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Çamur C, Babu R, Suárez Del Pino JA, Rampal N, Pérez-Carvajal J, Hügenell P, Ernst SJ, Silvestre-Albero J, Imaz I, Madden DG, Maspoch D, Fairen-Jimenez D. Monolithic Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for Energy-Efficient Water Adsorption Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209104. [PMID: 36919615 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Space cooling and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) accounts for roughly 10% of global electricity use and are responsible for ca. 1.13 gigatonnes of CO2 emissions annually. Adsorbent-based HVAC technologies have long been touted as an energy-efficient alternative to traditional refrigeration systems. However, thus far, no suitable adsorbents have been developed which overcome the drawbacks associated with traditional sorbent materials such as silica gels and zeolites. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer order-of-magnitude improvements in water adsorption and regeneration energy requirements. However, the deployment of MOFs in HVAC applications has been hampered by issues related to MOF powder processing. Herein, three high-density, shaped, monolithic MOFs (UiO-66, UiO-66-NH2 , and Zr-fumarate) with exceptional volumetric gas/vapor uptake are developed-solving previous issues in MOF-HVAC deployment. The monolithic structures across the mesoporous range are visualized using small-angle X-ray scattering and lattice-gas models, giving accurate predictions of adsorption characteristics of the monolithic materials. It is also demonstrated that a fragile MOF such as Zr-fumarate can be synthesized in monolithic form with a bulk density of 0.76 gcm-3 without losing any adsorption performance, having a coefficient of performance (COP) of 0.71 with a low regeneration temperature (≤ 100 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Çamur
- The Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Robin Babu
- The Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - José A Suárez Del Pino
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Nakul Rampal
- The Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Javier Pérez-Carvajal
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure-ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Philipp Hügenell
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE), Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Joaquin Silvestre-Albero
- Laboratorio de Materiales Avanzados, Depto. de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, E-03690, Spain
| | - Inhar Imaz
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - David G Madden
- The Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - David Fairen-Jimenez
- The Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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Palamara D, Calabrese L. Sulfonated-Recycled-PEEK as Matrix of Water Vapor Adsorbent SAPO-34 Based Composite Coatings for Adsorption Heat Pumps: Mechanical and Thermochemical Characterization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8439. [PMID: 36499934 PMCID: PMC9737103 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a composite adsorbent coating constituted by high SAPO 34 content and a sulfonated recycled poly (ether ether ketone) was investigated for adsorption heat pump technology. Specifically, the effect of polymer recycling on mechanical and thermal properties, as well as on water vapor adsorption and desorption performance, has been investigated. The degree of sulfonation obtained after 48 h of reaction remained approximately unaltered. The degradation of the polymer due to recycling anticipates the degradation of the C-C bonds of the polymer by about 20 °C without affecting the temperature at which the sulfonic groups degrade. From the mechanical point of view, the coating containing 90% zeolite, due to the use of recycled PEEK, evidenced a worsening of only 11.8% in scratch resistance compared to the virgin one, whereas the adhesive strength exhibited an increase of about 23.2% due to better miscibility of the sulfonated recycled polymer. Adsorption/desorption isobars show an almost similar adsorption capacity of the coating produced with recycled polymer compared to the virgin one, confirming that the water vapor diffusion is not hindered by the polymer matrix during the adsorption/desorption process.
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Aliakbari R, Ramakrishna S, Kowsari E, Marfavi Y, Cheshmeh ZA, Ajdari FB, Kiaei Z, Torkzaban H, Ershadi M. Scalable preparation of MOFs and MOF-containing hybrid materials for use in sustainable refrigeration systems for a greener environment: a comprehensive review as well as technical and statistical analysis of patents. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Shutava T, Jansen C, Livanovich K, Pankov V, Janiak C. Metal organic framework/polyelectrolyte composites for water vapor sorption applications. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7053-7067. [PMID: 35393994 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00518b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (MOF) core particles of MIL-101(Cr), aluminum fumarate (Basolite® A520), MIL-53-TDC, zirconium fumarate, and UiO-66 were modified by adsorption of thin polyelectrolyte (PE)-based shells without deterioration of their crystal structure. By applying different PEs and depositing a single layer (MOF/PE) or one to three layer-by-layer assembled bilayers (MOF/LbL), the mass percent of shell material in the composite was varied from 0.6-2.5% to 50%. Under a constant relative pressure of water vapor, the moisture uptake by a MOF/PE and a MOF/LbL is rather comparable with its S-shaped curvature to that of pristine MOFs. The relevant differences, such as a shift of the ascending adsorption part to lower/higher relative pressure or an increase/decrease in water uptake in selected regions, are associated with the core-shell structure and related to the morphological changes of the MOF powders. The hydrophilic surface promotes the formation of liquid menisci at the points of contact between particles and accelerates the moisture uptake and loss. A decrease in water sorption under an atmosphere with high humidity by some composites can be associated with the inhibition of liquid water condensation by the more hydrophobic shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana Shutava
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 36 F. Skaryna St., Minsk 220141, Belarus.
| | - Christian Jansen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kanstantsin Livanovich
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 36 F. Skaryna St., Minsk 220141, Belarus.
| | - Vladimir Pankov
- Belarusian State University, 4 Nezavisimosti Av., Minsk 220030, Belarus
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Shen J, Estevez L, Barpaga D, Zheng J, Shutthanandan V, McGrail BP, Motkuri RK. Structure-Property Correlation of Hierarchically Porous Carbons for Fluorocarbon Adsorption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:54266-54273. [PMID: 34751026 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although traditional commercially available porous carbon-fluorocarbon working pairs have shown promising applicability for adsorption cooling, advancements in engineered carbons may further improve the performance. Moreover, insights into structure-property relationships that target higher sorption capacities within these synthesized carbons may guide such materials' future design. We utilized hierarchically porous carbons (HPCs), synthesized with colossal microporous and mesoporous content characterized by high surface areas (up to 2689 m2/g) and pore volume values (up to 10.31 cm3/g) toward fluorocarbon R134a adsorption. This unique pore topology leads to exceptional R134a uptake, ∼250 wt %, outperforming the highest uptake carbon material to date, Maxsorb III (∼220 wt %). Material characterizations reveal that the outstanding R134a capacity may be attributed to textural properties and oxygen-terminated functional groups more than graphitization of the material. Most importantly, HPCs are efficiently utilized in a two-bed model chiller device, where the performance shows excellent working capacity (105 wt %, ∼2 times the value of reported carbon materials/R134a). Fluorocarbon adsorption on HPCs also displays fast kinetics (equilibrium time: ∼2 min) mainly driven by physical adsorption (Qst: ∼27 kJ/mol), characteristic of swiftly reversible behavior adsorption-desorption behaviors. This work provides a fundamental understanding of the applicability of HPCs/R134a working pair for adsorption cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Luis Estevez
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Advanced & Innovative Multifunctional Materials, Dayton, Ohio 45419, United States
| | - Dushyant Barpaga
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jian Zheng
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R China
| | - Vaithiyalingam Shutthanandan
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - B Peter McGrail
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Radha Kishan Motkuri
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Farrusseng D, Daniel C, Hamill C, Casaban J, Didriksen T, Blom R, Velte A, Fueldner G, Gantenbein P, Persdorf P, Daguenet-Frick X, Meunier F. Adsorber heat exchanger using Al-fumarate beads for heat-pump applications - a transport study. Faraday Discuss 2020; 225:384-402. [PMID: 33231241 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00009d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), thanks to their type V water adsorption isotherms ("S-Shape") and large water capacities, are considered as potential breakthrough adsorbents for heat-pump applications. In particular, Al(OH)-fumarate could enable efficient regeneration at a lower temperature than silica-gel which would allow us to address the conversion of waste heat at low temperature such as found in data centers. Despite its greater adsorption capacity features, heat and mass transport limitations could jeopardize the potential performance of Al(OH)-fumarate. Heat and mass transport depend on the size of the bodies (mm range), their packing and on the pore structures, i.e. macro-mesopore volumes and sizes. This paper describes the cost-efficient and scalable synthesis and shaping processes of Al(OH)-fumarate beads of various sizes appropriate for use in water Adsorption Heat-Pumps (AHPs). The objective was to study transport limitations (i.e. mass and heat) in practical e beads which meet mechanical stability requirements. Dynamic data at the grain scale was obtained by the Large Temperature Jump method while dynamic data at the adsorber scale was obtained on a heat exchanger filled with more than 1 kg of Al(OH)-fumarate beads. Whereas the binder content had little impact on mass and heat transfer in this study, we found that Knudsen diffusion in mesopores of the grain may be the main limiting factor at the grain scale. At the adsorber scale, heat-transfer within the bed packing as well as to the heat exchanger is likely responsible for the slow adsorption and desorption kinetics which have been observed for very low desorption temperature. Finally, the dynamic aspects of the observed water adsorption isotherm shift with temperature are discussed in light of reported reversible structure modification upon temperature triggered water adsorption-desorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Farrusseng
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne, F-69626, France.
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Steinert DM, Ernst S, Henninger SK, Janiak C. Metal‐Organic Frameworks as Sorption Materials for Heat Transformation Processes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Moritz Steinert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Sebastian‐Johannes Ernst
- Dept. Thermally Active Materials and Solar Cooling Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Heidenhofstr. 2 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Stefan K. Henninger
- Dept. Thermally Active Materials and Solar Cooling Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Heidenhofstr. 2 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
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8
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Steady-State Investigation of Carbon-Based Adsorbent–Adsorbate Pairs for Heat Transformation Application. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12177040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the ideal adsorption cycle behavior of eight activated carbon and refrigerant pairs is evaluated. The selected pairs are KOH6-PR/ethanol, WPT-AC/ethanol, Maxsorb-III/methanol, Maxsorb-III/CO2, Maxsorb-III/n-butane, Maxsorb-III/R-134a, SAC-2/R32 and Maxsorb-III/R507a. The following cooling performance parameters are evaluated for all pairs: specific cooling energy (SCE), concentration difference (ΔW) and coefficient of performance (COP) of ideal adsorption cooling and refrigeration cycles. The evaporator temperatures for the applications of adsorption cooling and refrigeration are selected as 7 and −5 °C, respectively. It is found that the Maxsorb-III/methanol pair has shown the highest specific cooling energy and coefficient of performance in a wide range of desorption temperatures; i.e., for the adsorption cooling cycle it has SCE and COP of 639.83 kJ/kg and 0.803, respectively, with desorption temperatures of 80 °C. The KOH6-PR/ethanol and the WPT-AC/ethanol pairs also give good performances comparable to that of the Maxsorb-III/methanol pair. However, the SAC-2/R32 pair possesses a higher concentration difference than the Maxsorb-III/methanol, KOH6-PR/ethanol and WPT-AC/ethanol pairs but shows a lower performance. This is due to the lower isosteric heat of adsorption of SAC-2/R32 compared to these pairs. It is found that Maxsorb-III/methanol, KOH6-PR/ethanol and WPT-AC/ethanol are the most promising pairs for application in designing adsorption cooling and refrigeration systems.
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Schlüsener C, Jordan DN, Xhinovci M, Matemb Ma Ntep TJ, Schmitz A, Giesen B, Janiak C. Probing the limits of linker substitution in aluminum MOFs through water vapor sorption studies: mixed-MOFs instead of mixed-linker CAU-23 and MIL-160 materials. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7373-7383. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01044h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Only water vapor sorption isotherms were able to reveal the mixed-MOF instead of mixed-linker material formation of CAU-23 and MIL-160.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schlüsener
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität
- D-40204 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Dustin Nils Jordan
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität
- D-40204 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Mergime Xhinovci
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität
- D-40204 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Tobie J. Matemb Ma Ntep
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität
- D-40204 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Alexa Schmitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität
- D-40204 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Beatriz Giesen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität
- D-40204 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität
- D-40204 Düsseldorf
- Germany
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Gökpinar S, Ernst SJ, Hastürk E, Möllers M, El Aita I, Wiedey R, Tannert N, Nießing S, Abdpour S, Schmitz A, Quodbach J, Füldner G, Henninger SK, Janiak C. Air-Con Metal–Organic Frameworks in Binder Composites for Water Adsorption Heat Transformation Systems. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marc Möllers
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gerrit Füldner
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan K. Henninger
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Experimental Study of Performance Improvement of 3-Bed and 2-Evaporator Adsorption Chiller by Control Optimization. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12203943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The main challenge facing adsorption cooling technology is low Coefficient of Performance (COP), which becomes a key factor of the commercialization of this technology. This paper presents the results of modifications, aiming to increase COP, applied to the control software of a prototype three-bed two-evaporator adsorption chiller. Changes were mainly related to the sequence of the switching valves and had no influence on the hardware of the chiller. The sequence changes enabled the introduction of heat recovery and mass regeneration. Moreover, the precooling process was improved. The applied modifications not only resulted in significant improvement of the chiller’s COP, but also improved the cooperation adsorption unit heating source, which is of great importance in case of district heating supply. The improvement was also observed concerning such operational aspects as noise and vibrations. In the authors’ opinion, the presented modifications can be introduced to most exploited adsorption chillers and could potentially lead to similar improvements in performance.
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12
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A Critical Review of Recent Progress and Perspective in Practical Denitration Application. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9090771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) represent one of the main sources of haze and pollution of the atmosphere as well as the causes of photochemical smog and acid rain. Furthermore, it poses a serious threat to human health. With the increasing emission of NOx, it is urgent to control NOx. According to the different mechanisms of NOx removal methods, this paper elaborated on the adsorption method represented by activated carbon adsorption, analyzed the oxidation method represented by Fenton oxidation, discussed the reduction method represented by selective catalytic reduction, and summarized the plasma method represented by plasma-modified catalyst to remove NOx. At the same time, the current research status and existing problems of different NOx removal technologies were revealed and the future development prospects were forecasted.
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13
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Gor G, Coasne B. Editorial overview: Separations engineering: advances in adsorption. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Millan S, Gil-Hernández B, Milles E, Gökpinar S, Makhloufi G, Schmitz A, Schlüsener C, Janiak C. rtl-M-MOFs (M = Cu, Zn) with a T-shaped bifunctional pyrazole-isophthalate ligand showing flexibility and S-shaped Type F-IV sorption isotherms with high saturation uptakes for M = Cu. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:8057-8067. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01499c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The flexible, activated MOF rtl-[Cu(HIsa-az-dmpz)] undergoes a reversible phase change into a closed form with gate opening at cryogenic temperatures for N2 and CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Millan
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf
- 40204 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Beatriz Gil-Hernández
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Laguna
- Sección Química
- Universidad de La Laguna
- La Laguna
| | - Erik Milles
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf
- 40204 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Serkan Gökpinar
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf
- 40204 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Gamall Makhloufi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf
- 40204 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Alexa Schmitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf
- 40204 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Carsten Schlüsener
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf
- 40204 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf
- 40204 Düsseldorf
- Germany
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