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Dong Y, Wu T, Jiang T, Zhu W, Chen L, Cao Y, Xiao Y, Peng Y, Wang L, Yu X, Zhong T. Chitosan-coated liposome with lysozyme-responsive properties for on-demand release of levofloxacin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132271. [PMID: 38734330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
As an anti-infection antibiotic delivery route, a drug-controlled release system based on a specific condition stimulus response can enhance drug stability and bioavailability, reduce antibiotic resistance, achieve on-demand release and improve targeting and utilization efficiency. In this study, chitosan-coated liposomes containing levofloxacin (Lef@Lip@CS) were prepared with lysozyme in body fluids serving as an intelligent "switch" to enable accurate delivery of antibiotics through the catalytic degradation ability of chitosan. Good liposome encapsulation efficacy (64.89 ± 1.86 %) and loading capacity (5.28 ± 0.18 %) were achieved. The controlled-release behavior and morphological characterization before and after enzymatic hydrolysis confirmed that the levofloxacin release rate depended on the lysozyme concentration and the degrees of deacetylation of chitosan. In vitro bacteriostatic experiments showed significant differences in the effects of Lef@Lip@CS before and after enzyme addition, with 6-h inhibition rate of 72.46 % and 100 %, and biofilm removal rates of 51 % and 71 %, respectively. These findings show that chitosan-coated liposomes are a feasible drug delivery system responsive to lysozyme stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Tong Wu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Wanying Zhu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Linyan Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Yuantong Cao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Ying Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Ye Peng
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Ling Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Xi Yu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau.
| | - Tian Zhong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau.
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Tyagi P, Tyagi S, Stewart L, Glickman S. SWOT and Root Cause Analyses of Antimicrobial Resistance to Oral Antimicrobial Treatment of Cystitis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:328. [PMID: 38667004 PMCID: PMC11047466 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Nearly 150 million cases of urinary tract infections (UTIs) are reported each year, of which uncomplicated cystitis triggers > 25% of outpatient prescriptions of oral antimicrobial treatment (OAT). OAT aids immune cells infiltrating the urothelium in eliminating uropathogens capable of invading the urothelium and surviving hyperosmotic urine. This self-evident adaptability of uropathogens and the short interval between the introduction of Penicillin and the first report of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) implicate AMR as an evolutionary conserved heritable trait of mutant strains selected by the Darwinian principle to survive environmental threats through exponential proliferation. Therefore, AMR can only be countered by antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) following the principle of the five Ds-drug, dose, duration, drug route, and de-escalation. While convenient to administer, the onset of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for OAT in urine leaves a window of opportunity for uropathogens to survive the first contact with an antimicrobial and arm their descendant colonies with AMR for surviving subsequent higher urine antimicrobial levels. Meanwhile, the initial dose of intravesical antimicrobial treatment (IAT) may be well above the MIC. Therefore, the widespread clinical use of OAT for cystitis warrants an analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunity, and threats (SWOTs) and a root cause analysis of the AMR associated with OAT and IAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Tyagi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Shachi Tyagi
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
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Eleftheriotis G, Marangos M, Lagadinou M, Bhagani S, Assimakopoulos SF. Oral Antibiotics for Bacteremia and Infective Endocarditis: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Microorganisms 2023; 11:3004. [PMID: 38138148 PMCID: PMC10745436 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11123004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteremia and endocarditis are two clinical syndromes that, for decades, were managed exclusively with parenteral antimicrobials, irrespective of a given patient's clinical condition, causative pathogen, or its antibiotic susceptibility profile. This clinical approach, however, was based on low-quality data and outdated expert opinions. When a patient's condition has improved, gastrointestinal absorption is not compromised, and an oral antibiotic regimen reaching adequate serum concentrations is available, a switch to oral antibacterials can be applied. Although available evidence has reduced the timing of the oral switch in bacteremia to three days/until clinical improvement, there are only scarce data regarding less than 10-day intravenous antibiotic therapy in endocarditis. Many standard or studied oral antimicrobial dosages are smaller than the approved doses for parenteral administration, which is a risk factor for treatment failure; in addition, the gastrointestinal barrier may affect drug bioavailability, especially when the causative pathogen has a minimum inhibitory concentration that is close to the susceptibility breakpoint. A considerable number of patients infected by such near-breakpoint strains may not be potential candidates for oral step-down therapy to non-highly bioavailable antibiotics like beta-lactams; different breakpoints should be determined for this setting. This review will focus on summarizing findings about pathogen-specific tailoring of oral step-down therapy for bacteremia and endocarditis, but will also present laboratory and clinical data about antibiotics such as beta-lactams, linezolid, and fosfomycin that should be studied more in order to elucidate their role and optimal dosage in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Eleftheriotis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece; (G.E.); (M.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Markos Marangos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece; (G.E.); (M.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Maria Lagadinou
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece; (G.E.); (M.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Sanjay Bhagani
- Department of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London NW3 2QG, UK;
| | - Stelios F. Assimakopoulos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece; (G.E.); (M.M.); (M.L.)
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Geyer AC, VanLangen KM, Jameson AP, Dumkow LE. Outcomes of high-dose oral beta-lactam definitive therapy compared to fluoroquinolone or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole oral therapy for bacteremia secondary to a urinary tract infection. ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP & HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY : ASHE 2023; 3:e148. [PMID: 37771747 PMCID: PMC10523554 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2023.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective Compare outcomes of patients receiving high-dose oral beta-lactam versus standard oral therapy for Enterobacterales bacteremia from a urinary tract infection (UTI). Design Retrospective, multicenter, observational cohort. Setting Three Michigan community teaching hospitals. Patients Adult patients admitted between February 1, 2020, and October 1, 2022, with gram-negative bacteremia from a urinary source were evaluated. Patients receiving active empiric intravenous (IV) antibiotics and transitioned to appropriately dosed oral cephalexin, amoxicillin, fluoroquinolone (FQ), or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) were included. Patients receiving less than 72 hours of oral therapy, diagnosed with renal abscess, lobar nephronia, or expired during admission were excluded. Methods Standard oral therapy was defined as FQ or TMP/SMX. The primary outcome compared the composite of recurrent bacteremia or mortality within 30 days of therapy between groups. Secondary outcomes compared recurrent UTI, emergency department or hospital readmission, and Clostridioides difficile within 30 days. Results 194 patients were included (beta-lactam, n = 75 vs standard therapy, n =119). Patients in both groups were treated for a median of 11 days, with 4 days IV and 7 days oral therapy. There was no difference in the primary outcome between groups (beta-lactam 1.3% vs standard therapy 1.7%, OR 1.27 [95% CI 0.11-14.2]). No patients experienced C. difficile in either group (p = 1.0). Infectious disease consultation was independently associated with standard therapy prescribing (OR 4.4 [95% CI 2.24-8.26]). Conclusion High-dose oral beta-lactams were as safe and effective as oral FQ or TMP/SMX for the treatment of bacteremia from a urinary source. Most patients received 8-10 days of therapy in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C. Geyer
- Department of Pharmacy, Trinity Health Grand Rapids, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Kali M. VanLangen
- Department of Pharmacy, Trinity Health Grand Rapids, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Ferris State University, College of Pharmacy, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Andrew P. Jameson
- Division of Infectious Disease, Trinity Health Grand Rapids, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Lisa E. Dumkow
- Department of Pharmacy, Trinity Health Grand Rapids, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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Aflakian F, Mirzavi F, Aiyelabegan HT, Soleimani A, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Karimi-Sani I, Rafati Zomorodi A, Vakili-Ghartavol R. Nanoparticles-based therapeutics for the management of bacterial infections: A special emphasis on FDA approved products and clinical trials. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 188:106515. [PMID: 37402428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial resistance has increased in recent decades as a result of the extensive and indiscriminate use of antibiotics. The World Health Organization listed antimicrobial resistance as one of ten major global public health threats in 2021. In particular, six major bacterial pathogens, including third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were found to have the highest resistance-related death rates in 2019. To respond to this urgent call, the creation of new pharmaceutical technologies based on nanoscience and drug delivery systems appears to be the promising strategy against microbial resistance in light of recent advancements, particularly the new knowledge of medicinal biology. Nanomaterials are often defined as substances having sizes between 1 and 100 nm. If the material is used on a small scale; its properties significantly change. They come in a variety of sizes and forms to help provide distinguishing characteristics for a wide range of functions. The field of health sciences has demonstrated a strong interest in numerous nanotechnology applications. Therefore, in this review, prospective nanotechnology-based therapeutics for the management of bacterial infections with multiple medication resistance are critically examined. Recent developments in these innovative treatment techniques are described, with an emphasis on preclinical, clinical, and combinatorial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Aflakian
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshad Mirzavi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Anvar Soleimani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Cihan University-Sulaimaniya, Sulaimaniya, 46001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Iman Karimi-Sani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Rafati Zomorodi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Roghayyeh Vakili-Ghartavol
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Cortes-Penfield NW, Armstrong DG, Brennan MB, Fayfman M, Ryder JH, Tan TW, Schechter MC. Evaluation and Management of Diabetes-related Foot Infections. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:e1-e13. [PMID: 37306693 PMCID: PMC10425200 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - David G Armstrong
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Meghan B Brennan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Maya Fayfman
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Medicine, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jonathan H Ryder
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tze-Woei Tan
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marcos C Schechter
- Department of Medicine, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Tamma PD, Cosgrove SE. Which trial do we need? Early oral antibiotic therapy for the treatment of gram-negative bloodstream infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023:S1198-743X(23)00082-4. [PMID: 36805881 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pranita D Tamma
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Sara E Cosgrove
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sutton JD, Spivak ES. Oral step-down with β-lactams for uncomplicated Enterobacterales bacteraemia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 29:408-410. [PMID: 36586511 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Sutton
- Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Emily S Spivak
- Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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