamination Hotspots in a Developing Country Public Hospital. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:711471. [PMID: 34484149 PMCID: PMC8415557 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.711471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hospital-built environment colonization by healthcare-associated infections-related bacteria (HAIrB) and the interaction with their occupants have been studied to support more effective tools for HAI control. To investigate HAIrB dynamics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile we carried out a 6-month surveillance program in a developing country public hospital, targeting patients, hospital environment, and healthcare workers, using culture-dependent and culture-independent 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods. The bacterial abundance in both approaches shows that the HAIrB group has important representativeness, with the taxa Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, E. coli, and A. baumannii widely dispersed and abundant over the time at the five different hospital units included in the survey. We observed a high abundance of HAIrB in the patient rectum, hands, and nasal sites. In the healthcare workers, the HAIrB distribution was similar for the hands, protective clothing, and mobile phones. In the hospital environment, the healthcare workers resting areas, bathrooms, and bed equipment presented a wide distribution of HAIrB and AMR, being classified as contamination hotspots. AMR is highest in patients, followed by the environment and healthcare workers. The most frequently detected beta-lactamases genes were, blaSHV–like, blaOXA–23–like, blaOXA–51–like, blaKPC–like, blaCTX–M–1, blaCTX–M–8, and blaCTX–M–9 groups. Our results demonstrate that there is a wide spread of antimicrobial resistance due to HAIrB in the hospital environment, circulating among patients and healthcare workers. The contamination hotspots identified proved to be constant over time. In the fight for patient safety, these findings can reorient practices and help to set up new guidelines for HAI control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Fernanda Rodrigues Sereia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,BiomeHub, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | - Patrícia Amorim da Cunha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | - Caetana Paes Zamparette
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopólis, Brazil
| | - Taise Costa Ribeiro Klein
- Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ivete Ioshiko Masukawa
- Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Clarice Iomara Silva
- Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Vieira E Vieira
- Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mara Cristina Scheffer
- Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edmundo Carlos Grisard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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