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Zhang XC, Zhang Q, Wu GF, Hu HT, Lin L, Tian S, Hao LL, Wang T. Evaluation of enhanced external counterpulsation for diabetic foot based on a patient-specific 0D-1D cardiovascular system model. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 255:108333. [PMID: 39047576 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Diabetic foot (DF) complications often lead to severe vascular issues. This study investigated the effectiveness of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) and its derived innovative compression strategies in addressing poor perfusion in DF. Although developing non-invasive and efficient treatment methods for DF is critical, the hemodynamic alterations during EECP remain underexplored despite promising outcomes in microcirculation. This research sought to address this gap by developing a patient-specific 0D-1D model based on clinical ultrasound data to identify potentially superior compression strategies that could substantially enhance blood flow in patients with DF complications. METHODS Data were gathered from 10 patients with DF utilizing ultrasound for blood flow rate and computed tomography angiography (CTA) to identify lower limb conditions. Clinical measurements during standard EECP, with varying cuff pressures, facilitated the creation of a patient-specific 0D-1D model through a two-step parameter estimation process. The accuracy of this model was verified via comparison with the clinical measurements. Four compression strategies were proposed and rigorously evaluated using this model: EECP-Simp-I (removing hip cuffs), EECP-Simp-II (further removing the cuffs around the lower leg), EECP-Impr-I (removing all cuffs around the affected side), and EECP-Impr-II (building a loop circulation from the healthy side to the affected side). RESULTS The predicted results under the rest and standard EECP states were generally closely aligned with clinical measurements. The patient-specific 0D-1D model demonstrated that EECP-Simp-I and EECP-Impr-I contributed similar enhancement to perfusion in the dorsal artery (DA) and were comparable to standard EECP, while EECP-Simp-II had the least effect and EECP-Impr-II displayed the most significant enhancement. Pressure at the aortic root (AO) remained consistent across strategies. CONCLUSIONS EECP-Simp-I is recommended for patients with DF, emphasizing device simplification. However, EECP-Simp-II is discouraged as it significantly diminished blood perfusion in this study, except in cases of limb fragility. EECP-Impr-II showed superior enhancement of blood perfusion in DA to all other strategies but required a more complex EECP device. Despite increased AO pressure in all the proposed compression strategies, safety could be guaranteed as the pressue remained within a safe range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China; Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China; Department of Cardiology, Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China; College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110167, China
| | - Gui-Fu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Hai-Tao Hu
- Department of Wound Repairment, Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Shuai Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China.
| | - Li-Ling Hao
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110167, China.
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China.
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Sonmez F, Karagoz S, Yildirim O, Firat I. Experimental and numerical investigation of the stenosed coronary artery taken from the clinical setting and modeled in terms of hemodynamics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2024; 40:e3793. [PMID: 37975163 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The study was carried out to investigate the effect of the artery with different pulse values and stenosis rates on the pressure drop, the peristaltic pump outlet pressure, fractional flow reserve (FFR) and most importantly the amount of power consumed by the peristaltic pump. For this purpose, images taken from the clinical environment were produced as models (10 mm inlet diameter) with 0% and 70% percent areal stenosis rates (PSR) on a three-dimensional (3D) printer. In the experimental system, pure water was used as the fluid at 54, 84, 114, 132, and 168 bpm pulse values. In addition, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyzes of the test region were performed using experimental boundary conditions with the help of ANSYS-Fluent software. The findings showed that as PSR increases in the arteries, the pressure drop in the stenosis region increases and this amount increases dramatically with increasing effort. An increase of approximately 40% was observed in the pump outlet pressure value from 54 bpm to 168 bpm in the PSR 0% model and 51% increase in the PSR 70% model. It has been observed that the pump does more work to overcome the increased pressure difference due to increased pulse rate and PSR. With the effect of contraction, the power consumption of the pump increased from 9.2% for 54 bpm to 13.8% for 168 bpm. In both models, the Wall Shear Stress (WSS) increased significantly. WSS increased abruptly in the stenosis and arcuate regions, while sudden decreases were observed in the flow separation region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Sonmez
- Artvin Vocational School, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Sendogan Karagoz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Orhan Yildirim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ilker Firat
- Ilic Dursun Yildirim Vocational School, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey
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Kizhisseri M, Gharaie S, Boopathy SR, Lim RP, Mohammadzadeh M, Schluter J. Differential sensitivities to blood pressure variations in internal carotid and intracranial arteries: a numerical approach to stroke prediction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22319. [PMID: 38102319 PMCID: PMC10724219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains a global health concern, necessitating early prediction for effective management. Atherosclerosis-induced internal carotid and intra cranial stenosis contributes significantly to stroke risk. This study explores the relationship between blood pressure and stroke prediction, focusing on internal carotid artery (ICA) branches: middle cerebral artery (MCA), anterior cerebral artery (ACA), and their role in hemodynamics. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) informed by the Windkessel model were employed to simulate patient-specific ICA models with introduced stenosis. Central to our investigation is the impact of stenosis on blood pressure, flow velocity, and flow rate across these branches, incorporating Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) analysis. Results highlight differential sensitivities to blood pressure variations, with M1 branch showing high sensitivity, ACA moderate, and M2 minimal. Comparing blood pressure fluctuations between ICA and MCA revealed heightened sensitivity to potential reverse flow compared to ICA and ACA comparisons, emphasizing MCA's role. Blood flow adjustments due to stenosis demonstrated intricate compensatory mechanisms. FFR emerged as a robust predictor of stenosis severity, particularly in the M2 branch. In conclusion, this study provides comprehensive insights into hemodynamic complexities within major intracranial arteries, elucidating the significance of blood pressure variations, flow attributes, and FFR in stenosis contexts. Subject-specific data integration enhances model reliability, aiding stroke risk assessment and advancing cerebrovascular disease understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhsin Kizhisseri
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Saleh Gharaie
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia.
| | | | | | | | - Jorg Schluter
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
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Jannati S, Shahri MN, Jafarzadeh N, Firouzi F. Non-Newtonian pulsatile blood flow through the stenosed arteries: comparison between the viscoelastic and elastic arterial wall in response to the alterations. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2023; 9:065022. [PMID: 37820604 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the impact of aortic stenosis on the hemodynamics of pulsatile blood flow within a 3D aortic model. Employing a non-Newtonian Casson model with a hematocrit of 45%, our study introduces a preliminary hypothesis to simulate blood flow dynamics, incorporating both linear elastic and viscoelastic models to define the mechanical characteristics of the artery. Through simulations conducted with Ansys-Cfx (version 15), we utilize a 2-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) approach, employing a Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation with second-order accuracy. We explore the influence of stenosis severity on variables including velocity profiles, pressure distribution, shear stress, wall displacement, and changes in the OSI parameter. Our investigation encompasses arteries with both elastic and viscoelastic walls. The key findings that arise from our results highlight the viscoelastic model's demonstration of reduced radial wall displacement when compared to the linear elastic model. Additionally, we observe that elevated arterial stenosis percentages lead to the elongation of vortex length, heightened wall shear stress, and increased slope of velocity profiles downstream of the stenosed region. Furthermore, bulky obstruction of viscoelastic arteries as opposed to elastic, resulted in a maximum 5 percent increase in velocity profile and a 29.6% decrease in radial displacement. The zenith of shear stress occurs concomitantly with the velocity's peak within the stenosed area. Viscoelastic arterial wall shear stress at the stenosis site escalates due to the rapid expansion of the stenosis. The viscoelastic wall, responding with a blend of viscous and elastic characteristics to applied stress, undergoes slight deformation in shape. Following stress reduction, the wall gradually reverts to its original form, thus alleviating some of the applied stress. In contrast, the elastic wall retains its altered shape due to stress preservation within the material. Additionally, we ascertain an augmentation in radial displacement corresponding with increased artery stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahel Jannati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Azad University of Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Nahid Jafarzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Iran
| | - Faramarz Firouzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Azad University of Mashhad, Iran
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Numerical analysis of the fluid-solid interactions during steady and oscillatory flows of non-Newtonian fluids through deformable porous media. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Park J, Kim J, Lee J. Multivariable Technique for the Evaluation of the Trans-stenotic Pressure Gradient. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2023; 14:104-114. [PMID: 35879586 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-022-00638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study establishes a reliable image-based multivariable technique for measuring the trans-stenotic pressure gradient. METHODS A self-made in vitro steady flow model based on adjustable velocities and stenotic properties were used as the experimental subject. The pre-stenotic flow velocity, severity, and length of the stenosis were used as the input variables. Based on equations used to fit the plots of the physically measured pressure gradient values versus each input variable, a multivariable formula for the pressure gradient measurement could then be derived. The flow model was scanned using velocity-encoded phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) to validate the derived formula while simultaneously measuring the trans-stenotic pressure gradient. The correlation between the physically-measured pressure gradient values and the pressure gradient values calculated using the new formula were subsequently analyzed. RESULTS The results of linear regression analysis using the physically measured pressure gradient values for the new method were compared to values obtained using the simplified Bernoulli equation (R2, 0.991, and 0.975, respectively). In a paired t-test, no statistically significant difference was found between the new method and the physical measurements. CONCLUSIONS The derived multivariable technique was found to reliably measure the trans-stenotic pressure gradient, with better performance than a traditional procedure based on the simplified Bernoulli equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Park
- Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghun Kim
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University & Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jongmin Lee
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University & Hospital, 50, Samduk 2-ga, Jung Gu, Daegu, 700-721, Republic of Korea.
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Albadawi M, Abuouf Y, Elsagheer S, Sekiguchi H, Ookawara S, Ahmed M. Influence of Rigid-Elastic Artery Wall of Carotid and Coronary Stenosis on Hemodynamics. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:708. [PMID: 36421109 PMCID: PMC9687628 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular system abnormalities can result in serious health complications. By using the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) procedure, a comprehensive realistic approach can be employed to accurately investigate blood flow coupled with arterial wall response. The hemodynamics was investigated in both the coronary and carotid arteries based on the arterial wall response. The hemodynamics was estimated based on the numerical simulation of a comprehensive three-dimensional non-Newtonian blood flow model in elastic and rigid arteries. For stenotic right coronary artery (RCA), it was found that the maximum value of wall shear stress (WSS) for the FSI case is higher than the rigid wall. On the other hand, for the stenotic carotid artery (CA), it was found that the maximum value of WSS for the FSI case is lower than the rigid wall. Moreover, at the peak systole of the cardiac cycle (0.38 s), the maximum percentage of arterial wall deformation was found to be 1.9%. On the other hand, for the stenotic carotid artery, the maximum percentage of arterial wall deformation was found to be 0.46%. A comparison between FSI results and those obtained by rigid wall arteries is carried out. Findings indicate slight differences in results for large-diameter arteries such as the carotid artery. Accordingly, the rigid wall assumption is plausible in flow modeling for relatively large diameters such as the carotid artery. Additionally, the FSI approach is essential in flow modeling in small diameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamed Albadawi
- Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), P.O. Box 179, New Borg El-Arab City 5221241, Egypt
- Biomedical Flow Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Engineering Mathematics and Physics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5424041, Egypt
| | - Yasser Abuouf
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5424041, Egypt
| | - Samir Elsagheer
- Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), P.O. Box 179, New Borg El-Arab City 5221241, Egypt
- Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Hidetoshi Sekiguchi
- Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), P.O. Box 179, New Borg El-Arab City 5221241, Egypt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shinichi Ookawara
- Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), P.O. Box 179, New Borg El-Arab City 5221241, Egypt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Mahmoud Ahmed
- Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), P.O. Box 179, New Borg El-Arab City 5221241, Egypt
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
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SHINDE SHUBHAM, MUKHOPADHYAY SUDIPTO, MUKHOPADHYAY SUMANTO. INVESTIGATION OF FLOW IN AN IDEALIZED CURVED ARTERY: COMPARATIVE STUDY USING CFD AND FSI WITH NEWTONIAN AND NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS. J MECH MED BIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519422500105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Artery curvatures, where disturbed flow patterns are expected, are preferred sites of formation of atherosclerosis. Experimental studies have shown that low and oscillating wall shear stress (WSS) plays an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Accurate estimation of these biomechanical parameters is important to assess the risk of atherosclerosis formation. The coupled effects of non-Newtonian behavior of blood and artery wall flexibility for the transient blood flow through an idealized curved coronary artery are investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as well as fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulations. The choice of fluid model, Carreau and Newtonian, was found to impact the time averaged and minimum WSS values. The effects of wall deformation on time averaged wall shear tress were negligible. However, a comparison of temporal minima of WSS along the curvature showed significant variations between CFD and FSI simulations. Since low WSS values are crucial in the prediction of atherosclerosis development, it is concluded that both the non-Newtonian behavior of blood and the wall flexibility should be considered for computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- SHUBHAM SHINDE
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - SUDIPTO MUKHOPADHYAY
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - SUMANTO MUKHOPADHYAY
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, St. Bartholomew Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Bahrami S, Norouzi M. Hemodynamic impacts of hematocrit level by two-way coupled FSI in the left coronary bifurcation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 76:9-26. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-200854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is now under the influence of several factors that encourage researchers to investigate the flow of these vessels. Oscillation influences the blood circulation in the volume of red blood cells (RBC) strongly. Therefore, in this study, its effects have been considered on hemodynamic parameters in the elastic wall and coronary bifurcation. In this study, a 3D geometry of non-Newtonian and pulsatile blood circulation is considered in the left coronary artery bifurcation. The Casson model with various hematocrits is analyzed in elastic and rigid walls. The wall shear stress (WSS) cannot show the stenosis artery alone, therefore, the oscillatory shear index (OSI) is represented as a hemodynamic parameter of WSS individually of time. The results are determined using two-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) coupling method using an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method. The most prominent difference in velocity happened in the bifurcation and at hematocrit 30 with yield stress 6.59E-04 Pa. The backflow and vortex flow in the LCx branch grown with increasing shear rates. The likelihood of plaque generation at the ending of the LM branch is observed in hematocrits 10 and 20, while the WSS magnitude is normal in the hematocrit 60 with the greatest yield stress in the bifurcation. The shear stress among the rigid and elastic models is the highest at the ending of the LM branch. The wall shear stress magnitude among the models decreased at most of 24.49% by dividing the flow. Time-independent results for models showed that there is the highest value of OSI at the bifurcation, which then quickly dropped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Bahrami
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Norouzi
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Semnan, Iran
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Elhanafy A, Elsaid A, Guaily A. Numerical investigation of hematocrit variation effect on blood flow in an arterial segment with variable stenosis degree. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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11
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Yan SR, Zarringhalam M, Toghraie D, Foong LK, Talebizadehsardari P. Numerical investigation of non-Newtonian blood flow within an artery with cone shape of stenosis in various stenosis angles. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 192:105434. [PMID: 32182442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In this work, a numerical study is done on the blood flow inside an artery with a cone shape of stenosis. An artery has different stenosis angles. Also, blood flow is energized by constant heat flux which is applied on the wall. The finite volume method is employed to determine blood properties on the basis of a Sisko fluid model with different constant parameters. METHODS Firstly, the effects of applying constant heat flux of q'' = 4 W/m2 are studied on the velocity profile of blood flow inside an artery with stenosis angles of φ = 0.5°. Afterward, effects of different stenosis angles of φ = 0.25, φ = 0.5, φ = 0.75, φ = 1 and φ = 1.25 is studied on blood flow temperature profile. Then, different values of the Sisko model are employed to investigate influences of Newtonian and non-Newtonian behaviors of blood fluid on the temperature profiles of blood flow inside an artery with stenosis angle of φ = 0.5°. RESULTS It is reported that with increasing stenosis angles, blood flow temperature is decreased due to velocity enhancement. This phenomenon is convinced by non-slip condition and sticking non-Newtonian blood fluid to the internal surface of artery wall which reduce velocity from wall surface region to central region of vessel. Also, it is concluded that changing behavior of blood fluid from non-Newtonian to Newtonian behaviors can empower the capability of blood in thermal energy transfer inside human body vessels. CONCLUSIONS Any treatment by balloon angioplasty, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, and serum injection, which changes the behavior of blood flow inside body veins, can be effective on blood flow temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Rong Yan
- Institute of Smart Finance, Yango University, Fuzhou 350015, China
| | - Majid Zarringhalam
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Toghraie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran.
| | - Loke Kok Foong
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam.
| | - Pouyan Talebizadehsardari
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Pandey R, Kumar M, Majdoubi J, Rahimi-Gorji M, Srivastav VK. A review study on blood in human coronary artery: Numerical approach. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 187:105243. [PMID: 31805457 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study of blood flow in human coronary artery is one of the emerging fields of Biomed- ical engineering. In present review paper, Finite Volume Method with governing equations and boundary conditions are briefly discussed for different coronary models. Many researchers have come up with astonishing results related to the various factors (blood viscosity, rate of blood flow, shear stress on the arterial wall, Reynolds number, etc.) affecting the hemodynamic of blood in the right/left coronary artery. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of all those work done by the researchers to justify their work related to factors which hampers proper functioning of heart and lead to Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Governing equations like Navier-stokes equations, continuity equations etc. are widely used and are solved using CFD solver to get a clearer view of coronary artery blockage. Different boundary conditions and blood properties published in the last ten years are summarized in the tabulated form. This table will help new researchers to work on this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Pandey
- Department of Mathematics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Mathematics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, India.
| | - Jihen Majdoubi
- Department of Computer Science, College of Science and Humanities at Alghat, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Rahimi-Gorji
- Experimental Surgery Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Vivek Kumar Srivastav
- Department of Mathematics & Computing, Motihari college of Engineering, Bihar, India.
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Hirschhorn M, Tchantchaleishvili V, Stevens R, Rossano J, Throckmorton A. Fluid–structure interaction modeling in cardiovascular medicine – A systematic review 2017–2019. Med Eng Phys 2020; 78:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Xu L, Chen X, Cui M, Ren C, Yu H, Gao W, Li D, Zhao W. The improvement of the shear stress and oscillatory shear index of coronary arteries during Enhanced External Counterpulsation in patients with coronary heart disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230144. [PMID: 32191730 PMCID: PMC7082042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP) can chronically relieve ischemic chest pain and improve the prognosis of coronary heart disease (CHD). Despite its role in mitigating heart complications, EECP and the mechanisms behind its therapeutic nature, such as its effects on blood flow hemodynamics, are still not fully understood. This study aims to elucidate the effect of EECP on significant hemodynamic parameters in the coronary arterial tree. Methods A finite volume method was used in conjunction with the inlet pressure wave (surrogated by the measured aortic pressure) before and during EECP and outlet flow resistance, assuming the blood as newtonian fluid. The time-average wall shear stress (TAWSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI) were determined from the flow field. Results Regardless of the degree of vascular stenosis, hemodynamic conditions and flow patterns could be improved during EECP. In comparison with the original tree, the tree with a severe stenosis (75% area stenosis) demonstrated more significant improvement in hemodynamic conditions and flow patterns during EECP, with surface area ratio of TAWSS risk area (SAR-TAWSS) reduced from 12.3% to 6.7% (vs. SAR-TAWSS reduced from 7.2% to 5.6% in the original tree) and surface area ratio of OSI risk area (SAR-OSI) reduced from 6.8% to 2.5% (vs. SAR-OSI of both 0% before and during EECP in the original tree because of mild stenosis). Moreover, it was also shown that small ratio of diastolic pressure (D) and systolic pressure (S) (D/S) could only improve the hemodynamic condition mildly. The SAR-TAWSS reduction ratio significantly increased as D/S became larger. Conclusions A key finding of the study was that the improvement of hemodynamic conditions along the LMCA trees during EECP became more significant with the increase of D/S and the severity degree of stenoses at the bifurcation site. These findings have important implications on EECP as adjuvant therapy before or after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with diffuse atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyi Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongguo Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (DGL); (WZ)
| | - Wei Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (DGL); (WZ)
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15
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Cortez CM, Silva D. Biological Stress as a Principle of Nature: A Review of Literature. OPEN JOURNAL OF BIOPHYSICS 2020; 10:150-173. [DOI: 10.4236/ojbiphy.2020.103012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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16
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Numerical study of the pulsatile flow depending on non-Newtonian viscosity in a stenosed microchannel. J Vis (Tokyo) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12650-019-00601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Hong H, Song JM, Yeom E. Variations in pulsatile flow around stenosed microchannel depending on viscosity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210993. [PMID: 30677055 PMCID: PMC6345426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In studying blood flow in the vessels, the characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid are important, considering the role of viscosity in rheology. Stenosis, which is an abnormal narrowing of the vessel, has an influence on flow behavior. Therefore, analysis of blood flow in stenosed vessels is essential. However, most of them exist as simulation outcomes. In this study, non-Newtonian fluid was observed in stenosed microchannels under the pulsatile flow condition. A polydimethylsiloxane channel with 60% stenosis was fabricated by combining an optic fiber and a petri dish, resembling a mold. Three types of samples were prepared by changing the concentrations of xanthan gum, which induces a shear thinning effect (phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution as the Newtonian fluid and two non-Newtonian fluids mimicking normal blood and highly viscous blood analog). The viscosity of the samples was measured using a Y-shaped microfluidic viscometer. Thereafter, velocity profiles were analyzed under the pulsatile flow condition using the micro-particle image velocimetry (PIV) method. For the Newtonian fluid, the streamline was skewed more to the wall of the channel. The velocity profile of the non-Newtonian fluid was generally blunter than that of the Newtonian fluid. A highly oscillating wall shear stress (WSS) during the pulsatile phase may be attributed to such a bluntness of flow under the same wall shear rate condition with the Newtonian fluid. In addition, a highly viscous flow contributes to the variation in the WSS after passing through the stenosed structures. A similar tendency was observed in simulation results. Such a variation in the WSS was associated with plaque instability or rupture and damage of the tissue layer. These results, related to the influence on the damage to the endothelium or stenotic lesion, may help clinicians understand relevant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonji Hong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jae Min Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Eunseop Yeom
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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18
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Bahrami S, Norouzi M. A numerical study on hemodynamics in the left coronary bifurcation with normal and hypertension conditions. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2018; 17:1785-1796. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-018-1056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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