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Shah P, Driscoll MM. Drop impact dynamics of complex fluids: a review. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:4839-4858. [PMID: 38873962 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00145a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The impact of fluid drops on solid substrates has widespread interest in many industrial coating and spraying applications, such as ink-jet printing and agricultural pesticide sprays. Many of the fluids used in these applications are non-Newtonian, that is they contain particulate or polymeric additives that strongly modify their flow behaviour. While a large body of experimental and theoretical work has been done to understand the impact dynamics of Newtonian fluids, we as a community have much progress to make to understand how these dynamics are modified when the impact fluid has non-Newtonian rheology. In this review, we outline recent experimental, theoretical, and computational advances in the study of impact dynamics of complex fluids on solid surfaces. Here, we provide an overview of this field that is geared towards a multidisciplinary audience. Our discussion is segmented by two principal material constitutions: polymeric fluids and particulate suspensions. Throughout, we highlight promising future directions, as well as ongoing experimental and theoretical challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phalguni Shah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Michelle M Driscoll
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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2
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Li K, Xie Y, Yang S, Ritasalo R, Mariam J, Yu M, Bi J, Ding H, Lu L. Synergetic Effects of Nanoscale ALD-HfO 2 Coatings and Bionic Microstructures for Antiadhesive Surgical Electrodes: Improved Cutting Performance, Antibacterial Property, and Biocompatibility. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43550-43562. [PMID: 37672350 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The high temperature induced by surgical electrodes is highly susceptible to severe surface adhesion and thermal damage to adjacent tissues, which is a major challenge in improving the quality of electrosurgery. Herein, we reported a coupled electrode with micro/nano hierarchical structures fabricated by depositing nanoscale hafnium oxide (HfO2) coatings on bionic microstructures (BMs) via laser texturing, acid washing, and atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques. The synergistic effect of HfO2 coatings and BMs greatly enhanced the hemophobicity of the electrode with a blood contact angle of 162.15 ± 3.16°. Furthermore, the coupled surface was proven to have excellent antiadhesive properties to blood when heated above 100 °C, and the underlying mechanism was discussed. Further experiments showed that the coupled electrode had significant advantages in reducing cutting forces, thermal damage, and tissue adhesion mass. Moreover, the antibacterial rates against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 97.2% and 97.9%, respectively. In addition, the noncytotoxicity levels of HfO2 coatings were verified by cell apoptosis and cycle assays, indirectly endowing the coupled electrode with biocompatibility. Overall, the coupled electrode was shown to have broad potential for application in the field of electrosurgery, and this work could provide new insights into antiadhesion properties under high-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Li
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yingxi Xie
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Shu Yang
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | | | | | - Min Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Junming Bi
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huanwen Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Longsheng Lu
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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3
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Wang J, Zhang M, Wang J, Chen R. Coupling effects of human serum albumin and sodium chloride on biological desiccation patterns. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19970. [PMID: 37810140 PMCID: PMC10559562 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Desiccation patterns of plasma sessile drops have attracted increasing attention, not only because of the fantastic underlying physics, but also due to their potential of being health diagnostic tools. However, plasma is a multicomponent system, which contains macromolecular proteins and inorganic salts; these components have complicated interactions to define pattern morphologies. Unfortunately, mechanisms of coupling effects of main components on pattern morphologies are still not clear, thus limiting their diagnostic applications. Here we show the coupling effects of human serum albumin (HSA) and sodium chloride (NaCl) on plasma desiccation patterns. Our experiments indicate that NaCl enhances the "coffee ring" effect of HSA to promote its aggregation at the peripheral region and narrows down its aggregation area; this would influence the distribution of internal stresses, resulting in a larger number of radial cracks, with a larger width but a shorter length, than cracks in pure HSA. In the meantime, HSA experiences the gelation process that propagates from the peripheral region to central region and causes the spatiotemporal deviation in the degree of solidification, which induces a higher concentration of NaCl in the central region, thus leading to the formation of crystal patterns. Our further experiments demonstrate that these characteristic patterns are correlated to the variation in the concentration of NaCl, which can be caused by hyponatremia and hypernatremia in real biofluids. Our findings not only provide a new mechanistic insight into biological desiccation patterns, but also bridge the gap between the understanding and diagnostic applications of these desiccation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Wang
- School of Physics and School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Physics and School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Physics and School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Ruoyang Chen
- School of Physics and School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 325000, China
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Orr A, Wilson P, Stotesbury T. Alginate/xanthan gum hydrogels as forensic blood substitutes for bloodstain formation and analysis. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:3711-3722. [PMID: 37190902 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the behaviour of human blood outside of the body has important implications in forensic research, especially related to bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA). The design of forensic blood substitutes (FBSs) can provide many advantages, including the incorporation of multiple physiological components for use as safe and reliable materials for forensic applications. In this work, we present the design of synthetic alginate and xanthan gum-based hydrogels that contain electrosprayed microparticles (MPs) with and without crosslinked DNA. In addition to the MPs, the alginate/xanthan gum FBS materials include fillers to alter the physical appearance and fluid properties of the material. The optimized FBS consisted of alginate (1% w/v) and xanthan gum (5.0 × 10-3% w/v), 2 mM CaCl2, ferric citrate (0.5% w/v), magnesium silicate (0.25% w/v), Allura Red dye (2% w/v), 0.025% v/v Tween 20 and 9.5% v/v MPs. The FBS was tested in passive dripping experiments relevant to BPA scenarios at various impact angles. The spreading ratio (Ds/D0) was determined for 90° stains made on a paper surface and compared to bovine blood where the FBS was shown to simulate accurate and predictable spreading behaviour. In addition, we simulated other common BPA scenarios (e.g., impact patterns) and evidence processing potential. The FBS could be swabbed, and the DNA could be extracted, amplified, and genotyped analogous to human blood evidence. A stability test was also conducted which revealed a shelf-life of over 4 weeks where the material remains relevant to human blood at physiological temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Orr
- Environmental and Life Sciences PhD Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, K9L 0G2, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Paul Wilson
- Biology Department, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, K9L 0G2, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theresa Stotesbury
- Faculty of Science, Forensic Science, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, L1G 0C5, ON, Canada
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Pal A, Gope A, Sengupta A. Drying of bio-colloidal sessile droplets: Advances, applications, and perspectives. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 314:102870. [PMID: 37002959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Drying of biologically-relevant sessile droplets, including passive systems such as DNA, proteins, plasma, and blood, as well as active microbial systems comprising bacterial and algal dispersions, has garnered considerable attention over the last decades. Distinct morphological patterns emerge when bio-colloids undergo evaporative drying, with significant potential in a wide range of biomedical applications, spanning bio-sensing, medical diagnostics, drug delivery, and antimicrobial resistance. Consequently, the prospects of novel and thrifty bio-medical toolkits based on drying bio-colloids have driven tremendous progress in the science of morphological patterns and advanced quantitative image-based analysis. This review presents a comprehensive overview of bio-colloidal droplets drying on solid substrates, focusing on the experimental progress during the last ten years. We provide a summary of the physical and material properties of relevant bio-colloids and link their native composition (constituent particles, solvent, and concentrations) to the patterns emerging due to drying. We specifically examined the drying patterns generated by passive bio-colloids (e.g., DNA, globular, fibrous, composite proteins, plasma, serum, blood, urine, tears, and saliva). This article highlights how the emerging morphological patterns are influenced by the nature of the biological entities and the solvent, micro- and global environmental conditions (temperature and relative humidity), and substrate attributes like wettability. Crucially, correlations between emergent patterns and the initial droplet compositions enable the detection of potential clinical abnormalities when compared with the patterns of drying droplets of healthy control samples, offering a blueprint for the diagnosis of the type and stage of a specific disease (or disorder). Recent experimental investigations of pattern formation in the bio-mimetic and salivary drying droplets in the context of COVID-19 are also presented. We further summarized the role of biologically active agents in the drying process, including bacteria, algae, spermatozoa, and nematodes, and discussed the coupling between self-propulsion and hydrodynamics during the drying process. We wrap up the review by highlighting the role of cross-scale in situ experimental techniques for quantifying sub-micron to micro-scale features and the critical role of cross-disciplinary approaches (e.g., experimental and image processing techniques with machine learning algorithms) to quantify and predict the drying-induced features. We conclude the review with a perspective on the next generation of research and applications based on drying droplets, ultimately enabling innovative solutions and quantitative tools to investigate this exciting interface of physics, biology, data sciences, and machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusuya Pal
- University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Coventry CV47AL, West Midlands, UK; Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Physics, Worcester 01609, MA, USA.
| | - Amalesh Gope
- Tezpur University, Department of Linguistics and Language Technology, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Anupam Sengupta
- University of Luxembourg, Physics of Living Matter, Department of Physics and Materials Science, Luxembourg L-1511, Luxembourg
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6
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Dynamic wetting of various liquids: Theoretical models, experiments, simulations and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 313:102861. [PMID: 36842344 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic wetting is a ubiquitous phenomenon and frequently observed in our daily life, as exemplified by the famous lotus effect. It is also an interfacial process of upmost importance involving many cutting-edge applications and has hence received significantly increasing academic and industrial attention for several decades. However, we are still far away to completely understand and predict wetting dynamics for a given system due to the complexity of this dynamic process. The physics of moving contact lines is mainly ascribed to the full coupling with the solid surface on which the liquids contact, the atmosphere surrounding the liquids, and the physico-chemical characteristics of the liquids involved (small-molecule liquids, metal liquids, polymer liquids, and simulated liquids). Therefore, to deepen the understanding and efficiently harness wetting dynamics, we propose to review the major advances in the available literature. After an introduction providing a concise and general background on dynamic wetting, the main theories are presented and critically compared. Next, the dynamic wetting of various liquids ranging from small-molecule liquids to simulated liquids are systematically summarized, in which the new physical concepts (such as surface segregation, contact line fluctuations, etc.) are particularly highlighted. Subsequently, the related emerging applications are briefly presented in this review. Finally, some tentative suggestions and challenges are proposed with the aim to guide future developments.
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Kumar S, Charitatos V. Influence of Surface Roughness on Droplet Evaporation and Absorption: Insights into Experiments from Lubrication-Theory-Based Models. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:15889-15904. [PMID: 36519694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
While solid substrates are often idealized as being perfectly smooth, all real surfaces possess some level of topographical and chemical heterogeneity. This heterogeneity can greatly influence droplet dynamics. Mathematical models based on lubrication theory that account for surface roughness reveal how topographical defects induce contact-line pinning and affect the deposition patterns of colloidal particles suspended in the droplet. Contact-line pinning profoundly changes the behavior of droplet evaporation on horizontal and inclined impermeable substrates and droplet absorption on horizontal permeable substrates. Models accounting for surface roughness yield predictions that are qualitatively consistent with experimental observations and also provide insight into the underlying physical mechanisms. These models are a foundation for the exploration of a rich array of problems concerning droplet dynamics which are of both fundamental and practical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Vasileios Charitatos
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Zhang C, Li W, Wang Y. Ultrafast Self-Assembly of Colloidal Photonic Crystals during Low-Pressure-Assisted Evaporation of Droplets. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3776-3780. [PMID: 35446036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
After evaporation of a sessile colloidal droplet, the coffee stain always emerges with disordered structures. This may be unfavorable for many applications, such as droplet-based printing. Therefore, to realize uniform and ordered patterns is becoming an urgent task. In this work, we realize ultrafast fabrication of uniform colloidal crystals by suppressing the coffee ring effect in flash evaporation of a droplet. The low-pressure environment can tremendously improve the evaporation rate, which will accelerate the colloidal particles to be captured by the gas-liquid interface and self-assemble into ordered structures instantaneously. With the control of the pressure and concentration, the uniform and ordered patterns can be realized in several seconds. The colloidal photonic crystals with diverse structural colors can be easily and rapidly obtained by adjusting the particle sizes. We think this work may have instructive significance in the rapid fabrication of high-quality and high-performance printed electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- National Microgravity Laboratory, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibin Li
- National Microgravity Laboratory, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuren Wang
- National Microgravity Laboratory, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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9
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Sefiane K, Duursma G, Arif A. Patterns from dried drops as a characterisation and healthcare diagnosis technique, potential and challenges: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 298:102546. [PMID: 34717206 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
When particulate-laden droplets evaporate, they leave behind complex patterns on the substrate depending on their composition and the dynamics of their evaporation. Over the past two decades, there has been an increased interest in interpreting these patterns due to their numerous applications in biomedicine, forensics, food quality analysis and inkjet printing. The objective of this review is to investigate the use of patterns from dried drops as a characterisation and diagnosis technique. The patterns left behind by dried drops of various complex fluids are categorised. The potential applications of these patterns are presented, focussing primarily on healthcare, where the future impact could be greatest. A discussion on the limitations which must be overcome and prospective works that may be carried out to allow for widespread implementation of this technique is presented in conclusion.
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10
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Attinger D, De Brabanter K, Champod C. Using the likelihood ratio in bloodstain pattern analysis. J Forensic Sci 2021; 67:33-43. [PMID: 34713435 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There is an apparent paradox that the likelihood ratio (LR) approach is an appropriate measure of the weight of evidence when forensic findings have to be evaluated in court, while it is typically not used by bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) experts. This commentary evaluates how the scope and methods of BPA relate to several types of evaluative propositions and methods to which LRs are applicable. As a result of this evaluation, we show how specificities in scope (BPA being about activities rather than source identification), gaps in the underlying science base, and the reliance on a wide range of methods render the use of LRs in BPA more complex than in some other forensic disciplines. Three directions are identified for BPA research and training, which would facilitate and widen the use of LRs: research in the underlying physics; the development of a culture of data sharing; and the development of training material on the required statistical background. An example of how recent fluid dynamics research in BPA can lead to the use of LR is provided. We conclude that an LR framework is fully applicable to BPA, provided methodic efforts and significant developments occur along the three outlined directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kris De Brabanter
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.,Department of Industrial Manufacturing & Systems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Christophe Champod
- Ecole des Sciences Criminelles, Faculty of Law, Criminal Justice and Public Administration, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Rivers DB. Differential responses of adult Calliphora vicina to dry bloodstains on porous versus non-porous surface materials. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 328:111041. [PMID: 34649100 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.111041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Necrophagous flies are presumed to feed on wet and dried blood at crime scenes, but no empirical information exists detailing fly interactions with dried bloodstains. In the present study, the foraging behavior of adult Calliphora vicina was characterized during interactions with dried bloodstains formed on a variety of porous, and non-porous materials that are commonly encountered in a household. Continuous digital recording and image analysis were used to monitor fly interactions with dried bloodstains and to determine mechanisms of stain modification. Flies displayed differential responses to bloodstains based on the porosity and topography of the surface material. For instance, blood that was not tightly adhered to the materials was flaked or dislodged by fly activity and was not consumed by the flies. On other non-porous surfaces, most stains were consumed following moistening by regurgitation. Feeding activity on such bloodstains frequently yielded partial, perimeter and skeletal stains. In contrast, adult flies rarely mechanically altered dried blood on porous fabrics and there was no evidence of modification due to feeding. Feeding avoidance behavior was observed due to tactile inhibition with blood dried on rough, uneven surfaces like cotton and denim.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Rivers
- Department of Biology and Forensic Pattern Analysis Program, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA.
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12
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Abstract
Blood pools can spread on several types of substrates depending on the surrounding environment and conditions. Understanding the influence of these parameters on the spreading of blood pools can provide crime scene investigators with useful information. The focus of the present study is on phase separation, that is, when the serum spreads outside the main blood pool. For this purpose, blood pools with constant initial masses on wooden floors that were either varnished or not were created at ambient temperatures of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$21~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$\end{document}21∘C, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$37~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$\end{document}37∘C with a relative humidity varying from 20 to 90%. The range \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$21~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$\end{document}21∘C to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$37~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$\end{document}37∘C covers almost all worldwide indoor cases. The same whole blood from the same donor was used for all experiments. As a result, an increase in relative humidity was found to result in an increase in the final pool area. In addition, at the three different experimental temperatures, the serum spread outside the main pool at relative humidity levels above 50%. This phase separation is more significant on varnished substrates, and does not lead to any changes in the drying morphology. This phenomenon is explained by the competition between coagulation and evaporation.
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Kumar S, Medale M, Marco PD, Brutin D. Sessile volatile drop evaporation under microgravity. NPJ Microgravity 2020; 6:37. [PMID: 33311490 PMCID: PMC7733520 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-020-00128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaporation of sessile drops of various volatile and non-volatile liquids, and their internal flow patterns with or without instabilities have been the subject of many investigations. The current experiment is a preparatory one for a space experiment planned to be installed in the European Drawer Rack 2 (EDR-2) of the International Space Station (ISS), to investigate drop evaporation in weightlessness. In this work, we concentrate on preliminary experimental results for the evaporation of hydrofluoroether (HFE-7100) sessile drops in a sounding rocket that has been performed in the frame of the MASER-14 Sounding Rocket Campaign, providing the science team with the opportunity to test the module and perform the experiment in microgravity for six consecutive minutes. The focus is on the evaporation rate, experimentally observed thermo-capillary instabilities, and the de-pinning process. The experimental results provide evidence for the relationship between thermo-capillary instabilities and the measured critical height of the sessile drop interface. There is also evidence of the effects of microgravity and Earth conditions on the sessile drop evaporation rate, and the shape of the sessile drop interface and its influence on the de-pinning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Aix-Marseille Universite, CNRS, IUSTI UMR 7343, Marseille, 13013, France.
| | - Marc Medale
- Aix-Marseille Universite, CNRS, IUSTI UMR 7343, Marseille, 13013, France
| | - Paolo Di Marco
- DESTEC, University of Pisa, Largo Lazzarino 1, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - David Brutin
- Aix-Marseille Universite, CNRS, IUSTI UMR 7343, Marseille, 13013, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, 75231, France.
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14
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Pal A, Gope A, Obayemi JD, Iannacchione GS. Concentration-driven phase transition and self-assembly in drying droplets of diluting whole blood. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18908. [PMID: 33144671 PMCID: PMC7609771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-colloidal systems exhibit a variety of structural and functional complexity owing to their ability to interact amongst different components into self-assembled structures. This paper presents experimental confirmations that reveal an interesting sharp phase transition during the drying state and in the dried film as a function of diluting concentrations ranging from 100% (undiluted whole blood) to 12.5% (diluted concentrations). An additional complementary contact angle measurement exhibits a monotonic decrease with a peak as a function of drying. This peak is related to a change in visco-elasticity that decreases with dilution, and disappears at the dilution concentration for the observed phase transition equivalent to 62% (v/v). This unique behavior is clearly commensurate with the optical image statistics and morphological analysis; and it is driven by the decrease in the interactions between various components within this bio-colloid. The implications of these phenomenal systems may address many open-ended questions of complex hierarchical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusuya Pal
- Order-Disorder Phenomena Laboratory, Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, 01609, USA.
| | - Amalesh Gope
- Department of English, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, India
| | - John D Obayemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, 01609, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, 01609, USA
| | - Germano S Iannacchione
- Order-Disorder Phenomena Laboratory, Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, 01609, USA
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15
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Gopu M, Rathod S, Namangalam U, Pujala RK, Kumar SS, Mampallil D. Evaporation of Inclined Drops: Formation of Asymmetric Ring Patterns. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:8137-8143. [PMID: 32589843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Evaporation of colloidal drops on horizontal surfaces deposits the contained particles at the drop-edge producing radially symmetric ring-like stains. The symmetry in the particle deposition is broken when the drop is placed on a tilted surface due to the influence of gravity on the suspended particles and the drop itself. Using extremely small drops generated by electrospray, we explore cases where different mechanisms of particle transport dominate. We show that the asymmetric residues are formed as the gravity-induced effects compete with the capillary flow. Our results give a broad insight into the pattern formation of evaporating inclined drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheshwar Gopu
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mangalam, 517507 Tirupati, India
| | - Sachin Rathod
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mangalam, 517507 Tirupati, India
| | - Uma Namangalam
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mangalam, 517507 Tirupati, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Pujala
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mangalam, 517507 Tirupati, India
| | - S Sunil Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mangalam, 517507 Tirupati, India
| | - Dileep Mampallil
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mangalam, 517507 Tirupati, India
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16
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Smith FR, Nicloux C, Brutin D. A new forensic tool to date human blood pools. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8598. [PMID: 32451419 PMCID: PMC7248111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Courtrooms are asking for reliable scientific evidence in order to prevent wrongful convictions. Thus, a more rigorous approach to forensic science approved by scientific methods is promoted. The study of human blood dynamics in the context of forensic science is becoming a widespread research topic, although the physics behind wetting and drying of blood is not completely understood. Based on the morphological changes of drying blood pools, the following work presents a patentable method to quantitatively date these blood pools for forensic purposes. As for drying drops of blood, cracking patterns are observed but they are more disordered. Similar disordered crack patterns are observed in the case of gels, their evaporation process is, therefore, presented since this topic has been thoroughly investigated. We aim to find reliable patterns that could give information concerning the evolution of a blood pool over time to lead to practical application of this knowledge. An empirical model is established between final dried blood patterns and the generating mechanism, yielding application in bloodstain pattern analysis for forensic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Smith
- Aix-Marseille University, IUSTI UMR CNRS 7343, 13007, Marseille, France.
| | - C Nicloux
- Institut de Recherche Criminelle de la Gendarmerie Nationale, 95300 Pontoise, France, Cergy, France
| | - D Brutin
- Aix-Marseille University, IUSTI UMR CNRS 7343, 13007, Marseille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231, Paris, France
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Pal A, Gope A, Athair AS, Iannacchione GS. A comparative study of the drying evolution and dried morphology of two globular proteins in de-ionized water solutions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:16906-16916. [PMID: 35496925 PMCID: PMC9053175 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01748e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern formation in drying protein droplets continues to attract considerable research attention because it can be linked to specific protein-protein interactions. An extensive study of the drying evolution and the final crack patterns is presented, highlighting the concentration dependence (from 1 to 13 wt%) of two globular proteins, lysozyme (Lys) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), in de-ionized water. The drying evolution starts with a constant contact radius mode and shifts to a mixed mode where both fluid front and contact angle changes. The contact angle monotonically decreases, whereas, the fluid front exhibits two regimes: an initial linear regime and a later non-linear regime. Unlike the linear regime, the non-linear regime is faster for Lys droplets. This results in the formation of a "mound"-like structure in the central region. A new feature, a "dimple" is observed in this mound which is found to be dependent on the initial concentration. The different crack morphology of BSA and Lys depends strongly on the initial state of the solution and can be interpreted using a simple mechanical model. In fact, when dried under uniform conditions (surface, humidity, temperature, droplet diameter, etc.), the evolution and the final pattern displays as a fingerprint of the initial state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusuya Pal
- Department of Physics, Order-Disorder Phenomena Laboratory, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA 01609 USA
| | - Amalesh Gope
- Department of English, Tezpur University Tezpur Assam 784028 India
| | - Ari S Athair
- Department of Physics, Order-Disorder Phenomena Laboratory, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA 01609 USA
| | - Germano S Iannacchione
- Department of Physics, Order-Disorder Phenomena Laboratory, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA 01609 USA
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18
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Kubochkin N, Venzmer J, Gambaryan-Roisman T. Superspreading and Drying of Trisiloxane-Laden Quantum Dot Nanofluids on Hydrophobic Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:3798-3813. [PMID: 32208609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanofluids hold promise for a wide range of areas of industry. However, understanding the wetting behavior and deposition formation in the course of drying and spreading of nanofluids, particularly containing surfactants, is still poor. In this paper, the evaporation dynamics of quantum dot-based nanofluids and evaporation-driven self-assembly in nanocolloidal suspensions on hexamethyldisilazane-, polystyrene-, and polypropylene-coated hydrophobic surfaces have been studied experimentally. Moreover, for the very first time, we make a step toward understanding the wetting dynamics of superspreader surfactant-laden nanofluids. It was revealed that drying of surfactant-free quantum dot nanofluids in contrast to pure liquids undergoes not three but four evaporation modes including last additional pinning mode when the contact angle decreases while the triple contact line is pinned by the nanocrystals. In contrast to previous studies, it was found out that addition of nanoparticles to aqueous surfactant solutions leads to deterioration of the spreading rate and to formation of a double coffee ring. For all surfaces examined, superspreading in the presence and absence of quantum dot nanoparticles takes place. Despite the formation of coffee rings on all substrates, they have different morphologies. In particular, the knot-like structures are incorporated into the ring on hexamethyldisilazane- and polystyrene-coated surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Kubochkin
- Institute for Technical Thermodynamics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich Weiss Strasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Joachim Venzmer
- Research Interfacial Technology, Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Goldschmidtstrasse 100, 45127 Essen, Germany
| | - Tatiana Gambaryan-Roisman
- Institute for Technical Thermodynamics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich Weiss Strasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Mukhopadhyay M, Ray R, Ayushman M, Sood P, Bhattacharyya M, Sarkar D, DasGupta S. Interfacial energy driven distinctive pattern formation during the drying of blood droplets. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 573:307-316. [PMID: 32289626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Dried blood droplet morphology may potentially serve as an alternative biomarker for several patho-physiological conditions. The deviant properties of the red blood cells and the abnormal composition of diseased samples are hypothesized to manifest through unique cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions leading to different morphological patterns. Identifying distinctive morphological trait from a large sample size and proposing confirmatory explanations are necessary to establish the signatory pattern as a potential biomarker to differentiate healthy and diseased samples. EXPERIMENTS Comprehensive experimental investigation was undertaken to identify the signatory dried blood droplet patterns. The corresponding image based analysis was in turn used to differentiate the blood samples with a specific haematological disorder "Thalassaemia" from healthy ones. Relevant theoretical analysis explored the role of cell-surface and cell-cell interactions pertinent to the formation of the distinct dried patterns. FINDINGS The differences observed in the dried blood patterns, specifically the radial crack lengths, were found to eventuate from the differences in the overall interaction energies of the system. A first-generation theoretical analysis, with the mean field approximation, also confirmed similar outcome and justified the role of the different physico-chemical properties of red blood cells in diseased samples resulting in shorter radial cracks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikuntala Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Pin 721302 West Bengal, India
| | - Rudra Ray
- Institute of Haematology & Transfusion Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata, Pin 700073 West Bengal, India
| | - Manish Ayushman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Pin 721302 West Bengal, India
| | - Pourush Sood
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Pin 721302 West Bengal, India
| | - Maitreyee Bhattacharyya
- Institute of Haematology & Transfusion Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata, Pin 700073 West Bengal, India
| | - Debasish Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Calcutta, Pin 700009 West Bengal, India
| | - Sunando DasGupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Pin 721302 West Bengal, India.
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Hamadeh L, Imran S, Bencsik M, Sharpe GR, Johnson MA, Fairhurst DJ. Machine Learning Analysis for Quantitative Discrimination of Dried Blood Droplets. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3313. [PMID: 32094359 PMCID: PMC7040018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most interesting and everyday natural phenomenon is the formation of different patterns after the evaporation of liquid droplets on a solid surface. The analysis of dried patterns from blood droplets has recently gained a lot of attention, experimentally and theoretically, due to its potential application in diagnostic medicine and forensic science. This paper presents evidence that images of dried blood droplets have a signature revealing the exhaustion level of the person, and discloses an entirely novel approach to studying human dried blood droplet patterns. We took blood samples from 30 healthy young male volunteers before and after exhaustive exercise, which is well known to cause large changes to blood chemistry. We objectively and quantitatively analysed 1800 images of dried blood droplets, developing sophisticated image processing analysis routines and optimising a multivariate statistical machine learning algorithm. We looked for statistically relevant correlations between the patterns in the dried blood droplets and exercise-induced changes in blood chemistry. An analysis of the various measured physiological parameters was also investigated. We found that when our machine learning algorithm, which optimises a statistical model combining Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as an unsupervised learning method and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) as a supervised learning method, is applied on the logarithmic power spectrum of the images, it can provide up to 95% prediction accuracy, in discriminating the physiological conditions, i.e., before or after physical exercise. This correlation is strongest when all ten images taken per volunteer per condition are averaged, rather than treated individually. Having demonstrated proof-of-principle, this method can be applied to identify diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Hamadeh
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, Clifton Campus, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Samia Imran
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, Clifton Campus, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Bencsik
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, Clifton Campus, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Graham R Sharpe
- Exercise and Health Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Johnson
- Exercise and Health Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - David J Fairhurst
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, Clifton Campus, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
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21
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Kumar P, Agrawal P, Chatterjee K. Challenges and opportunities in blood flow through porous substrate: A design and interface perspective of dried blood spot. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 175:112772. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Blanco D, Rivera N, Oulego P, Díaz M, González R, Battez AH. Novel fatty acid anion-based ionic liquids: Contact angle, surface tension, polarity fraction and spreading parameter. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.110995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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23
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Mozhi Devan Padmanathan A, Sneha Ravi A, Choudhary H, Varanakkottu SN, Dalvi SV. Predictive Framework for the Spreading of Liquid Drops and the Formation of Liquid Marbles on Hydrophobic Particle Bed. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6657-6668. [PMID: 31039316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have developed a model to describe the behavior of liquid drops upon impaction on hydrophobic particle bed and verified it experimentally. Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) particles were used to coat drops of water, aqueous solutions of glycerol (20, 40, and 60% v/v), and ethanol (5 and 12% v/v). The experiments were conducted for Weber number ( We) ranging from 8 to 130 and Reynolds number ( Re) ranging from 370 to 4460. The bed porosity was varied from 0.8 to 0.6. The experimental values of βmax (ratio of the diameter at the maximum spreading condition to the initial drop diameter) were estimated from the time-lapsed images captured using a high-speed camera. The theoretical βmax was estimated by making energy balances on the liquid drop. The proposed model accounts for the energy losses due to viscous dissipation and crater formation along with a change in kinetic energy and surface energy. A good agreement was obtained between the experimental βmax and the estimated theoretical βmax. The proposed model yielded a least % absolute average relative deviation (% AARD) of 5.5 ± 4.3 compared to other models available in the literature. Further, it was found that the liquid drops impacting on particle bed are completely coated with PTFE particles with βmax values greater than 2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Apoorva Sneha Ravi
- Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar , Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355 , Gujarat , India
| | - Hema Choudhary
- Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar , Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355 , Gujarat , India
| | | | - Sameer V Dalvi
- Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar , Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355 , Gujarat , India
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Morphology of Dried Drop Patterns of Saliva from a Healthy Individual Depending on the Dynamics of Its Surface Tension. SURFACES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/surfaces2020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background: The study of processes in the drying drops of biological fluids (dried drop patterns) and the method of dynamic surface tensiometry can be attributed to integral methods of assessing the state of the organism. Research objective: to establish the relationship between the type of crystallization patterns and the surface tension of human saliva in normal conditions. Methods: 100 volunteers (40 males, 60 females) that were aged 30–59 participated in the study. In all saliva samples, the parameters of dynamic tensiometry, types of crystallization patterns and 11 biochemical parameters were determined. Results: No statistically significant differences in the saliva crystallization patterns were observed, depending on the age and gender characteristics of the volunteers. A negative correlation of the area of the crystallization zone and the surface tension of saliva is shown. When considering the crystallization patterns, their considerable variability was noted; on this basis, the entire studied sample was divided into four clusters by surface tension. Conclusion: In general, the crystallization patterns that are inside the selected groups remain quite heterogeneous. This increases the likelihood of making an incorrect diagnosis when using visual methods to evaluate the crystallization patterns, which significantly limits the use of such diagnostic methods in clinical practice.
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Polacco S, Wilson P, Illes M, Vreugdenhil AJ, Stotesbury T. Luminol reagent control materials in bloodstain pattern analysis: A silicon sol-gel polymer alternative. Forensic Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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