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Zhang Z, Song Q, Zhao Z, Chang K, Shu P, Wang J, Yan H, Zhang Y. Cosmetically Approved Short-Chain Alcohol/Triethyl Citrate/Water Surfactant-Free Microemulsions and Potential Application to Transdermal Penetration of α-Arbutin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:11011-11022. [PMID: 38739267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Surfactant-free microemulsions (SFMEs) exhibited remarkable advantages and potential, attributed to their similarity to traditional surfactant-based microemulsions and the absence of surfactants. Herein, a novel SFME was developed utilizing cosmetically approved materials, such as short-chain alcohol as an amphi-solvent, triethyl citrate (TEC) as the nonpolar phase, and water as the polar phase. 1,2-Pentanediol (PtDO)/TEC/water combination can form the largest monophasic zone, accounting for ∼74% of the total phase diagram area, due to an optimal hydrophilic (water)-lipophilic (TEC) balance. Comparable to surfactant-based microemulsion, PtDO/TEC/water SFME can also be categorized into three types: water-in-oil, discontinuous, and oil-in-water. As TEC or water is increased, or PtDO is decreased, the nanoaggregates in PtDO/TEC/water SFME grow from <5 nm to tens of nanometers. The addition of α-arbutin (ABN) does not disrupt PtDO/TEC/water SFME, but rather enhances its formation, resulting in a larger monophasic area and consistent size (2.8-3.8 nm) through participating in interface assembly. Furthermore, ABN-loaded PtDO/TEC/water SFME exhibits remarkable resistance to dilution, exceptional stability, and minimal irritation. Notably, PtDO/TEC/water SFME significantly boosts ABN's solubility in water by 2 times, its percutaneous penetration rate by 3-4 times, and enables a slow-release DPPH• radical scavenging effect. This SFME serves as a safe and cosmetically suitable nanoplatform for the delivery of bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, JNU-HBN Cosmetic Functional Molecular Innovation Joint Laboratory, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qingle Song
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, JNU-HBN Cosmetic Functional Molecular Innovation Joint Laboratory, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- HBN Research Institute and Biological Laboratory, Shenzhen Hujia Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Kuan Chang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, JNU-HBN Cosmetic Functional Molecular Innovation Joint Laboratory, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Peng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, JNU-HBN Cosmetic Functional Molecular Innovation Joint Laboratory, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- HBN Research Institute and Biological Laboratory, Shenzhen Hujia Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, JNU-HBN Cosmetic Functional Molecular Innovation Joint Laboratory, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hui Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, JNU-HBN Cosmetic Functional Molecular Innovation Joint Laboratory, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
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Seo S, Lee HS, Yoon TJ. Kirkwood-Buff Analysis of Binary and Ternary Systems Consisting of Alcohols (Methanol, Ethanol, 1-Propanol, and 2-Propanol), Water, and n-Hexane to Understand the Formation of Surfactant-Free Microemulsions. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5092-5108. [PMID: 38743587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Surfactant-free microemulsion (SFME) represents a class of fluid mixtures that can form microheterogeneous structures without detergents, offering an environmentally benign alternative to traditional microemulsions. However, the formation mechanism is still elusive. This work applies the Kirkwood-Buff theory to mixtures of alcohols, water, and n-hexane to elucidate the SFME formation mechanism. To ensure robust calculation of the Kirkwood-Buff integrals (KBIs), we construct a data set of densities and excess free energies of binary and ternary systems. Multiple excess Gibbs free energy models are assessed against this data set to select the most suitable model reproducing the experimental results. In addition, we introduce statistical methods to determine the optimal polynomial order of the Redlich-Kister correlation for the excess volume data. We first validate our methodology in binary systems. Then, we extend the calculation method to ternary mixtures. The KBI calculation results reveal that the alcohol-hexane and water-hexane interactions do not significantly affect SFME formation. In contrast, the interplay among water-water, water-alcohol, and alcohol-alcohol interactions critically influences the ability of a liquid mixture to form SFME structures. SFME systems exhibit the facile formation of water aggregates enveloped by alcohols, whereas non-SFME systems demonstrate homogeneous alcohol/water droplets dispersed in an oil continuous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Shik Lee
- Low-Carbon Transition R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jun Yoon
- School of Transdisciplinary Innovations, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Blahnik J, Krickl S, Schmid K, Müller E, Lupton J, Kunz W. Microemulsion and microsuspension polymerization of methyl methacrylate in surfactant-free microemulsions (SFME). J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 648:755-767. [PMID: 37321095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS This article presents a free-radical polymerization method in a mesostructured system - free of any surfactants, protective colloids, or other auxiliary agents. It is applicable for a large variety of industrially relevant vinylic monomers. The aim of this work is to study the impact of surfactant-free mesostructuring on the polymerization kinetics and the polymer derived. EXPERIMENTS So-called surfactant-free microemulsions (SFME) were investigated as reaction media with a simple composition comprising water, a hydrotrope (ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, tert-butyl alcohol), and the monomer as the reactive oil phase (methyl methacrylate). Polymerization reactions were performed using oil-soluble, thermal- and UV-active initiators (surfactant-free microsuspension polymerization) and water-soluble, redox-active initiators (surfactant-free microemulsion polymerization). Structural analysis of the SFMEs used and the polymerization kinetics were followed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Dried polymers were analyzed with regard to their conversion yield by mass balance, the corresponding molar masses were determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and the morphology was investigated by light microscopy. FINDINGS All alcohols are suitable hydrotropes to form SFMEs, except for ethanol, which forms a molecularly disperse system. We observe significant differences in the polymerization kinetics and the molar masses of the polymers obtained. Ethanol leads to significantly higher molar masses. Within a system, higher concentrations of the other alcohols investigated give rise to less pronounced mesostructuring, lower conversions, and lower average molar masses. It could be demonstrated that the effective concentration of alcohol in the oil-rich pseudophases as well as the repulsive effect of the surfactant-free, alcohol-rich interphases constitute the relevant factors influencing polymerization. Concerning the morphology, the polymers derived range from powder-like polymers in the so-called "pre-Ouzo region" over porous-solid polymers in the bicontinuous region to dense, almost compacted, transparent polymers in unstructured regions, comparable to the findings for surfactant-based systems reported in the literature. Polymerizations in SFME comprise a new intermediate between well-known solution (i.e., molecularly dispersed) and microemulsion respectively microsuspension polymerization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Blahnik
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Krickl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Schmid
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Müller
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - John Lupton
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Werner Kunz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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Mitsou E, Theochari I, Gad E, Vassiliadi E, Karpenisioti E, Koulis G, Martakos I, Pissaridi K, Thomaidis NS, Xenakis A, Zoumpanioti M. Enzymatic modification of triglycerides in conventional and surfactant-free microemulsions and in olive oil. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Blahnik J, Müller E, Braun L, Denk P, Kunz W. Nanoscopic microheterogeneities or pseudo-phase separations in non-conventional liquids. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sadat Mirhoseini B, Salabat A. A novel surfactant-free microemulsion system for the synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate)/Ag nanocomposite. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gradzielski M, Duvail M, de Molina PM, Simon M, Talmon Y, Zemb T. Using Microemulsions: Formulation Based on Knowledge of Their Mesostructure. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5671-5740. [PMID: 33955731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Microemulsions, as thermodynamically stable mixtures of oil, water, and surfactant, are known and have been studied for more than 70 years. However, even today there are still quite a number of unclear aspects, and more recent research work has modified and extended our picture. This review gives a short overview of how the understanding of microemulsions has developed, the current view on their properties and structural features, and in particular, how they are related to applications. We also discuss more recent developments regarding nonclassical microemulsions such as surfactant-free (ultraflexible) microemulsions or ones containing uncommon solvents or amphiphiles (like antagonistic salts). These new findings challenge to some extent our previous understanding of microemulsions, which therefore has to be extended to look at the different types of microemulsions in a unified way. In particular, the flexibility of the amphiphilic film is the key property to classify different microemulsion types and their properties in this review. Such a classification of microemulsions requires a thorough determination of their structural properties, and therefore, the experimental methods to determine microemulsion structure and dynamics are reviewed briefly, with a particular emphasis on recent developments in the field of direct imaging by means of electron microscopy. Based on this classification of microemulsions, we then discuss their applications, where the application demands have to be met by the properties of the microemulsion, which in turn are controlled by the flexibility of their amphiphilic interface. Another frequently important aspect for applications is the control of the rheological properties. Normally, microemulsions are low viscous and therefore enhancing viscosity has to be achieved by either having high concentrations (often not wished for) or additives, which do not significantly interfere with the microemulsion. Accordingly, this review gives a comprehensive account of the properties of microemulsions, including most recent developments and bringing them together from a united viewpoint, with an emphasis on how this affects the way of formulating microemulsions for a given application with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Magali Duvail
- ICSM, Université Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, 30207 Marcoule, France
| | - Paula Malo de Molina
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Miriam Simon
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnolgy Inst. (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IL-3200003, Israel
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnolgy Inst. (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IL-3200003, Israel
| | - Thomas Zemb
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.,ICSM, Université Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, 30207 Marcoule, France
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Fungal Laccases to Where and Where? Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhu B, Zhou Y, Liu X, Yang C. Temperature-Switchable Surfactant-Free Microemulsion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:7356-7364. [PMID: 32527085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive microemulsions have recently attracted significant interest due to their unique properties. Here, we developed a novel surfactant-free microemulsion (SFME) in a nontoxic ternary mixture, in which dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as an amphisolvent, n-butanol was used as a nonpolar phase, and water was used as a polar phase. The DLS results confirmed the presence of the preouzo zone, and the polarity experiment revealed that the single-phase region can be further divided into oil-in-water, bicontinuous, and water-in-oil subregions. The size of droplets increased upon increasing the water or n-butanol content but decreased with increasing DMSO content. With increasing temperature, the area of the single-phase region increased, accompanied by a decrease in the size of the droplets, and the critical point moved to the corner of n-butanol. No matter in what subregion the formulation was found, decreasing temperature to below the phase-transition temperature (PTT) will induce a transition from monophasic MEs to complete phase separation and vice versa. This is mainly attributed to the effect of temperature on the hydrogen-bond interaction. Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) can be prepared above the PTT and facilely separated below PTT. The Ag NPs obtained from the current SFME showed higher catalytic activity than that obtained from a common surfactant-based ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xuelian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
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Structural, rheological and dynamic aspects of hydrogen-bonding molecular liquids: Aqueous solutions of hydrotropic tert-butyl alcohol. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 560:730-742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Wan M, Song J, Li W, Gao L, Fang W. Development of Coarse‐Grained Force Field by Combining Multilinear Interpolation Technique and Simplex Algorithm. J Comput Chem 2019; 41:814-829. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Wan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational PhotochemistryMinistry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University 19 Xin‐Jie‐Kou‐Wai Street Beijing 100875 China
- Institution of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Junjie Song
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational PhotochemistryMinistry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University 19 Xin‐Jie‐Kou‐Wai Street Beijing 100875 China
| | - Wenli Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational PhotochemistryMinistry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University 19 Xin‐Jie‐Kou‐Wai Street Beijing 100875 China
| | - Lianghui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational PhotochemistryMinistry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University 19 Xin‐Jie‐Kou‐Wai Street Beijing 100875 China
| | - Weihai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational PhotochemistryMinistry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University 19 Xin‐Jie‐Kou‐Wai Street Beijing 100875 China
- Institution of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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Zhang Y, Chen X, Liu X. Temperature-Induced Reversible-Phase Transition in a Surfactant-Free Microemulsion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:14358-14363. [PMID: 31600447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microemulsion represents an important class of the colloidal system, though the development of stimuli-responsive microemulsion is still in its infancy. Here, we demonstrated the temperature responsiveness of a conventional surfactant-free microemulsion composed of n-octanol as nonpolar phase, ethanol as amphi-solvent, and water as polar phase for the first time. In the single-phase region of the phase diagram, the pre-ouzo zone was confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), and the type of microemulsion was confirmed via the conductivity and polarity probe methods. The effects of temperature on the phase behavior and droplet size of the n-octanol-water-ethanol microemulsion system were systemically evaluated by the ternary phase diagram and DLS techniques. The results showed that the area of single-phase increases upon increasing temperature, but the area of pre-ouzo zone decreases accompanied by a decrease in the droplet size. Moreover, the critical point gradually draws close to the n-octanol corner with increasing temperature. When one formulation is far away from the demixing border, the droplet size can be reversibly and precisely regulated by changing temperature. When one formulation is located on the vicinity of the boundary, a minor variation in temperature can lead to a prominent phase transition between Winsor IV (high temperature) and Winsor II (low temperature). Such a temperature-responsive microemulsion can be used as a microreactor for Knoevenagel condensation. The reaction was carried out at 35 °C, and the product was collected from the water phase by simple filtration at 25 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , P. R. China
| | - Xuelian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , P. R. China
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Bicontinuous Interfacially Jammed Emulsion Gels (bijels) as Media for Enabling Enzymatic Reactive Separation of a Highly Water Insoluble Substrate. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6363. [PMID: 31019261 PMCID: PMC6482178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42769-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although enzymes are efficient catalysts capable of converting various substrates into desired products with high specificity under mild conditions, their effectiveness as catalysts is substantially reduced when substrates are poorly water-soluble. In this study, to expedite the enzymatic conversion of a hydrophobic substrate, we use a bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gel (bijel) which provides large interfacial area between two immiscible liquids: oil and water. Using lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of tributyrin as a model reaction in a batch mode, we show that bijels can be used as media to enable enzymatic reaction. The bijel system gives a four-fold increase in the initial reaction rate in comparison to a stirred biphasic medium. Our results demonstrate that bijels are powerful biphasic reaction media to accelerate enzymatic reactions with various hydrophobic reagents. This work also demonstrates that bijels can potentially be used as reaction media to enable continuous reactive separations.
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Chaurasia SK, Bhardwaj NK. Biobleaching - An ecofriendly and environmental benign pulp bleaching technique: A review. J Carbohydr Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2019.1581888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nishi K. Bhardwaj
- Avantha Centre for Industrial Research and Development, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India
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Combined molecular dynamics (MD) and small angle scattering (SAS) analysis of organization on a nanometer-scale in ternary solvent solutions containing a hydrotrope. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 540:623-633. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
The directed assembly of molecular building blocks into discrete supermolecules or extended supramolecular networks through noncovalent intermolecular interactions is an ongoing challenge in chemistry. This challenge may be overcome by establishing a hierarchy of intermolecular interactions that, in turn, may facilitate the edification of supramolecular assemblies. As noncovalent interactions can be used to accelerate the reaction rates and/or to increase their selectivity, the development of efficient and practical catalytic systems, using supramolecular chemistry, has been achieved during the last few decades. However, between discrete and extended supramolecular assemblies, the newly developed “colloidal tectonics” concept allows us to link the molecular and macroscopic scales through the structured engineering of colloidal structures that can be applied to the design of predictable, versatile, and switchable catalytic systems. The main cutting-edge strategies involving supramolecular chemistry and self-organization in catalysis will be discussed and compared in this review.
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Extracellular Fungal Peroxidases and Laccases for Waste Treatment: Recent Improvement. RECENT ADVANCEMENT IN WHITE BIOTECHNOLOGY THROUGH FUNGI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25506-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chiappisi L, Grillo I. Looking into Limoncello: The Structure of the Italian Liquor Revealed by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:15407-15415. [PMID: 31458197 PMCID: PMC6644077 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Limoncello, the Italian liquor based on lemon essential oils, is becoming increasingly popular around the world. This digestive is not only an iconic representative of Italian food culture, but it is also a complex colloidal system, made of essential oils, ethanol, sucrose, and water. Smell, aroma, taste, and appearance of Limoncello do, of course, depend on the components, in particular on the peculiar essential oil mixture. Accordingly, several studies are available in the literature investigating the composition of various Limoncellos. However, the microscopic structure plays an equally important role when it comes to the sensory properties of food and beverages. In this work, small-angle neutron scattering was used to probe the microscopic structure of Limoncello, revealing the presence of spontaneously formed 100 nm-sized droplets over a large range of composition and temperature. The results are not limited to this famous drink but can be extended to the rapidly developing formulations based on water-insoluble oils, water, and alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Chiappisi
- Stranski
Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie und Theoretische Chemie,
Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität
Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, Sekr. TC7, , D-10623 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
Max von Laue−Paul Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Isabelle Grillo
- Institut
Max von Laue−Paul Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Xu J, Song J, Deng H, Hou W. Surfactant-Free Microemulsions of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate, Diethylammonium Formate, and Water. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:7776-7783. [PMID: 29889531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant-free microemulsions (SFMEs) are a unique kind of microemulsion, which form from immiscible fluids (i.e., oil and water phases) in the presence of amphi-solvents rather than traditional surfactants. In comparison with traditional surfactant-based microemulsions (SBMEs), SFMEs have received much less attention, and the current understanding of the unique system is very limited. Herein, we report a SFME consisting of the hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (bmimPF6), the protic IL diethylammonium formate (DEAF), and water, in which the bmimPF6 and DEAF are used as the oil phase and amphi-solvent, respectively. Three kinds of microstructures, namely, water-in-bmimPF6 (W/IL), bicontinuous (BC), and bmimPF6-in-water (IL/W), are identified for the SFME, using cyclic voltammetry, cryo-TEM, and DLS techniques. Especially, the volumetric and surface free energy properties of the SFME are investigated by excess molar volume ( VmE) and surface tension (γ) measurements, and they are found to be similar to those of SBMEs. Discontinuous changes in VmE and γ with the system compositions are observed as the system microstructures change, which can be used to identify the structural transition of SFMEs. We think this study provides a better understanding of SFME features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042 , P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Song
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042 , P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042 , P. R. China
| | - Wanguo Hou
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education) , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , P. R. China
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Schöttl S, Horinek D. Salt effects in surfactant-free microemulsions. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:222818. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5022883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schöttl
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Horinek
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Krickl S, Touraud D, Bauduin P, Zinn T, Kunz W. Enzyme activity of horseradish peroxidase in surfactant-free microemulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 516:466-475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vassiliadi E, Xenakis A, Zoumpanioti M. Chitosan hydrogels: A new and simple matrix for lipase catalysed biosyntheses. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Agrawal K, Chaturvedi V, Verma P. Fungal laccase discovered but yet undiscovered. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-018-0190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Liu Y, Xu J, Deng H, Song J, Hou W. A surfactant-free microemulsion composed of isopentyl acetate, n-propanol, and water. RSC Adv 2018; 8:1371-1377. [PMID: 35540868 PMCID: PMC9077043 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12594a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that in the absence of traditional surfactants, microemulsions can form from a ternary mixture of oil, water, and an amphi-solvent. These microemulsions are called surfactant-free microemulsions (SFMEs). To date, only a small number of SFME systems have been reported, and the current understanding of SFMEs is very limited. Herein, we report an SFME consisting of isopentyl acetate (IA), n-propanol, and water, in which IA (a simple ester compound) and n-propanol are used as the oil phase and amphi-solvent, respectively. The microstructures and structural transition of the SFME were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, fluorescence spectroscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy techniques. Moreover, three kinds of microstructures, namely, oil-in-water (O/W), bicontinuous (BC), and water-in-oil (W/O), have been identified in the SFME, which are directly verified by cryo-TEM observations. A change in the composition of the SFME may lead to a structural transition from O/W through BC to W/O or vice versa, which is similar to the case of traditional surfactant-based microemulsions (SBMEs). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the microstructures and structural transition of an SFME obtained using a simple ester compound as the oil phase have been identified. Surfactant-free microemulsions (SFMEs) can form from the mixture of isopentyl acetate (oil phase), n-propanol (amphi-solvent), and water. They may show W/O, bicontinuous (BC), and O/W microstructures depending on the composition of the SFMEs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Song
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| | - Wanguo Hou
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- P. R. China
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Xu J, Deng H, Song J, Zhao J, Zhang L, Hou W. Synthesis of hierarchical flower-like Mg2Al-Cl layered double hydroxide in a surfactant-free reverse microemulsion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 505:816-823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xu J, Deng H, Fu Y, Chen Y, Zhang J, Hou W. Surfactant-free microemulsions of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, propylamine nitrate, and water. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:2067-2074. [PMID: 28217785 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00155j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Generally, surfactants (or amphiphiles) are believed to be necessary components of microemulsions. However, it has been demonstrated that, in the absence of traditional surfactants, microemulsions can also form from a ternary system of two immiscible fluids (i.e., oil and water phases) and an amphi-solvent, but the current understanding of such surfactant-free microemulsions (SFMEs) is very limited. Herein, we report an SFME consisting of the hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (bmimPF6), the protic IL propylamine nitrate (PAN), and water, in which bmimPF6 and PAN are used as the oil phase and the amphi-solvent, respectively. The microstructures and structural transitions of the SFME were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, fluorescence spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The SFME exhibited water-in-bmimPF6 (W/IL), bicontinuous (BC), and bmimPF6-in-water (IL/W) microstructures, depending on the composition of the ternary system, similar to the case of traditional surfactant-based microemulsions (SBMEs). The three kinds of microstructures were confirmed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) observations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on SFMEs composed of two ILs as components, especially where one is used as the amphi-solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yunlei Fu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yuquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Wanguo Hou
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
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Lopian T, Schöttl S, Prévost S, Pellet-Rostaing S, Horinek D, Kunz W, Zemb T. Morphologies Observed in Ultraflexible Microemulsions with and without the Presence of a Strong Acid. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2016; 2:467-75. [PMID: 27504493 PMCID: PMC4965855 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We show that three different morphologies exist near the two-phase boundary of ternary systems containing a hydrotropic cosolvent. Based on synchrotron small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering combined with molecular dynamics, we rationalize the specific scattering signature of direct, bicontinuous, and reverse mesoscale solubilization. Surprisingly, these mesostructures are resilient toward strong acids, which are required in industrial applications. However, on a macroscopic scale, the phase boundary shifts in salting-in and salting-out in the direct and respectively reverse regime, leading to a crossing of the binodals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lopian
- Institut
de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, UMR 5257(CEA/CNRS/UM2/ENCSM), 30207 Bagnols sur
Cèze, France
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University
of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schöttl
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University
of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sylvain Prévost
- ESRF—the
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Pellet-Rostaing
- Institut
de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, UMR 5257(CEA/CNRS/UM2/ENCSM), 30207 Bagnols sur
Cèze, France
| | - Dominik Horinek
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University
of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
- E-mail:
| | - Werner Kunz
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University
of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Zemb
- Institut
de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, UMR 5257(CEA/CNRS/UM2/ENCSM), 30207 Bagnols sur
Cèze, France
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