1
|
Nie G, Wei D, Ding Z, Ge L, Guo R. Controllable enzymatic hydrolysis in reverse Janus emulsion microreactors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 663:591-600. [PMID: 38428116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The key feature of living cells is multicompartmentalization for enzymatic reactions. Artificial cell-like multicompartments with micro domains are appealing to mimic the biological counterparts. In addition, establishing a sustainable, efficient, and controllable reaction system for enzymatic hydrolysis is imperative for the production of natural fatty acids from animal and plant-based fats. EXPERIMENTS Reverse Janus emulsion microreactors, i.e. (W1 + W2)/O, is constructed through directly using natural fats as continuous phase and aqueous two-phase solutions (ATPS) as inner phases. Enzyme is confined in the compartmented aqueous droplets dominated by the salt of Na2SO4 and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Enzyme catalyzed ester hydrolysis employed as a model reaction is performed under the conditions of agitation-free and mild temperature. Regulation of reaction kinetics is investigated by diverse droplet topology, composition of inner ATPS, and on-demand emulsification. FINDINGS Excellent enzymatic activity toward hydrolysis of plant and animal oils achieves 88.5 % conversion after 3 h. Compartmented micro domains contribute to condense and organize the enzymes spatially. Timely removal of the products away from reaction sites of oil/water interface "pushed" the reaction forward. Distribution and transfer of enzyme in two aqueous lobes provide extra freedom in the regulation of hydrolysis kinetics, with equilibrium conversion controlled freely from 14.5 % to 88.5 %. Reversible "open" and "shut" of hydrolysis is acheived by on-demand emulsification and spontaneous demulsification. This paper paves the way to advancing progress in compartmentalized emulsion as a sustainable and high-efficiency platform for biocatalytic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangju Nie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Duo Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Ziyu Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Lingling Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| | - Rong Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei D, Yin N, Xu D, Ge L, Gao Z, Zhang Y, Guo R. Complex Droplet Microreactor for Highly Efficient and Controllable Esterification and Cascade Reactions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400279. [PMID: 38705858 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
A highly efficient complex emulsion microreactor has been successfully developed for multiphasic water-labile reactions, providing a powerful platform for atom economy and spatiotemporal control of reaction kinetics. Complex emulsions, composing a hydrocarbon phase (H) and a fluorocarbon phase (F) dispersed in an aqueous phase (W), are fabricated in batch scale with precisely controlled droplet morphologies. A biphasic esterification reaction between 2-bromo-1,2-diphenylethane-1-ol (BPO) and perfluoro-heptanoic acid (PFHA) is chosen as a reversible and water-labile reaction model. The conversion reaches up to 100 % under mild temperature without agitation, even with nearly equivalent amounts of reactants. This efficiency surpasses all reported single emulsion microreactors, i. e., 84~95 %, stabilized by various emulsifiers with different catalysts, which typically necessitate continuous stirring, a high excess of one reactant, and/or extended reaction time. Furthermore, over 3 times regulation threshold in conversion rate is attained by manipulating the droplet morphologies, including size and topology, e. g., transition from completely engulfed F/H/W double to partially engulfed (F+H)/W Janus. Addition-esterification, serving as a model for triple phasic cascade reaction, is also successfully implemented under agitating-free and mild temperature with controlled reaction kinetics, demonstrating the versatility and effectiveness of the complex emulsion microreactor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duo Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Nuoqing Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehua Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Testing Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Koroleva M. Multicompartment colloid systems with lipid and polymer membranes for biomedical applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:21836-21859. [PMID: 37565484 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01984e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Multicompartment structures have the potential for biomedical applications because they can act as multifunctional systems and provide simultaneous delivery of drugs and diagnostics agents of different types. Moreover, some of them mimic biological cells to some extent with organelles as separate sub-compartments. This article analyses multicompartment colloidal structures with smaller sub-units covered with lipid or polymer membranes that provide additional protection for the encapsulated substances. Vesosomes with small vesicles encapsulated in the inner pools of larger liposomes are the most studied systems to date. Dendrimer molecules are enclosed by a lipid bilayer shell in dendrosomes. Capsosomes, polymersomes-in-polymer capsules, and cubosomes-in-polymer capsules are composed of sub-compartments encapsulated within closed multilayer polymer membranes. Janus or Cerberus emulsions contain droplets composed of two or three phases: immiscible oils in O/W emulsions and aqueous polymer or salt solutions that are separated into two or three phases and form connected droplets in W/O emulsions. In more cases, the external surface of engulfed droplets in Janus or Cerberus emulsions is covered with a lipid or polymer monolayer. eLiposomes with emulsion droplets encapsulated into a bilayer shell have been given little attention so far, but they have very great prospects. In addition to nanoemulsion droplets, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers and inorganic nanoparticles can be loaded into eLiposomes. Molecular engineering of the external membrane allows the creation of ligand-targeted and stimuli-responsive multifunctional systems. As a result, the efficacy of drug delivery can be significantly enhanced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Koroleva
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya sq. 9, Moscow 125047.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wei D, Jin H, Ge L, Nie G, Guo R. Construction and regulation of aqueous-based Cerberus droplets by vortex mixing. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 627:194-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
5
|
Zhang H, Ge L, Ding C, Guo R. Magnetic response Janus emulsions stabilized by Mangeto-surfactant. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
6
|
Liu Y, Banerjee A, Eryazici I, Zimmerman B, Reil J, Katzenstein JM. The invisible arbiter of emulsion structure: insight from an examination of two types of 3-phase emulsions. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2021.1984249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Liu
- Research and Development, Performance Silicones, Dow Inc., Auburn, Michigan, USA
| | - Anirudha Banerjee
- Research and Development, Performance Silicones, Dow Inc., Auburn, Michigan, USA
| | - Ibrahim Eryazici
- Research and Development, Coating Materials, Dow Inc., Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brett Zimmerman
- Research and Development, Performance Silicones, Dow Inc., Auburn, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer Reil
- Research and Development, Performance Silicones, Dow Inc., Auburn, Michigan, USA
| | - Joshua M. Katzenstein
- Research and Development, Performance Silicones, Dow Inc., Auburn, Michigan, USA
- L’Oreal, Clark, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ku KH, McDonald BR, Vijayamohanan H, Zentner CA, Nagelberg S, Kolle M, Swager TM. Dynamic Coloration of Complex Emulsions by Localization of Gold Rings Near the Triphase Junction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007507. [PMID: 33605015 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiphase microscale emulsions are a material platform that can be tuned and dynamically configured by a variety of chemical and physical phenomena, rendering them inexpensive and broadly programmable optical transducers. Interface engineering underpins many of these sensing schemes but typically focuses on manipulating a single interface, while engineering of the multiphase junctions of complex emulsions remains underexplored. Herein, multiphilic triblock copolymer surfactants are synthesized and assembled at the triphase junction of a dynamically reconfigurable biphasic emulsion. Tailoring the linear structure and composition of the polymer surfactants provides affinity to each phase of the complex emulsion (hydrocarbon, fluorocarbon, and continuous water phase), yielding selective localization of polymers around the triphase junction. Conjugation of these polymers with gold nanoparticles, forming structured rings, affords a dynamic reflected isotropic structural color that tracks with emulsion morphology, demonstrating the uniquely enabling nature of a functionalized triphase interface. This color is the result of interference of light along the internal hydrocarbon/fluorocarbon interface, with the gold nanoparticles scattering and redirecting light into total internal reflection competent paths. Thus, the functionalization of the triphase junction renders complex emulsions colorimetric sensors, a powerful tool toward sensitive and simple sensing platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Hee Ku
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin R McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Harikrishnan Vijayamohanan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Cassandra A Zentner
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sara Nagelberg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mathias Kolle
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Balaj RV, Zarzar LD. Reconfigurable complex emulsions: Design, properties, and applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0028606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca V. Balaj
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Lauren D. Zarzar
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jin H, Ge L, Li X, Guo R. Destabilization mechanism of (W 1+W 2)/O reverse Janus emulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 585:205-216. [PMID: 33285459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Reverse Janus emulsion, with droplets composed by "two rooms" of water phases, is a novel multiple emulsion attributed to excellent integration capability and biocompatibility. However, significant instability compared with normal Janus emulsions renders the stability issue of great importance. Moreover, the ultra-low aqueous-aqueous inner interfacial tension, the anisotropic nature of the droplets with distinct lobe composition, and the random orientation in the continuous phase endow the complicated and various demulsification mechanisms. EXPERIMENTS Reverse Janus emulsion of (W1+W2)/O, employing typical salt-alcohol aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) as inner phases, is prepared in batch scale by conventional one-step vortex mixing. The demulsification process is detected by multiple light scattering technique, which provides real-time, in-situ, and quantitative information of emulsion evolution. Moreover, the fusion pattern of the anisotropic droplets is illustrated by the combination with light microscopy and size distribution measurement. FINDINGS Coalescence and sedimentation are found to be two main demulsification processes. Two salt "body" lobes of the "snowman" shaped Janus droplets combine first resulting in an intermediate Cerberus topology with two alcohol "heads" on one salt "body". Subsequently, two "head" lobes coalesce resulting in a larger Janus droplet. Ultimately, the Gibbs free energy leads to a final state with three separated liquids. In addition, the variation in lobe viscosity, density, and properties of interfacial film greatly affect the demulsification rate and fusion pattern. A critical alcohol/surfactant mass ratio of 2 is found, beyond which a completely different fusion pattern occurs. Two alcohol "body" lobes combine first resulting in an intermediate Cerberus topology with two salt "heads" on one alcohol "body". Subsequently, two "head" lobes coalesce resulting in a larger Janus droplet. The findings are instructive in the stability of aqueous based multiple emulsions with advanced morphologies and meanwhile, promote the future application of this novel emulsion in food science, pharmacy, and biomimetic compartmentalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lingling Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xia Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rong Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lim YGJ, Low HYJ, Loo SCJ. Synthesis of Polymeric Janus Superstructures via a Facile Synthesis Method. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000140. [PMID: 32449578 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric Janus particles can be exploited for a myriad of applications. Through the understanding of interfacial tensions, theragnostic agents such as drugs or nanomaterials can be successfully encapsulated into Janus particles without losing their anisotropic structure. In this work, it is reported that how Janus superstructures, as a further extension of the Janus morphology, can be obtained by blending other synthesis parameters into the solvent emulsion process, while adhering to the requirements of the Harkin's spreading coefficient (HSC) theory. Designing such unique structures for drug delivery can provide a broader range of possibilities and applications beyond conventional Janus particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guang Jerome Lim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hui Ying Jessalyn Low
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Say Chye Joachim Loo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Raju RR, Liebig F, Klemke B, Koetz J. Ultralight magnetic aerogels from Janus emulsions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:7492-7499. [PMID: 35492159 PMCID: PMC9049865 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10247g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetite containing aerogels were synthesized by freeze-drying olive oil/silicone oil-based Janus emulsion gels containing gelatin and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC). The magnetite nanoparticles dispersed in olive oil are processed into the gel and remain in the macroporous aerogel after removing the oil components. The coexistence of macropores from the Janus droplets and mesopores from freeze-drying of the hydrogels in combination with the magnetic properties offer a special hierarchical pore structure, which is of relevance for smart supercapacitors, biosensors, and spilled oil sorption and separation. The morphology of the final structure was investigated in dependence on initial compositions. More hydrophobic aerogels with magnetic responsiveness were synthesized by bisacrylamide-crosslinking of the hydrogel. The crosslinked aerogels can be successfully used in magnetically responsive clean up experiments of the cationic dye methylene blue. Magnetite containing aerogels were synthesized by freeze-drying olive oil/silicone oil-based Janus emulsion gels containing gelatin and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC).![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferenc Liebig
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Bastian Klemke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie
- 14109 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Joachim Koetz
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ku KH, Li J, Yoshinaga K, Swager TM. Dynamically Reconfigurable, Multifunctional Emulsions with Controllable Structure and Movement. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1905569. [PMID: 31639256 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Dynamically reconfigurable oil-in-water (o/w) Pickering emulsions are developed, wherein the assembly of particles (i.e., platinum-on-carbon and iron-on-carbon particles) can be actively controlled by adjusting interfacial tensions. A balanced adsorption of particles and surfactants at the o/w interface allows for the creation of inhomogeneity of the particle distribution on the emulsion surface. Complex Pickering emulsions with highly controllable and reconfigurable morphologies are produced in a single step by exploiting the temperature-sensitive miscibility of hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon liquids. Dynamic adsorption/desorption of (polymer) surfactants afford both shape and configuration transitions of multiple Pickering emulsions and encapsulated core/shell structured can be transformed into a Janus configuration. Finally, to demonstrate the intrinsic catalytic or magnetic properties of the particles provided by carbon bound Pt and Fe nanoparticles, two different systems are investigated. Specifically, the creation of a bimetallic microcapsule with controlled payload release and precise modulation of translational and rotational motions of magnetic emulsions are demonstrated, suggesting potential applications for sensing and smart payload delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Hee Ku
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kosuke Yoshinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ding C, Ge L, Jin H, Bian Q, Guo R. Janus emulsions formed with organic solvents as inner phases. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
14
|
Concellón A, Zentner CA, Swager TM. Dynamic Complex Liquid Crystal Emulsions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18246-18255. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Concellón
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cassandra A. Zentner
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy M. Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Temperature and composition induced morphology transition of Cerberus emulsion droplets. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 554:210-219. [PMID: 31301521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Various advanced geometries are endowed by the unique structure of "three rooms" of immiscible oils composing the Cerberus droplets. Adjustable interfacial properties and tunable volume ratio in the four-liquid system render it possible to realize the controlled morphology transition by the variation of temperature and emulsion composition. EXPERIMENTS Cerberus emulsions are prepared in batch scale by traditional one-step vortex mixing, employing the oil combinations of methacryloxypropyl dimethyl silicone (DMS)/2-(perfluorooctyl) ethyl methacrylate (PFOEMA)/vegetable oil (VO). Emulsifier of pluoronic F127, a temperature sensitive surfactant is applied. Stereoscopic topological phase diagram as functions of temperature and composition are plotted. Numerical calculations on the droplet morphology including interface curvature, contact angle, and volume fraction of each domain are performed. FINDINGS Four primary regions with specific morphologies, i.e. "VO > DMS < PFOEMA", "VO > DMS > PFOEMA", "VO < DMS > PFOEMA", and finally "VO < DMS < PFOEMA" are obtained. Extended volume ratio range of three lobes, from about 0.03 to 23.3, is achieved and precisely controlled based on the three-phase diagram. What is more, the structural features are found to be thermodynamically determined by the minimization of interfacial energy, though the emulsion is prepared kinetically by vortex mixing. The findings are attractive in the fields of materials synthesis and microreactors.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ge L, Jin H, Li X, Wei D, Guo R. Batch-Scale Preparation of Reverse Janus Emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:3490-3497. [PMID: 30702288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A strategy is proposed to produce novel (W1 + W2)/O reverse Janus emulsions in batch scale simply by one-step vortex mixing. Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs), i.e., two immiscible aqueous phases dominated by sodium carbonate and ethanol, respectively, are employed as inner phases and vegetable oil (VO) as continuous phase. The geometry of the Janus droplets, although formed as a result of a kinetic process, is tunable and controllable easily by adjusting the composition of ATPSs based on three-phase diagram. Reducing the relatively higher water/oil interfacial tensions to a comparable value of water/water interface, which is extremely low in order of 0.1 mN/m, is achieved by employing a fluorocarbon surfactant. Moreover, the weak acid-induced deprotonation of the fatty acid in the VO phase due to the presence of sodium carbonate also contributes to the lower water/oil interfacial tension. The total free-energy values calculated verify the overwhelmingly favored Janus geometry, which indicates that this topology is heavily preformed as local equilibrium state. The approach proposed provides vehicle for the synthesis of aqueous-based materials with various advanced morphologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Haimei Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Duo Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Rong Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Anjali TG, Basavaraj MG. Shape-Anisotropic Colloids at Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:3-20. [PMID: 29986588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Research in the 1980s demonstrated the formation of monolayers of particles achieved by interfacial particle trapping as a model system for investigating colloids in two dimensions. Since then, microscopy visualization of two-dimensional particle monolayers and quantification of the microstructure have led to significant fundamental understanding of a number of phenomena such as crystallization, freezing and melting transitions, dislocation dynamics, aggregation kinetics, and others. On the application front, particles at curved interfaces, as often the case in particle-stabilized emulsions and foams, have received considerable attention in the last few decades. The growing interest in the search for novel particles and new strategies to effect emulsion stabilization stems from their application in several disciplines. Moreover, particle-stabilized Pickering emulsions and foams can also be used to derive a number of advanced functional materials. Compared to several accounts of research on spherical colloids at fluid-fluid interfaces, investigations of the behavior of shape-anisotropic particles at interfaces, albeit receiving considerable attention in recent years, are still in a nascent stage. The objective of this feature article is to highlight our recent work in this area. In particular, the adsorption of shape-anisotropic particles to interfaces, wetting behavior, interfacial self-assembly, the response of nonspherical-particle-coated interfaces to compression and shear, and their ability to stabilize emulsions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thriveni G Anjali
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science (PECS) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036 , India
| | - Madivala G Basavaraj
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science (PECS) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036 , India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Raju RR, Liebig F, Hess A, Schlaad H, Koetz J. Temperature-triggered reversible breakdown of polymer-stabilized olive–silicone oil Janus emulsions. RSC Adv 2019; 9:19271-19277. [PMID: 35519360 PMCID: PMC9064947 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03463c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A one-step moderate energy vibrational emulsification method was successfully employed to produce thermo-responsive olive/silicone-based Janus emulsions stabilized by poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) carrying 0.7 mol% oleoyl side chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferenc Liebig
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Andreas Hess
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Joachim Koetz
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Self-propulsion of aluminum particle-coated Janus droplet in alkaline solution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 532:657-665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
20
|
Anjali TG, Basavaraj MG. Influence of pH and Salt Concentration on Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Colloidal Peanuts. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:13312-13321. [PMID: 30303393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Solid-stabilized emulsions commonly known as Pickering emulsions offer unique benefits such as superior stability and controlled permeability compared to conventional surfactant stabilized emulsions. In this article, the effect of pH, the electrolyte and particle concentration, homogenization speed, and volume fraction of oil on the formation, stability, and the microstructure of emulsion droplets stabilized by micron-size peanut-shaped hematite particles are investigated. The influence of surface charge of particles on emulsification is studied by varying the pH of the dispersing medium, the addition of an electrolyte or a combination of both. Stable O/W emulsions are formed only when the aqueous dispersions at intermediate pH between 4 and 11, and decane (2:1 volume ratio) are vigorously mixed. However, emulsions are not formed when the particles are highly charged that is, at pH 2 and 12. The presence of monovalent salt or high-speed homogenization assists the emulsion formation at pH 3, whereas their combination helps in emulsification at pH 2. However, neither the addition of an electrolyte nor the high-speed homogenization or their combination facilitates the formation of emulsions at pH 12. We show that the image-charge repulsion and the surface charge induced wettability change can explain the influence of both pH and salt concentrations on the formation of Pickering emulsions. Although oil-in-water emulsions typically cream because of the density difference, microscopy observations revealed the presence of a large number of small particle-covered oil droplets in the sediments of the emulsified samples. These drops are observed to be entrapped in dense-particle networks. This leads to a considerable reduction in the number of particles available for the stabilization of floating emulsion droplets and thus influences their size and surface coverage. The possibility of tailoring the stability, droplet size and, the surface coverage discussed in this article can play a crucial role in situations that demand controlled release of active components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thriveni G Anjali
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science (PECS) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036 , India
| | - Madivala G Basavaraj
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science (PECS) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036 , India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ge L, Cheng J, Wei D, Sun Y, Guo R. Anisotropic Particles Templated by Cerberus Emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:7386-7395. [PMID: 29874466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A strategy to the batch-scale fabrication of anisotropic particles with diverse morphologies and various chemical compositions is reported by applying the highly structured fluids of Cerberus emulsions as templates. The Cerberus emulsions are produced simply by traditional one-step vortex mixing the surfactant aqueous solution with three immiscible oils which are selectively photocurable or incurable. Anisotropic particles are subsequently fabricated by UV-induced polymerization. The diversity in the morphology of the particles is provided by the various controllable geometries of the Cerberus droplets. Various droplet morphologies of "engulfed-linear", "partial-engulfed-linear", and "linear-singlet" are obtained by employing various oil combinations. Precise control of the volume fraction of each segment within the droplet is realized on the basis of the three-phase diagram of the oils. The wide size range is achieved from hundreds of micrometers continuously down to nanometers, with topology remaining. In addition, for a matrix droplet with a fixed morphology, the multiplicity in the chemical composition and in the geometry of the resultant anisotropic particles is realized by selectively polymerizing one, two, or three of the oil lobes. Morphologies of "crescent moon", "etched-Janus", and "sandwich-Janus" are obtained with homogeneous or multiple distinct chemical compositions. The reported strategy is universal and can be extended to a huge family of polymeric anisotropic particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Jingru Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Duo Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
- Testing Center , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Rong Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Wei D, Ge L, Lu S, Li J, Guo R. Janus Particles Templated by Janus Emulsions and Application as a Pickering Emulsifier. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:5819-5828. [PMID: 28541052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
One-step vibrational mixing has afforded the batch-scale preparation of a Janus emulsion. The fabrication of Janus particles (JPs) templated by Janus emulsions was motivated by the topology and composition of the Janus droplets being highly tunable and controllable. Two immiscible polymerizable monomers were introduced as inner phases of the Janus emulsion. The advanced geometry of the resultant JPs was easily and precisely controlled from "snowman" to "dumbbell" by adjusting the mass ratio of two oils in the initial emulsion. The surface coverage of one lobe to the other was tuned by adjusting the mass ratio of mixed surfactants. Moreover, the size of JPs was able to be extended continuously from hundreds of micrometers to a few hundred nanometers while their morphologies remained within this wide size range. The proposed strategy is a universal technique in the synthesis of a family of composite polymeric JPs with both chemical and shape anisotropy. In addition, the as-generated chemically biphasic JPs were applied as emulsifiers to stabilize Pickering emulsions, and more attractively, emulsion inversion was readily achieved by choosing JPs with different morphologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duo Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡Testing Center, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lingling Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡Testing Center, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shuhui Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡Testing Center, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡Testing Center, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Rong Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡Testing Center, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ge L, Li J, Zhong S, Sun Y, Friberg SE, Guo R. Single, Janus, and Cerberus emulsions from the vibrational emulsification of oils with significant mutual solubility. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:1012-1019. [PMID: 28083592 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02690g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Single, Janus, and Cerberus emulsions are prepared in one system consisting of three oils: silicone (SO), fluorocarbon (FO) and ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (ETPTA) with mutual solubility. An aqueous solution of Pluronic F127, which is an poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide) co-polymer of average composition EO97PO68EO97, was employed as the continuous phase. The three-dimensional phase diagram of the oils was determined, and different oil compositions within the various regions of the phase diagram were emulsified by one-step vortex mixing with an F127 aqueous solution. The result showed single, Janus, and Cerberus emulsions within the different regions of the phase diagram; i.e. the emulsions reflected the equilibrium system. The topology of the Cerberus droplets is to an overwhelming extent linear-singlet and exclusively lobe order of EF/FO/SF. Since the results indicate a significant effect of the equilibrium interfacial tensions on the drop topology, thermodynamic calculations were made using the experimentally determined interfacial tensions. The results, as expected, show that the Cerberus emulsions are thermodynamically preferred over separate drops of the individual oils. In addition, the calculations demonstrate that the order of lobes within a drop is thermodynamically favored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province 225002, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xia L, Zhang H, Wei Z, Jiang Y, Zhang L, Zhao J, Zhang J, Dong L, Li E, Ruhlmann L, Zhang Q. Catalytic Emulsion Based on Janus Nanosheets for Ultra-Deep Desulfurization. Chemistry 2017; 23:1920-1929. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Xia
- College of Chemistry; Liaoning University; Shenyang 110036 P.R. China
| | - Hairan Zhang
- College of Chemistry; Liaoning University; Shenyang 110036 P.R. China
| | - Zhichao Wei
- College of Chemistry; Liaoning University; Shenyang 110036 P.R. China
| | - Yi Jiang
- College of Chemistry; Liaoning University; Shenyang 110036 P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science; Shenyang Normal University; Shenyang 110034 P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- College of Chemistry; Liaoning University; Shenyang 110036 P.R. China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- College of Chemistry; Liaoning University; Shenyang 110036 P.R. China
| | - Li Dong
- College of Chemistry; Liaoning University; Shenyang 110036 P.R. China
| | - Erni Li
- College of Chemistry; Liaoning University; Shenyang 110036 P.R. China
| | - Laurent Ruhlmann
- Université de Strasbourg; Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Laboratoire O'Electrochimie et de Chimie Physique du Corps Solide; 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032 67081 Strasbourg cedex France
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Chemistry; Liaoning University; Shenyang 110036 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|