1
|
Zhao Q, Ye Z, Deng Y, Chen J, Chen J, Liu D, Ye X, Huan C. An advance in novel intelligent sensory technologies: From an implicit-tracking perspective of food perception. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13327. [PMID: 38517017 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Food sensory evaluation mainly includes explicit and implicit measurement methods. Implicit measures of consumer perception are gaining significant attention in food sensory and consumer science as they provide effective, subconscious, objective analysis. A wide range of advanced technologies are now available for analyzing physiological and psychological responses, including facial analysis technology, neuroimaging technology, autonomic nervous system technology, and behavioral pattern measurement. However, researchers in the food field often lack systematic knowledge of these multidisciplinary technologies and struggle with interpreting their results. In order to bridge this gap, this review systematically describes the principles and highlights the applications in food sensory and consumer science of facial analysis technologies such as eye tracking, facial electromyography, and automatic facial expression analysis, as well as neuroimaging technologies like electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, we critically compare and discuss these advanced implicit techniques in the context of food sensory research and then accordingly propose prospects. Ultimately, we conclude that implicit measures should be complemented by traditional explicit measures to capture responses beyond preference. Facial analysis technologies offer a more objective reflection of sensory perception and attitudes toward food, whereas neuroimaging techniques provide valuable insight into the implicit physiological responses during food consumption. To enhance the interpretability and generalizability of implicit measurement results, further sensory studies are needed. Looking ahead, the combination of different methodological techniques in real-life situations holds promise for consumer sensory science in the field of food research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Zhiyue Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yong Deng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jin Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianle Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Cheng Huan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zulkarnain AHB, Radványi D, Szakál D, Kókai Z, Gere A. Unveiling aromas: Virtual reality and scent identification for sensory analysis. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100698. [PMID: 38405363 PMCID: PMC10883831 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sensory analysis is crucial for optimizing experiences in various fields, including food, cosmetics, and product design. Traditional methods can be inefficient and imprecise. This study introduces a novel approach by blending Virtual Reality (VR) technology with scent identification techniques. The aim is to investigate whether the visual representation of food products affects scent perception. Limited research has explored the use of VR in scent identification, which is especially relevant when altering the food environment setting. A virtual sensory laboratory was developed to mimic MATE's sensory booth. Sixty participants, all MATE students, were involved in this study. This method offers a potential means to streamline scent identification and reduce human bias in sensory analysis. In summary, the combination of VR technology and scent identification presents a fresh methodological approach to sensory analysis, where both scent and exposure are influenced by the environment or imagery. This concept delves into cross-modal correspondences and the role of sensory cues in shaping our perception of food odours within the VR setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hannan Bin Zulkarnain
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-1118, Budapest, Villányi út. 29-31, Hungary
| | - Dalma Radványi
- Department of Hospitality, Faculty of Commerce, Hospitality and Tourism, Budapest Business University, H-1045, Budapest, Alkotmány utca 9-11., Hungary
| | - Dorina Szakál
- Department of Hospitality, Faculty of Commerce, Hospitality and Tourism, Budapest Business University, H-1045, Budapest, Alkotmány utca 9-11., Hungary
- Institute of Agribusiness, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-1118, Budapest, Villányi út. 29-31, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kókai
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-1118, Budapest, Villányi út. 29-31, Hungary
| | - Attila Gere
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-1118, Budapest, Villányi út. 29-31, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aznan A, Gonzalez Viejo C, Pang A, Fuentes S. Review of technology advances to assess rice quality traits and consumer perception. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113105. [PMID: 37689840 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The increase in rice consumption and demand for high-quality rice is impacted by the growth of socioeconomic status in developing countries and consumer awareness of the health benefits of rice consumption. The latter aspects drive the need for rapid, low-cost, and reliable quality assessment methods to produce high-quality rice according to consumer preference. This is important to ensure the sustainability of the rice value chain and, therefore, accelerate the rice industry toward digital agriculture. This review article focuses on the measurements of the physicochemical and sensory quality of rice, including new and emerging technology advances, particularly in the development of low-cost, non-destructive, and rapid digital sensing techniques to assess rice quality traits and consumer perceptions. In addition, the prospects for potential applications of emerging technologies (i.e., sensors, computer vision, machine learning, and artificial intelligence) to assess rice quality and consumer preferences are discussed. The integration of these technologies shows promising potential in the forthcoming to be adopted by the rice industry to assess rice quality traits and consumer preferences at a lower cost, shorter time, and more objectively compared to the traditional approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimi Aznan
- Digital Agriculture, Food and Wine Group, School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Claudia Gonzalez Viejo
- Digital Agriculture, Food and Wine Group, School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alexis Pang
- Digital Agriculture, Food and Wine Group, School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sigfredo Fuentes
- Digital Agriculture, Food and Wine Group, School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., México 64849, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Effects of Different Beer Compounds on Biometrically Assessed Emotional Responses in Consumers. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9030269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The study of emotional responses from consumers toward beer products is an important digital tool to obtain novel information about the acceptability of beers and their optimal physicochemical composition. This research proposed the use of biometrics to assess emotional responses from Mexican beer consumers while tasting top- and bottom-fermented samples. Furthermore, a novel emotional validation assessment using proven evoking images for neutral, negative, and positive emotions was proposed. The results showed that emotional responses obtained from self-reported emoticons and biometrics are correlated to the specific emotions evoked by the visual, aroma, and taste aspects of beers. Consumers preferred bottom-fermentation beers and disliked the wheat-based and higher-bitterness samples. Chemical compounds and concentrations were in accordance to previously reported research for similar beer styles. However, the levels of hordenine were not high enough to evoke positive emotions in the biometric assessment, which opens additional research opportunities to assess higher concentrations of this alkaloid to increase the happiness perception of low or non-alcoholic beers.
Collapse
|
5
|
Nunes CA, Ribeiro MN, de Carvalho TCL, Ferreira DD, de Oliveira LL, Pinheiro ACM. Artificial intelligence in sensory and consumer studies of food products. Curr Opin Food Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2023.101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
6
|
Rapid screening of mayonnaise quality using computer vision and machine learning. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-023-01814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
7
|
Non-Invasive Digital Technologies to Assess Wine Quality Traits and Provenance through the Bottle. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Due to increased fraud rates through counterfeiting and adulteration of wines, it is important to develop novel non-invasive techniques to assess wine quality and provenance. Assessment of quality traits and provenance of wines is predominantly undertaken with complex chemical analysis and sensory evaluation, which tend to be costly and time-consuming. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a rapid and non-invasive method to assess wine vintages and quality traits using digital technologies. Samples from thirteen vintages from Dookie, Victoria, Australia (2000–2021) of Shiraz were analysed using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) through unopened bottles to assess the wine chemical fingerprinting. Three highly accurate machine learning (ML) models were developed using the NIR absorbance values as inputs to predict (i) wine vintage (Model 1; 97.2%), (ii) intensity of sensory descriptors (Model 2; R = 0.95), and (iii) peak area of volatile aromatic compounds (Model 3; R = 0.88). The proposed method will allow the assessment of provenance and quality traits of wines without the need to open the wine bottle, which may also be used to detect wine fraud and provenance. Furthermore, low-cost NIR devices are available in the market with required spectral range and sensitivity, which can be affordable for winemakers and retailers and can be used with the machine learning models proposed here.
Collapse
|
8
|
Torrico DD, Mehta A, Borssato A. New methods to assess sensory responses: A brief review of innovative techniques in sensory evaluation. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
9
|
Gupta MK, Viejo CG, Fuentes S, Torrico DD, Saturno PC, Gras SL, Dunshea FR, Cottrell JJ. Digital technologies to assess yoghurt quality traits and consumers acceptability. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5642-5652. [PMID: 35368112 PMCID: PMC9544762 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory biometrics provide advantages for consumer tasting by quantifying physiological changes and the emotional response from participants, removing variability associated with self-reported responses. The present study aimed to measure consumers' emotional and physiological responses towards different commercial yoghurts, including dairy and plant-based yoghurts. The physiochemical properties of these products were also measured and linked with consumer responses. RESULTS Six samples (Control, Coconut, Soy, Berry, Cookies and Drinkable) were evaluated for overall liking by n = 62 consumers using a nine-point hedonic scale. Videos from participants were recorded using the Bio-Sensory application during tasting to assess emotions and heart rate. Physicochemical parameters Brix, pH, density, color (L, a and b), firmness and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy were also measured. Principal component analysis and a correlation matrix were used to assess relationships between the measured parameters. Heart rate was positively related to firmness, yaw head movement and overall liking, which were further associated with the Cookies sample. Two machine learning regression models were developed using (i) NIR absorbance values as inputs to predict the physicochemical parameters (Model 1) and (ii) the outputs from Model 1 as inputs to predict consumers overall liking (Model 2). Both models presented very high accuracy (Model 1: R = 0.98; Model 2: R = 0.99). CONCLUSION The presented methods were shown to be highly accurate and reliable with respect to their potential use by the industry to assess yoghurt quality traits and acceptability. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitali K Gupta
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
- Future Food Hallmark Research InitiativeThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Claudia Gonzalez Viejo
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
- Digital Agriculture, Food and Wine groupThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Sigfredo Fuentes
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
- Digital Agriculture, Food and Wine groupThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Damir D Torrico
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular BiosciencesLincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand
| | - Patrizia Camille Saturno
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
- Philippine Carabao Center (PCC), National Headquarters and Gene Pool, Science City of MuñozPalayanPhilippines
| | - Sally L Gras
- Future Food Hallmark Research InitiativeThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
- Future Food Hallmark Research InitiativeThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
- Faculty of Biological SciencesThe University of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Jeremy J Cottrell
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
- Future Food Hallmark Research InitiativeThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun Z, Wang L, Zhang G, Yang S, Zhong Q. Pepino (Solanum muricatum) Metabolic Profiles and Soil Nutrient Association Analysis in Three Growing Sites on the Loess Plateau of Northwestern China. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100885. [PMID: 36295787 PMCID: PMC9610035 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different soil nutrients affect the accumulation characteristics of plant metabolites. To investigate the differences among the metabolites of pepino grown in greenhouses on the Loess Plateau in northwest China, we investigated the main soil nutrients and their correlation with metabolites. A total of 269 pepino metabolites were identified using UPLC-QTOF-MS to detect metabolites in fruits from three major pepino growing regions and analyze their differential distribution characteristics. A total of 99 of these substances differed among pepino fruits from the three areas, and the main classes of the differential metabolites were, in order of number: amino acids and derivatives, nucleotides and derivatives, organic acids, alkaloids, vitamins, saccharides and alcohols, phenolic acids, lipids and others. An environmental factor analysis identified soil nutrients as the most significant differentiator. Five soil nutrient indicators: TN (total nitrogen), TP (total phosphorus), AP (available phosphorus), AK (available potassium), and OM (organic matter), exhibited significant differences in three growing sites. Metabolite and soil nutrient association analysis using redundancy analysis (RDA) and the Mantel test indicated that TN and OM contributed to the accumulation of amino acids and derivatives, nucleotides and derivatives, and alkaloids while inhibiting organic acids, vitamins coagulation biosynthesis. Moreover, AP and TP were associated with the highest accumulation of saccharides and, alcohols, phenolic acids. Consequently, differences in soil nutrients were reflected in pepino metabolite variability. This study clarified the metabolite variability and the relationship between pepino and soil nutrients in the main planting areas of northwest China. It provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent development of Pepino’s nutritional value and cultivation management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Sun
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Xining 810016, China
| | - Guangnan Zhang
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Xining 810016, China
| | - Shipeng Yang
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Xining 810016, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qiwen Zhong
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Xining 810016, China
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (Q.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hassoun A, Alhaj Abdullah N, Aït-Kaddour A, Ghellam M, Beşir A, Zannou O, Önal B, Aadil RM, Lorenzo JM, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Regenstein JM. Food traceability 4.0 as part of the fourth industrial revolution: key enabling technologies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:873-889. [PMID: 35950635 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2110033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Food Traceability 4.0 (FT 4.0) is about tracing foods in the era of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) with techniques and technologies reflecting this new revolution. Interest in food traceability has gained momentum in response to, among others events, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, reinforcing the need for digital food traceability that prevents food fraud and provides reliable information about food. This review will briefly summarize the most common conventional methods available to determine food authenticity before highlighting examples of emerging techniques that can be used to combat food fraud and improve food traceability. A particular focus will be on the concept of FT 4.0 and the significant role of digital solutions and other relevant Industry 4.0 innovations in enhancing food traceability. Based on this review, a possible new research topic, namely FT 4.0, is encouraged to take advantage of the rapid digitalization and technological advances occurring in the era of Industry 4.0. The main FT 4.0 enablers are blockchain, the Internet of things, artificial intelligence, and big data. Digital technologies in the age of Industry 4.0 have significant potential to improve the way food is traced, decrease food waste and reduce vulnerability to fraud opening new opportunities to achieve smarter food traceability. Although most of these emerging technologies are still under development, it is anticipated that future research will overcome current limitations making large-scale applications possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdo Hassoun
- Sustainable AgriFoodtech Innovation & Research (SAFIR), Arras, France
- Syrian Academic Expertise (SAE), Gaziantep, Turkey
| | | | | | - Mohamed Ghellam
- Faculty of Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Beşir
- Faculty of Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Oscar Zannou
- Faculty of Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Begüm Önal
- Gourmet International Ltd, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jose M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joe M Regenstein
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gonzalez Viejo C, Fuentes S. Digital Assessment and Classification of Wine Faults Using a Low-Cost Electronic Nose, Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Modelling. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22062303. [PMID: 35336472 PMCID: PMC8955090 DOI: 10.3390/s22062303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The winemaking industry can benefit greatly by implementing digital technologies to avoid guesswork and the development of off-flavors and aromas in the final wines. This research presents results on the implementation of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and a low-cost electronic nose (e-nose) coupled with machine learning to detect and assess wine faults. For this purpose, red and white base wines were used, and treatments consisted of spiked samples with 12 faults that are traditionally formed in wines. Results showed high accuracy in the classification models using NIR and e-nose for red wines (94–96%; 92–97%, respectively) and white wines (96–97%; 90–97%, respectively). Implementing new and emerging digital technologies could be a turning point for the winemaking industry to become more predictive in terms of decision-making and maintaining and increasing wine quality traits in a changing and challenging climate.
Collapse
|
13
|
Starkey DE, Wang Z, Brunt K, Dreyfuss L, Haselberger PA, Holroyd SE, Janakiraman K, Kasturi P, Konings EJM, Labbe D, Latulippe ME, Lavigne X, McCleary BV, Parisi S, Shao T, Sullivan D, Torres M, Yadlapalli S, Vrasidas I. The Challenge of Measuring Sweet Taste in Food Ingredients and Products for Regulatory Compliance: A Scientific Opinion. J AOAC Int 2022; 105:333-345. [PMID: 35040962 PMCID: PMC8924649 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Codex Alimentarius Commission, a central part of the joint Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organizations Food Standards Program, adopts internationally recognized standards, guidelines, and code of practices that help ensure safety, quality, and fairness of food trade globally. Although Codex standards are not regulations per se, regulatory authorities around the world may benchmark against these standards or introduce them into regulations within their countries. Recently, the Codex Committee on Nutrition and Foods for Special Dietary Uses (CCNFSDU) initiated a draft revision to the Codex standard for follow-up formula (FUF), a drink/product (with added nutrients) for young children, to include requirements for limiting or measuring the amount of sweet taste contributed by carbohydrates in a product. Stakeholders from multiple food and beverage manufacturers expressed concern about the subjectivity of sweetness and challenges with objective measurement for verifying regulatory compliance. It is a requirement that Codex standards include a reference to a suitable method of analysis for verifying compliance with the standard. In response, AOAC INTERNATIONAL formed the Ad Hoc Expert Panel on Sweetness in November 2020 to review human perception of sweet taste, assess the landscape of internationally recognized analytical and sensory methods for measuring sweet taste in food ingredients and products, deliver recommendations to Codex regarding verification of sweet taste requirements for FUF, and develop a scientific opinion on measuring sweet taste in food and beverage products beyond FUF. Findings showed an abundance of official analytical methods for determining quantities of carbohydrates and other sweet-tasting molecules in food products and beverages, but no analytical methods capable of determining sweet taste. Furthermore, sweet taste can be determined by standard sensory analysis methods. However, it is impossible to define a sensory intensity reference value for sweetness, making them unfit to verify regulatory compliance for the purpose of international food trade. Based on these findings and recommendations, the Codex Committee on Methods of Analysis and Sampling agreed during its 41st session in May 2021 to inform CCNFSDU that there are no known validated methods to measure sweetness of carbohydrate sources; therefore, no way to determine compliance for such a requirement for FUF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhuzhu Wang
- Abbott Nutrition, 1800 South Oak St, Suite 210 Champaign, IL61820, USA
- University of Illinois, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, 1302 W. Pennsylvania Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kommer Brunt
- Rotating Disc b.v, Spoorlaan 31, 9753HVHaren, The Netherlands
| | - Lise Dreyfuss
- SAM Sensory and Marketing International, 46 rue Armand Carrel, 75019 Paris, France
| | | | - Stephen E Holroyd
- Fonterra Research and Development Centre, Private Bag 11029, Palmerston North4 442, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Erik J M Konings
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA Nestlé Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Bâtimon G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Labbe
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA Nestlé Institute of Material Sciences, Rte du Jorat 57, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Marie E Latulippe
- Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 740 15th St NW, #600, Washington DC 20005, USA
| | - Xavier Lavigne
- Abbott Nutrition, Park Lane, Culliganlaan 2B, 1831 Diegem, Belgium
| | - Barry V McCleary
- Eden Rd, Greystones, Murrumburrah, County Wicklow A63YW01, Ireland
| | - Salvatore Parisi
- Lourdes Matha Institute of Hotel Management and Catering Technology, Kuttichal PO, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695574 India
| | - Tony Shao
- PepsiCo R&D, 617, W. Main St, Barrington, IL 60010, USA
| | - Darryl Sullivan
- Eurofins Scientific, N2743 Butternut Rd, Pyonette, WI 53955, USA
| | - Marina Torres
- Departamento de Desarrollo de Métodos Analiticos, Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay LATU, Avenida Italia, 6201 11500 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sudhakar Yadlapalli
- FirstSource Laboratory Solutions LLP (Analytical Services), First Floor, Plot No- A1/B, IDA Nacharam Cross Rd., Hyderabad 500076 India
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
WANG A, ZHU Y, ZOU L, ZHU H, CAO R, ZHAO G. Combination of machine learning and intelligent sensors in real-time quality control of alcoholic beverages. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.54622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hong ZHU
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Ruge CAO
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Low JYQ, Diako C, Lin VHF, Yeon LJ, Hort J. Investigating the relative merits of using a mixed reality context for measuring affective response and predicting tea break snack choice. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110718. [PMID: 34865749 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sensory evaluation for the investigation of food consumption is often conducted in a controlled laboratory environment, which does not reflect consumption behaviour in real world. Here, we compared the effect of consumption setting (traditional sensory booth, mixed reality projection café, and a café) on consumer affective responses, and to investigate the effectiveness of using Microsoft HoloLens technology, an Augmented Mixed Reality device, as an ecologically valid alternative to natural consumption eating for sensory evaluation. Participant [(n = 120): 86 females/34 males, aged 18-65 years] affective response (overall liking, attribute liking, emotional response, and snack choice) towards two commercially available tea break snacks (caramel slice and chocolate digestive biscuit) was assessed in three different consumption settings using a balanced crossover design. There were no significant differences for most affective ratings between data obtained from the HoloLens evoked café and real café (p ≥ 0.10), suggesting that mixed reality could provide an ecologically valid context for consumer research. However, response differences were observed between these two contexts and the sensory booths. For example, interested, joy, enthusiastic emotion terms were rated slightly higher in the evoked café in comparison to the booth context and slightly higher emotional engagement was observed for joy in the café compared to the booths (all p < .10). This study highlights key considerations for deciding where consumer testing should be conducted and the importance of using a combination of overall liking, attribute liking and emotional response to obtain data representative of real-world environments in consumer studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Y Q Low
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; Food Experience and Sensory Testing (Feast) Lab, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Charles Diako
- Food Experience and Sensory Testing (Feast) Lab, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Joanne Hort
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; Food Experience and Sensory Testing (Feast) Lab, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Giezenaar C, Hort J. A narrative review of the impact of digital immersive technology on affective and sensory responses during product testing in digital eating contexts. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110804. [PMID: 34863496 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The environments and/or contexts typically used to determine consumer affective and sensory responses have been questioned for their ecological validity. However, conducting consumer testing in real-life scenarios is costly, logistically complex, and hard to standardise between participants due to a lack of control over external cues and product preparation. Immersive environments, representative of product consumption contexts, may provide more ecologically valid data. Recently, digital immersion technologies have been proposed to contextualise consumer studies whilst maintaining experimental control. This narrative review summarised published consumer studies including digital immersion in addition to traditional sensory booths and/or a real-life immersive contexts in their study design, to measure the impact of these contexts on liking, emotional response and intensity of sensory attributes. The findings suggest that emotional response ratings are more comparable to real-life, and that consumer engagement and reliability increases, when testing is conducted using digital immersive techniques compared to traditional sensory booths. Therefore, digital immersive techniques look promising to improve ecological validity of consumer testing, but further development and research is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Giezenaar
- Food Experience and Sensory Testing (Feast) Lab, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Joanne Hort
- Food Experience and Sensory Testing (Feast) Lab, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Digital Integration and Automated Assessment of Eye-Tracking and Emotional Response Data Using the BioSensory App to Maximize Packaging Label Analysis. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21227641. [PMID: 34833713 PMCID: PMC8622979 DOI: 10.3390/s21227641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
New and emerging non-invasive digital tools, such as eye-tracking, facial expression and physiological biometrics, have been implemented to extract more objective sensory responses by panelists from packaging and, specifically, labels. However, integrating these technologies from different company providers and software for data acquisition and analysis makes their practical application difficult for research and the industry. This study proposed a prototype integration between eye tracking and emotional biometrics using the BioSensory computer application for three sample labels: Stevia, Potato chips, and Spaghetti. Multivariate data analyses are presented, showing the integrative analysis approach of the proposed prototype system. Further studies can be conducted with this system and integrating other biometrics available, such as physiological response with heart rate, blood, pressure, and temperature changes analyzed while focusing on different label components or packaging features. By maximizing data extraction from various components of packaging and labels, smart predictive systems can also be implemented, such as machine learning to assess liking and other parameters of interest from the whole package and specific components.
Collapse
|