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Chen X, Li X, Wang P, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Zhao G, Xu H, Zhu J, Qin X, Chen S, Hu L, Kong X. Novel association strategy with copy number variation for identifying new risk Loci of human diseases. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12185. [PMID: 20808825 PMCID: PMC2924882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Copy number variations (CNV) are important causal genetic variations for human disease; however, the lack of a statistical model has impeded the systematic testing of CNVs associated with disease in large-scale cohort. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we developed a novel integrated strategy to test CNV-association in genome-wide case-control studies. We converted the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) signal to copy number states using a well-trained hidden Markov model. We mapped the susceptible CNV-loci through SNP site-specific testing to cope with the physiological complexity of CNVs. We also ensured the credibility of the associated CNVs through further window-based CNV-pattern clustering. Genome-wide data with seven diseases were used to test our strategy and, in total, we identified 36 new susceptible loci that are associated with CNVs for the seven diseases: 5 with bipolar disorder, 4 with coronary artery disease, 1 with Crohn's disease, 7 with hypertension, 9 with rheumatoid arthritis, 7 with type 1 diabetes and 3 with type 2 diabetes. Fifteen of these identified loci were validated through genotype-association and physiological function from previous studies, which provide further confidence for our results. Notably, the genes associated with bipolar disorder converged in the phosphoinositide/calcium signaling, a well-known affected pathway in bipolar disorder, which further supports that CNVs have impact on bipolar disorder. Conclusions/Significance Our results demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of our CNV-association analysis and provided an alternative avenue for discovering new associated loci of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenguo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Computer Aided Design and Computer Graphics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Suchao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Computer Aided Design and Computer Graphics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Landian Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyin Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Umbach JA, Zhao Y, Gundersen CB. Lithium enhances secretion from large dense-core vesicles in nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells. J Neurochem 2005; 94:1306-14. [PMID: 16111479 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Considerable attention has been focused on the therapeutic role of lithium (Li) in bipolar disorders. Although no consensus has emerged, Li presumably influences the behavior of neurons that regulate mood and behavior. Using PC12 cells to study cellular and molecular actions of Li, we previously reported that Li modulates the expression of proteins associated with large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs; organelles typically containing monoamines, neuropeptides and other cargo proteins). The current investigation indicates that this enhanced expression of LDCV proteins correlates with an altered secretory phenotype in Li-treated cells. Immunoblotting detects significant increases in the cellular content and secretion of the LDCV cargo proteins chromogranin B and secretogranin II. Amperometry reveals an increase of spike number elicited by K+-depolarization of Li-treated cells but no change of spike amplitude or kinetics. Electron microscopy reveals no significant change in LDCV number per unit area in Li-treated cells. However, there is a significant increase (about 15%) in the diameter of LDCVs after Li. Thus, Li induces changes in the properties of LDCVs that culminate in augmented regulated secretion in nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells. These results extend our understanding of Li-dependent changes of cellular function that may be germane to the therapeutic action of Li.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy A Umbach
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-177019, USA.
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