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Juretić D, Bonačić Lošić Ž. Theoretical Improvements in Enzyme Efficiency Associated with Noisy Rate Constants and Increased Dissipation. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 26:151. [PMID: 38392406 PMCID: PMC10888251 DOI: 10.3390/e26020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed the extraordinarily large catalytic efficiency of some enzymes. High catalytic proficiency is an essential accomplishment of biological evolution. Natural selection led to the increased turnover number, kcat, and enzyme efficiency, kcat/KM, of uni-uni enzymes, which convert a single substrate into a single product. We added or multiplied random noise with chosen rate constants to explore the correlation between dissipation and catalytic efficiency for ten enzymes: beta-galactosidase, glucose isomerase, β-lactamases from three bacterial strains, ketosteroid isomerase, triosephosphate isomerase, and carbonic anhydrase I, II, and T200H. Our results highlight the role of biological evolution in accelerating thermodynamic evolution. The catalytic performance of these enzymes is proportional to overall entropy production-the main parameter from irreversible thermodynamics. That parameter is also proportional to the evolutionary distance of β-lactamases PC1, RTEM, and Lac-1 when natural or artificial evolution produces the optimal or maximal possible catalytic efficiency. De novo enzyme design and attempts to speed up the rate-limiting catalytic steps may profit from the described connection between kinetics and thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Juretić
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Šetalište Ivana Meštrovića 45, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Šterk M, Markovič R, Marhl M, Fajmut A, Dobovišek A. Response to "Comments on the paper 'Flexibility of enzymatic transitions as a hallmark of optimized enzyme steady-state kinetics and thermodynamics'". Comput Biol Chem 2021; 95:107572. [PMID: 34531143 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2021.107572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Šterk
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Rene Markovič
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Education, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Energy Technology, Hočevarjev trg 1, 8270 Krško, Slovenia
| | - Marko Marhl
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Education, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Fajmut
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Žitna ulica 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Dobovišek
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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Gallifuoco A, Papa AA, Taglieri L. Modeling biomass hydrothermal carbonization by the maximum information entropy criterion. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00002k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of biomass hydrothermal carbonization is modeled by the MaxEnt principle, without assuming a reaction network. Modeling is in good accordance with the experimental data concerning a broad range of biomass and reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gallifuoco
- University of L'Aquila
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering & Economics
- Italy
| | | | - Luca Taglieri
- University of L'Aquila
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering & Economics
- Italy
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Vallino JJ, Tsakalakis I. Phytoplankton Temporal Strategies Increase Entropy Production in a Marine Food Web Model. ENTROPY 2020; 22:e22111249. [PMID: 33287017 PMCID: PMC7712749 DOI: 10.3390/e22111249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We develop a trait-based model founded on the hypothesis that biological systems evolve and organize to maximize entropy production by dissipating chemical and electromagnetic free energy over longer time scales than abiotic processes by implementing temporal strategies. A marine food web consisting of phytoplankton, bacteria, and consumer functional groups is used to explore how temporal strategies, or the lack thereof, change entropy production in a shallow pond that receives a continuous flow of reduced organic carbon plus inorganic nitrogen and illumination from solar radiation with diel and seasonal dynamics. Results show that a temporal strategy that employs an explicit circadian clock produces more entropy than a passive strategy that uses internal carbon storage or a balanced growth strategy that requires phytoplankton to grow with fixed stoichiometry. When the community is forced to operate at high specific growth rates near 2 d−1, the optimization-guided model selects for phytoplankton ecotypes that exhibit complementary for winter versus summer environmental conditions to increase entropy production. We also present a new type of trait-based modeling where trait values are determined by maximizing entropy production rather than by random selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Vallino
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ioannis Tsakalakis
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA;
- Department of Earth, Atmosphere and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Rapid solidification and surface topography for additive manufacturing with beam surface heating. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Delali Bensah Y, Sekhar JA. Solidification Morphology and Bifurcation Predictions with the Maximum Entropy Production Rate Model. ENTROPY 2019; 22:e22010040. [PMID: 33285815 PMCID: PMC7516463 DOI: 10.3390/e22010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of the principle of maximum entropy generation per unit volume is a new approach in materials science that has implications for understanding the morphological evolution during solid-liquid interface growth, including bifurcations with or without diffuseness. A review based on a pre-publication arXiv preprint is first presented. A detailed comparison with experimental observations indicates that the Maximum Entropy Production Rate-density model (MEPR) can correctly predict bifurcations for dilute alloys during solidification. The model predicts a critical diffuseness of the interface at which a plane-front or any other form of diffuse interface will become unstable. A further confidence test for the model is offered in this article by comparing the predicted liquid diffusion coefficients to those obtained experimentally. A comparison of the experimentally determined solute diffusion constant in dilute binary Pb-Sn alloys with those predicted by the various solidification instability models (1953-2011) is additionally discussed. A good predictability is noted for the MEPR model when the interface diffuseness is small. In comparison, the more traditional interface break-down models have low predictiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw Delali Bensah
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana;
| | - J. A. Sekhar
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- Correspondence:
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Martyushev LM. Minimal time, Weibull distribution and maximum entropy production principle. Phys Life Rev 2019; 28:83-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Martyushev LM. Living systems do not minimize free energy: Comment on "Answering Schrödinger's question: A free-energy formulation" by Maxwell James Dèsormeau Ramstead et al. Phys Life Rev 2017; 24:40-41. [PMID: 29129485 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid M Martyushev
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia; Institute of Industrial Ecology, 20 S. Kovalevskoy Str., Ekaterinburg, 620219, Russia.
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Dobovišek A, Vitas M, Brumen M, Fajmut A. Energy conservation and maximal entropy production in enzyme reactions. Biosystems 2017; 158:47-56. [PMID: 28602731 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A procedure for maximization of the density of entropy production in a single stationary two-step enzyme reaction is developed. Under the constraints of mass conservation, fixed equilibrium constant of a reaction and fixed products of forward and backward enzyme rate constants the existence of maximum in the density of entropy production is demonstrated. In the state with maximal density of entropy production the optimal enzyme rate constants, the stationary concentrations of the substrate and the product, the stationary product yield as well as the stationary reaction flux are calculated. The test, whether these calculated values of the reaction parameters are consistent with their corresponding measured values, is performed for the enzyme Glucose Isomerase. It is found that calculated and measured rate constants agree within an order of magnitude, whereas the calculated reaction flux and the product yield differ from their corresponding measured values for less than 20 % and 5 %, respectively. This indicates that the enzyme Glucose Isomerase, considered in a non-equilibrium stationary state, as found in experiments using the continuous stirred tank reactors, possibly operates close to the state with the maximum in the density of entropy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Dobovišek
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Marko Vitas
- Laze pri Borovnici 38, 1353 Borovnica, Slovenia
| | - Milan Brumen
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Žitna ulica 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Fajmut
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Žitna ulica 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Entropy production guides energy budget: Comment on "Physics of metabolic organization" by Marko Jusup et al. Phys Life Rev 2017; 20:69-71. [PMID: 28108124 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Compromise between minimization and maximization of entropy production in reversible Gray–Scott model. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sekhar JA. Editorial overview: Materials engineering: The shape of materials engineering for the next 100 years. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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