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Bardini R, Di Carlo S. Computational methods for biofabrication in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine - a literature review. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:601-616. [PMID: 38283852 PMCID: PMC10818159 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This literature review rigorously examines the growing scientific interest in computational methods for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine biofabrication, a leading-edge area in biomedical innovation, emphasizing the need for accurate, multi-stage, and multi-component biofabrication process models. The paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric and contextual analysis, followed by a literature review, to shed light on the vast potential of computational methods in this domain. It reveals that most existing methods focus on single biofabrication process stages and components, and there is a significant gap in approaches that utilize accurate models encompassing both biological and technological aspects. This analysis underscores the indispensable role of these methods in understanding and effectively manipulating complex biological systems and the necessity for developing computational methods that span multiple stages and components. The review concludes that such comprehensive computational methods are essential for developing innovative and efficient Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine biofabrication solutions, driving forward advancements in this dynamic and evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bardini
- Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Polytechnic University of Turin, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, Turin, 10129, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Carlo
- Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Polytechnic University of Turin, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, Turin, 10129, Italy
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Marchiori G, Berni M, Boi M, Filardo G. Cartilage mechanical tests: Evolution of current standards for cartilage repair and tissue engineering. A literature review. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2019; 68:58-72. [PMID: 31158591 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repair procedures and tissue engineering are solutions available in the clinical practice for the treatment of damaged articular cartilage. Regulatory bodies defined the requirements that any products, intended to regenerate cartilage, should have to be applied. In order to verify these requirements, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, USA) and the International Standard Organization (ISO) indicated some Standard tests, which allow evaluating, in a reproducible way, the performances of scaffolds/treatments for cartilage tissue regeneration. METHODS A review of the literature about cartilage mechanical characterization found 394 studies, from 1970 to date. They were classified by material (simulated/animal/human cartilage) and method (theoretical/applied; static/dynamic; standard/non-standard study), and analyzed by nation and year of publication. FINDINGS While Standard methods for cartilage mechanical characterization still refer to studies developed in the eighties, expertise and interest on cartilage mechanics research are evolving continuously and internationally, with studies both in vitro - on human and animal tissues - and in silico, dealing with tissue function and modelling, using static and dynamic loading conditions. INTERPRETATION there is a consensus on the importance of mechanical characterization that should be considered to evaluate cartilage treatments. Still, relative Standards need to be updated to describe advanced constructs and procedures for cartilage regeneration in a more exhaustive way. The use of the more complex, fibre-reinforced biphasic model, instead of the standard simple biphasic model, to describe cartilage response to loading, and the standardisation of dynamic tests can represent a first step in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Marchiori
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Biomechanics and Technology Innovation, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matteo Berni
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Biomechanics and Technology Innovation, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Boi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, NanoBiotechnology Laboratory (NaBi), Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, NanoBiotechnology Laboratory (NaBi), Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Applied and Translational Research Center, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Castro APG, Lacroix D. Micromechanical study of the load transfer in a polycaprolactone-collagen hybrid scaffold when subjected to unconfined and confined compression. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2018; 17:531-541. [PMID: 29129026 PMCID: PMC5845056 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0976-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Scaffolds are used in diverse tissue engineering applications as hosts for cell proliferation and extracellular matrix formation. One of the most used tissue engineering materials is collagen, which is well known to be a natural biomaterial, also frequently used as cell substrate, given its natural abundance and intrinsic biocompatibility. This study aims to evaluate how the macroscopic biomechanical stimuli applied on a construct made of polycaprolactone scaffold embedded in a collagen substrate translate into microscopic stimuli at the cell level. Eight poro-hyperelastic finite element models of 3D printed hybrid scaffolds from the same batch were created, along with an equivalent model of the idealized geometry of that scaffold. When applying an 8% confined compression at the macroscopic level, local fluid flow of up to 20 [Formula: see text]m/s and octahedral strain levels mostly under 20% were calculated in the collagen substrate. Conversely unconfined compression induced fluid flow of up to 10 [Formula: see text]m/s and octahedral strain from 10 to 35%. No relevant differences were found amongst the scaffold-specific models. Following the mechanoregulation theory based on Prendergast et al. (J Biomech 30:539-548, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(96)00140-6 ), those results suggest that mainly cartilage or fibrous tissue formation would be expected to occur under unconfined or confined compression, respectively. This in silico study helps to quantify the microscopic stimuli that are present within the collagen substrate and that will affect cell response under in vitro bioreactor mechanical stimulation or even after implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P G Castro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for in Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Pam Liversidge Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - D Lacroix
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for in Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Pam Liversidge Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
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Sánchez-Correa F, Vidaurre-Agut C, Serrano-Aroca Á, Campillo-Fernández AJ. Poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) hydrogels reinforced with graphene oxide: Remarkable improvement of water diffusion and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Sánchez-Correa
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, CBIT, Universitat Politècnica de València; Valencia 46022 Spain
| | - C. Vidaurre-Agut
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València; Valencia 46022 Spain
| | - Á. Serrano-Aroca
- Department of Applied and Technological Sciences, Bioengineering and Cellular Therapy Group, Faculty of Veterinary and Experimental Sciences; Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Guillem de Castro 94; Valencia 46001 Spain
| | - A. J. Campillo-Fernández
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, CBIT, Universitat Politècnica de València; Valencia 46022 Spain
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Manzano S, Doblaré M, Doweidar MH. Parameter-dependent behavior of articular cartilage: 3D mechano-electrochemical computational model. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 122:491-502. [PMID: 26506530 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Changes in mechano-electrochemical properties of articular cartilage play an essential role in the majority of cartilage diseases. Despite of this importance, the specific effect of each parameter into tissue behavior remains still obscure. Parametric computational modeling of cartilage can provide some insights into this matter, specifically the study of mechano-electrochemical properties variation and their correlation with tissue swelling, water and ion fluxes. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of the main mechanical and electrochemical parameters on the determination of articular cartilage behavior by a parametric analysis through a 3D finite element model. METHODS For this purpose, a previous 3D mechano-electrochemical model, developed by the same authors, of articular cartilage behavior has been used. Young's modulus, Poisson coefficient, ion diffusivities and ion activity coefficients variations have been analyzed and quantified through monitoring tissue simulated response. RESULTS Simulation results show how Young's modulus and Poisson coefficient control tissue behavior rather than electrochemical properties. Meanwhile, ion diffusivity and ion activity coefficients appear to be vital in controlling velocity of incoming and outgoing fluxes. CONCLUSIONS This parametric study establishes a basic guide when defining the main properties that are essential to be included into computational modeling of articular cartilage providing a helpful tool in tissue simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Manzano
- Group of Structural Mechanics and Materials Modelling (GEMM), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Spain; Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Architecture (EINA), University of Zaragoza, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Manuel Doblaré
- Group of Structural Mechanics and Materials Modelling (GEMM), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Spain; Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Architecture (EINA), University of Zaragoza, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Mohamed Hamdy Doweidar
- Group of Structural Mechanics and Materials Modelling (GEMM), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Spain; Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Architecture (EINA), University of Zaragoza, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
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Manzano S, Manzano R, Doblaré M, Doweidar MH. Altered swelling and ion fluxes in articular cartilage as a biomarker in osteoarthritis and joint immobilization: a computational analysis. J R Soc Interface 2015; 12:20141090. [PMID: 25392400 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In healthy cartilage, mechano-electrochemical phenomena act together to maintain tissue homeostasis. Osteoarthritis (OA) and degenerative diseases disrupt this biological equilibrium by causing structural deterioration and subsequent dysfunction of the tissue. Swelling and ion flux alteration as well as abnormal ion distribution are proposed as primary indicators of tissue degradation. In this paper, we present an extension of a previous three-dimensional computational model of the cartilage behaviour developed by the authors to simulate the contribution of the main tissue components in its behaviour. The model considers the mechano-electrochemical events as concurrent phenomena in a three-dimensional environment. This model has been extended here to include the effect of repulsion of negative charges attached to proteoglycans. Moreover, we have studied the fluctuation of these charges owning to proteoglycan variations in healthy and pathological articular cartilage. In this sense, standard patterns of healthy and degraded tissue behaviour can be obtained which could be a helpful diagnostic tool. By introducing measured properties of unhealthy cartilage into the computational model, the severity of tissue degeneration can be predicted avoiding complex tissue extraction and subsequent in vitro analysis. In this work, the model has been applied to monitor and analyse cartilage behaviour at different stages of OA and in both short (four, six and eight weeks) and long-term (11 weeks) fully immobilized joints. Simulation results showed marked differences in the corresponding swelling phenomena, in outgoing cation fluxes and in cation distributions. Furthermore, long-term immobilized patients display similar swelling as well as fluxes and distribution of cations to patients in the early stages of OA, thus, preventive treatments are highly recommended to avoid tissue deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Manzano
- Group of Structural Mechanics and Materials Modelling (GEMM), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Spain Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Architecture (EINA), University of Zaragoza, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Raquel Manzano
- LAGENBIO-I3A, Veterinary School, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel Doblaré
- Group of Structural Mechanics and Materials Modelling (GEMM), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Spain Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Architecture (EINA), University of Zaragoza, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Mohamed Hamdy Doweidar
- Group of Structural Mechanics and Materials Modelling (GEMM), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Spain Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Architecture (EINA), University of Zaragoza, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
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Manzano S, Moreno-Loshuertos R, Doblaré M, Ochoa I, Hamdy Doweidar M. Structural biology response of a collagen hydrogel synthetic extracellular matrix with embedded human fibroblast: computational and experimental analysis. Med Biol Eng Comput 2015; 53:721-35. [PMID: 25835213 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-015-1277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adherent cells exert contractile forces which play an important role in the spatial organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Due to these forces, the substrate experiments a volume reduction leading to a characteristic shape. ECM contraction is a key process in many biological processes such as embryogenesis, morphogenesis and wound healing. However, little is known about the specific parameters that control this process. With this aim, we present a 3D computational model able to predict the contraction process of a hydrogel matrix due to cell-substrate mechanical interaction. It considers cell-generated forces, substrate deformation, ECM density, cellular migration and proliferation. The model also predicts the cellular spatial distribution and concentration needed to reproduce the contraction process and confirms the minimum value of cellular concentration necessary to initiate the process observed experimentally. The obtained continuum formulation has been implemented in a finite element framework. In parallel, in vitro experiments have been performed to obtain the main model parameters and to validate it. The results demonstrate that cellular forces, migration and proliferation are acting simultaneously to display the ECM contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Manzano
- Group of Structural Mechanics and Materials Modelling (GEMM), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (13A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Poveda-Reyes S, Gamboa-Martínez TC, Manzano S, Hamdy Doweidar M, Gómez Ribelles JL, Ochoa I, Gallego Ferrer G. Engineering Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of Poly(2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate) asEx VivoPlatforms for Articular Cartilage Regeneration. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2014.1002132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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