Evaluation of bone dose arising from skin cancer brachytherapy: A comparison between 192Ir and 60Co sources through Monte Carlo simulations

75Se - A promising alternative to 192Ir for potential use in the skin cancer brachytherapy: A Monte Carlo simulation study using FLUKA code

This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of utilizing the HDR ⁷⁵Se source for skin cancer brachytherapy. In this work, based on the BVH-20 skin applicator, two cup-shaped applicators, without and with the flattening filter, were modeled. To obtain the optimal flattening filter shape, an approach based on the MC simulation in combination with an analytical estimation was used. Then, the dose distributions for ⁷⁵Se-applicators were generated using MC simulations in water, and their dosimetric characterizations such as flatness, symmetry, and penumbra were evaluated. Furthermore, the radiation leakage in the backside of the applicators was estimated by additional MC simulation. Finally, to evaluate the treatment times, calculations were performed for two ⁷⁵Se-applicators assuming 5 Gy per fraction. The flatness, symmetry, and penumbra values for the ⁷⁵Se-applicator without the flattening filter were estimated to be 13.7%, 1.05, and 0.41 cm respectively. The corresponding values for ⁷⁵Se-applicator with the flattening filter were estimated to be 1.6%, 1.06, and 0.10 cm respectively. The radiation leakage value at a distance of 2 cm from the applicator surface was calculated to be 0.2% and 0.4% for the ⁷⁵Se-applicator without and with the flattening filter respectively. Our results showed that the treatment time for the ⁷⁵Se-applicator is comparable with that of the ¹⁹²Ir-Leipzig applicator. The findings revealed that the dosimetric parameters of the ⁷⁵Se applicator are comparable with the ¹⁹²Ir skin applicator. Overall, the ⁷⁵Se source can be an alternative to ¹⁹²Ir sources for HDR brachytherapy of skin cancer.