1
|
Arboit F, Pereira GC, Fialho MFP, Becker G, Brum EDS, Pillat MM, Bochi GV, Portela LOC, Zanchet EM. Dual Approach to Depression: The Combined Efficacy of Intermittent Hypoxia and Fluoxetine in Modulating Behavioral and Inflammatory Responses. Biomedicines 2024; 12:2116. [PMID: 39335629 PMCID: PMC11430548 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12092116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Mental disorders pose a significant public health challenge, affecting millions worldwide. Given the limitations of current therapies, many patients experience inadequate responses and adverse effects. Intermittent hypoxia (IH) has demonstrated anxiolytic, antidepressant, and neuroprotective properties in various protocols. This study investigated the effects of acute IH (13% O2, 1 h), fluoxetine (FLX) and their combination on depression-like behavior, serum corticosterone, and inflammatory cytokine levels induced by acute restraint stress in C57BL/6 female mice. Methods: Behavioral assessments included the tail suspension test, forced swim test, and open field test. Results: The combined IH + FLX treatment exhibited a synergistic effect, reducing immobility time and increasing latency time, respectively, in the tail suspension test (46%, p = 0.0014; 73%, p = 0.0033) and forced swim test (56%, p = 0.0082; 48%, p = 0.0322) compared to the ARS group. Biochemical analysis revealed that individual and combined treatments significantly reduced most inflammatory interleukins by up to 96%. Corticosterone levels were reduced by 30% only in the IH group. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of a one-hour IH session, particularly when combined with fluoxetine, to alleviate depressive-like behaviors and exert anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting a promising therapeutic approach for depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francini Arboit
- Center of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (F.A.); (G.C.P.); (M.M.P.); (G.V.B.)
| | - Gabriele Cheiran Pereira
- Center of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (F.A.); (G.C.P.); (M.M.P.); (G.V.B.)
| | - Maria Fernanda Pessano Fialho
- Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (M.F.P.F.); (G.B.); (E.d.S.B.)
| | - Gabriela Becker
- Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (M.F.P.F.); (G.B.); (E.d.S.B.)
| | - Evelyne da Silva Brum
- Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (M.F.P.F.); (G.B.); (E.d.S.B.)
| | - Micheli Mainardi Pillat
- Center of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (F.A.); (G.C.P.); (M.M.P.); (G.V.B.)
| | - Guilherme Vargas Bochi
- Center of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (F.A.); (G.C.P.); (M.M.P.); (G.V.B.)
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Osório Cruz Portela
- Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil;
| | - Eliane Maria Zanchet
- Center of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (F.A.); (G.C.P.); (M.M.P.); (G.V.B.)
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Clinical and biochemical manifestations of depression: relation to the neurobiology of stress. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:581976. [PMID: 25878903 PMCID: PMC4387963 DOI: 10.1155/2015/581976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic, recurrent, and severe psychiatric disorder with high mortality and medical comorbidities. Stress-related pathways have been directly involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of MDD. The present paper provides an overview on the stress system as a model to understand key pathophysiological paradigms in MDD. These mechanisms involve behavioral, cognitive, and systemic manifestations and are also associated with the mechanisms of action of effective antidepressants. Aspects such as depression subtypes, inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and prothrombotic states in critical brain circuits and periphery are critically appraised. Finally, new strategies for approaching treatment-resistant major depression and potential adverse effects associated with this complex and intricate network are highlighted. The authors used PubMed as the database for this review. Each author extracted relevant data and assessed the methodological quality of each study.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
This study examined the changes in cortisol levels and psychological distress symptoms of 83 nonclinical subjects receiving a single hour long intervention. Subjects were randomly assigned to either an emotional freedom technique (EFT) group, a psychotherapy group receiving a supportive interviews (SI), or a no treatment (NT) group. Salivary cortisol assays were performed immediately before and 30 minutes after the intervention. Psychological distress symptoms were assessed using the symptom assessment-45. The EFT group showed statistically significant improvements in anxiety (-58.34%, p < 0.05), depression (-49.33%, p < 0.002), the overall severity of symptoms (-50.5%, p < 0.001), and symptom breadth (-41.93%, p < 0.001). The EFT group experienced a significant decrease in cortisol level (-24.39%; SE, 2.62) compared with the decrease observed in the SI (-14.25%; SE, 2.61) and NT (-14.44%; SE, 2.67) groups (p < 0.03). The decrease in cortisol levels in the EFT group mirrored the observed improvement in psychological distress.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kanazawa T, Adachi E, Orimo S, Nakamura A, Mizusawa H, Uchihara T. Pale neurites, premature α-synuclein aggregates with centripetal extension from axon collaterals. Brain Pathol 2011; 22:67-78. [PMID: 21672073 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2011.00509.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive aggregation of α-synuclein (αS) from pale bodies (PBs) and extension from Lewy neurites (LNs) are candidate mechanisms for Lewy body (LB) formation. To identify how aggregation of αS is related to its extension along neurites, 60-µm-thick brainstem sections of Parkinson disease (PD) patients were prepared for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of αS-positive neurites with neurofilament (NF) and thiazin red (TR), a fluorochrome with an affinity to solid aggregates. This demonstrated 3D layering of αS surrounded by NF with the aggregates probed by TR in the center, corresponding to the eosinophilic core of mature LBs. This eosinophilic/TR-positive profile, characteristically absent in PBs, premature counterpart of LBs, was similarly absent in some LNs. We would like to refer these premature LNs as "pale neurites" (PNs). Their premature nature was evidenced by 3D fluoroprofiling with quantum dots (QDs) and subsequent electron microscopic identification (3D-oriented immunoelectron microscopy) as loosely packed αS (QDs)-positive filaments. Quantification of LNs, frequently extended around branching axons, demonstrated that LNs are initiated at axon collaterals to extend centripetally into proximal segments. This branching-oriented extension of αS is related to its selective predisposition to systems with highly divergent axons, preferentially affected in PD, which may explain barely somatotopic manifestations of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Kanazawa
- Laboratory of Strucutural Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hwang LC, Chang CJ, Liu HH, Kao HC, Lee SY, Jan ML, Chen CC. Imaging the availability of serotonin transporter in rat brain with 123I-ADAM and small-animal SPECT. Nucl Med Commun 2007; 28:615-21. [PMID: 17625383 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0b013e32825a67cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imaging serotonin transporters during antidepressant treatment in small animals is a useful tool for preclinical study during drug development. In this work, we aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of using 123I-ADAM and small-animal SPECT to monitor serotonin transporter availabilities in rat brains prior to and after administration of a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats with and without administration of citalopram (4 mg x kg body weight) were examined in this study. During the process rat brains were scanned using a double-headed microSPECT system equipped with pinhole collimators. SPECT tomographic images and X-ray computed tomography (CT) were acquired after introducing 123I-ADAM via the tail vein. The 123I-ADAM specific binding was assessed by SPECT/CT fused image to draw regions of interest in the midbrain and cerebellum. Ex-vivo autoradiography was carried out as a parallel investigation to validate the SPECT technique. RESULTS SPECT images displayed specific binding ratio in midbrain to be 0.91+/-0.30 averaged from three rats. Drug occupancies (95.47+/-1.56)% were shown after administration of citalopram in a dosage of 4 mg x kg. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the serotonin transporter availability during antidepressant treatment in small animals can be assessed semi-quantitatively by using 123I-ADAM and SPECT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chung Hwang
- Radiation A, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|