1
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Liu PC, Ssu CT, Tsao YP, Liou TL, Tsai CY, Chou CT, Chen MH, Leu CM. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4-Ig (CTLA-4-Ig) suppresses Staphylococcus aureus-induced CD80, CD86, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in human B cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:64. [PMID: 32228715 PMCID: PMC7106629 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-2138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4-Ig (CTLA-4-Ig) competes with CD28 for binding CD80/CD86 on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to limit T cell activation. B cells are believed to be important APCs in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and express CD80/CD86 after activation; however, relatively little is known about the effect of CTLA-4-Ig on B cells. This study tested the impact of CTLA-4-Ig on human B cell responses. Methods Human blood B cells were purified from healthy donors and activated in the presence of CTLA-4-Ig or the L6-Ig control protein in vitro. RT-q-PCR and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect activation marker expression. ELISA was conducted to measure cytokine secretion. The CD80/CD86 levels on the surface of the memory B cells in the blood of 18 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were detected using immunofluorescence staining. Results CTLA-4-Ig suppressed the expression of Staphylococcus aureus (SAC)-induced CD80, CD86, TNFA, and IL6 in human B cells at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, CTLA-4-Ig concomitantly decreased SAC-induced CD80/CD86 surface expression on and TNF-α and IL-6 secretion from B cells. On the other hand, T cell-dependent (TD) stimulation-induced B cell activation, proliferation, plasma cell differentiation, and antibody secretion were not affected by CTLA-4-Ig. As expected, TD stimulation-induced surface CD80 was hindered by CTLA-4-Ig. Notably, a blockade of CD80/CD86 on the surface of the memory B cells was observed in the patients with RA after abatacept (CTLA-4-Ig) treatment. In a portion of the RA patients, restoration of CD80/CD86 staining on the surface of the memory B was detected starting in the 3rd month of abatacept treatment. Interestingly, the surface levels of CD80/CD86 on the patients’ memory B cells positively correlated with disease activity. Conclusions We found that CTLA-4-Ig directly suppressed SAC-induced B cell activation in vitro. Obstruction of CD80 and CD86 on the surface of the memory B cells was detected in the RA patients after abatacept treatment. Blocking CD80/CD86 on B cells by CTLA-4-Ig may hinder T cell activation and associated with the disease activity of RA in vivo. Our findings indicate that CTLA-4-Ig may regulate humoral responses by modulating B cell activation and interfering T cell-B cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chun Liu
- Institute of Microbiology & Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Taipei City, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Tai Ssu
- Institute of Microbiology & Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Taipei City, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Po Tsao
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ling Liou
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Youh Tsai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Tei Chou
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan. .,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Chuen-Miin Leu
- Institute of Microbiology & Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Taipei City, 11221, Taiwan. .,Infection and Immunity Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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2
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Chen Y, Yang M, Long D, Li Q, Zhao M, Wu H, Lu Q. Abnormal expression of BAFF and its receptors in peripheral blood and skin lesions from systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Autoimmunity 2020; 53:192-200. [PMID: 32157911 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2020.1736049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by abnormal T and B cells. B-cell activating factor (BAFF) has been suggested to play a crucial role in lupus by promoting the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of B cells. Increased serum levels of BAFF have been found in patients with lupus. However, the expression of BAFF and its receptors on immune cells and in skin has not been systematically reported before. Here, we report that SLE patients showed increased levels of BAFF on circulating CD3+ T cells and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) on CD14+ monocytes and dramatically increased expression of BAFF in lupus skin lesions compared with those of healthy controls. TACI was undetectable on circulating immune cells. An increased serum level of BAFF was also confirmed in lupus patients in this study. Our findings may provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis and predictors of BAFF antibody treatment response, as well as potential targets for skin therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Long
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianwen Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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3
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Boonyaratanakornkit J, Taylor JJ. Techniques to Study Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1694. [PMID: 31396218 PMCID: PMC6667631 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies against foreign antigens are a critical component of the overall immune response and can facilitate pathogen clearance during a primary infection and also protect against subsequent infections. Dysregulation of the antibody response can lead to an autoimmune disease, malignancy, or enhanced infection. Since the experimental delineation of a distinct B cell lineage in 1965, various methods have been developed to understand antigen-specific B cell responses in the context of autoimmune diseases, primary immunodeficiencies, infection, and vaccination. In this review, we summarize the established techniques and discuss new and emerging technologies for probing the B cell response in vitro and in vivo by taking advantage of the specificity of B cell receptor (BCR)-associated and secreted antibodies. These include ELISPOT, flow cytometry, mass cytometry, and fluorescence microscopy to identify and/or isolate primary antigen-specific B cells. We also present our approach to identify rare antigen-specific B cells using magnetic enrichment followed by flow cytometry. Once these cells are isolated, in vitro proliferation assays and adoptive transfer experiments in mice can be used to further characterize antigen-specific B cell activation, function, and fate. Transgenic mouse models of B cells targeting model antigens and of B cell signaling have also significantly advanced our understanding of antigen-specific B cell responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Boonyaratanakornkit
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Justin J Taylor
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
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4
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David T, Ling SF, Barton A. Genetics of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 193:3-12. [PMID: 29328507 PMCID: PMC6037997 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are characterized by dysregulation of the normal immune response, which leads to inflammation. Together, they account for a high disease burden in the population, given that they are usually chronic conditions with associated co-morbidities. Examples include systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and type 1 diabetes. Since the advent of genome-wide association studies, evidence of considerable genetic overlap in the loci predisposing to a wide range of IMIDs has emerged. Understanding the genetic risk and extent of genetic overlap between IMIDs may help to determine which genes control which aspects of the different diseases; it may identify potential novel therapeutic targets for a number of these conditions, and/or it may facilitate repurposing existing therapies developed originally for different conditions. The findings show that autoantibody-mediated autoimmune diseases cluster more closely with each other than autoantibody-negative diseases such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn's disease and ankylosing spondylitis which, instead, form a seronegative genetic cluster. The genetic clustering largely mirrors the known response to existing biological therapies, but apparent anomalies in treatment response are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T David
- Department of Rheumatology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - S F Ling
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | - A Barton
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester BRC, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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5
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Simoni L, Delgado V, Ruer-Laventie J, Bouis D, Soley A, Heyer V, Robert I, Gies V, Martin T, Korganow AS, Reina-San-Martin B, Soulas-Sprauel P. Trib1 Is Overexpressed in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, While It Regulates Immunoglobulin Production in Murine B Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:373. [PMID: 29599769 PMCID: PMC5862796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe and heterogeneous autoimmune disease
with a complex genetic etiology, characterized by the production of various
pathogenic autoantibodies, which participate in end-organ damages. The majority of
human SLE occurs in adults as a polygenic disease, and clinical flares interspersed
with silent phases of various lengths characterize the usual evolution of the disease
in time. Trying to understand the mechanism of the different phenotypic traits of the
disease, and considering the central role of B cells in SLE, we previously performed
a detailed wide analysis of gene expression variation in B cells from quiescent SLE
patients. This analysis pointed out an overexpression of TRIB1.
TRIB1 is a pseudokinase that has been implicated in the development of leukemia and
also metabolic disorders. It is hypothesized that Trib1 plays an adapter or scaffold
function in signaling pathways, notably in MAPK pathways. Therefore, we planned to
understand the functional significance of TRIB1 overexpression in B
cells in SLE. We produced a new knock-in model with B-cell-specific overexpression of
Trib1. We showed that overexpression of Trib1
specifically in B cells does not impact B cell development nor induce any development
of SLE symptoms in the mice. By contrast, Trib1 has a negative regulatory function on
the production of immunoglobulins, notably IgG1, but also on the production of
autoantibodies in an induced model. We observed a decrease of Erk activation in
BCR-stimulated Trib1 overexpressing B cells. Finally, we searched
for Trib1 partners in B cells by proteomic analysis in order to explore the
regulatory function of Trib1 in B cells. Interestingly, we find an interaction
between Trib1 and CD72, a negative regulator of B cells whose deficiency in mice
leads to the development of autoimmunity. In conclusion, the overexpression of
Trib1 could be one of the molecular pathways implicated in the
negative regulation of B cells during SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Simoni
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France
| | - Virginia Delgado
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Ruer-Laventie
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France
| | - Delphine Bouis
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Soley
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France.,UFR Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Heyer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle Robert
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Vincent Gies
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France.,UFR Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Martin
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France.,UFR Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Korganow
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France.,UFR Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernardo Reina-San-Martin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Pauline Soulas-Sprauel
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France.,UFR Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,UFR Sciences pharmaceutiques, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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6
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Liao J, Chang C, Wu H, Lu Q. Cell-based therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14:43-8. [PMID: 25308529 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a female predominant autoimmune disease characterized by multi-organ disorders. The pathogenesis of SLE is complex. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs are widely used to treat patients with SLE. However, these indiscriminate suppressors of the immune-mediated inflammatory aberration treat SLE at the cost of considerable adverse effects. Undoubtedly, there is a need for safer and more effective treatments for SLE. Cell-based therapies, although very much in their infancy, are of increasing interest in the treatment of SLE due to their potential for long-term suppression or a possible cure of the disease. Several immunoregulatory cell types, including regulatory T cells, mesenchymal stem cells, B-cells and natural killer cells, have recently been developed as novel products for tolerance-promoting therapies. Here, we provide a brief overview of current research of new cell-based therapeutic approaches that have undergone pre-clinical or clinical trials in the treatment of SLE.
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7
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Lyubchenko T, Zerbe GO. B cell receptor signaling-based index as a biomarker for the loss of peripheral immune tolerance in autoreactive B cells in rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102128. [PMID: 25057856 PMCID: PMC4109936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the loss of peripherally induced B cell immune tolerance in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and establishes a novel signaling-based measure of activation in a subset of autoreactive B cells - the Induced tolerance status index (ITSI). Naturally occurring naïve autoreactive B cells can escape the “classical” tolerogenic mechanisms of clonal deletion and receptor editing, but remain peripherally tolerized through B cell receptor (BCR) signaling inhibition (postdevelopmental “receptor tuning” or anergy). ITSI is a statistical index that numerically determines the level of homology between activation patterns of BCR signaling intermediaries in B cells that are either tolerized or activated by auto antigen exposure, and thus quantifies the level of peripheral immune tolerance. The index is based on the logistic regression analysis of phosphorylation levels in a panel of BCR signaling proteins. Our results demonstrate a new approach to identifying autoreactive B cells based on their BCR signaling features.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Autoantigens/genetics
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Autoimmunity
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Clonal Anergy/genetics
- Clonal Deletion/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Logistic Models
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Peripheral Tolerance/genetics
- Phosphorylation
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Severity of Illness Index
- Signal Transduction/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras Lyubchenko
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gary O. Zerbe
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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8
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Taylor JJ, Martinez RJ, Titcombe PJ, Barsness LO, Thomas SR, Zhang N, Katzman SD, Jenkins MK, Mueller DL. Deletion and anergy of polyclonal B cells specific for ubiquitous membrane-bound self-antigen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:2065-77. [PMID: 23071255 PMCID: PMC3478923 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20112272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Both deletion and anergy shape B cell tolerance to membrane-bound antigens. B cell tolerance to self-antigen is critical to preventing antibody-mediated autoimmunity. Previous work using B cell antigen receptor transgenic animals suggested that self-antigen–specific B cells are either deleted from the repertoire, enter a state of diminished function termed anergy, or are ignorant to the presence of self-antigen. These mechanisms have not been assessed in a normal polyclonal repertoire because of an inability to detect rare antigen-specific B cells. Using a novel detection and enrichment strategy to assess polyclonal self-antigen–specific B cells, we find no evidence of deletion or anergy of cells specific for antigen not bound to membrane, and tolerance to these types of antigens appears to be largely maintained by the absence of T cell help. In contrast, a combination of deleting cells expressing receptors with high affinity for antigen with anergy of the undeleted lower affinity cells maintains tolerance to ubiquitous membrane-bound self-antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Taylor
- Department of Medicine and 2 Department of Microbiology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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9
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Liubchenko GA, Appleberry HC, Striebich CC, Franklin KE, Derber LA, Holers VM, Lyubchenko T. Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with signaling alterations in naturally occurring autoreactive B-lymphocytes. J Autoimmun 2012; 40:111-21. [PMID: 23058039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Immune tolerance established during the development of B lymphocytes can be subverted in mature cells and lead to autoimmunity. This study focuses on the recently discovered subset of CD19(+)CD27(-)IgD(+)IgM(low/-) B cells that recognize self-antigens and have the capacity to produce autoantibodies, but under normal conditions do not generate autoimmune response due to intrinsic signaling inhibition (a condition known as clonal anergy and characterized by impaired antigen receptor signaling). Phosphorylation of intracellular signaling proteins and Ca(2+) responses in anergic B cells were measured by multicolor flow cytometry. Our results demonstrate a distinct phosphorylation pattern for major signal transduction proteins, which distinguishes anergic B cells. Comparison of B cell signaling properties in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients and healthy controls revealed a reversal of pTyr and Ca(2+) anergic signaling features in patients, accompanied by phosphorylation decreases of Blnk, Syk, SHP2, CD19. We identified BCR signaling pathway alterations associated with the loss of anergic B cell tolerance in Rheumatoid Arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna A Liubchenko
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, USA
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10
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Gatto M, Zen M, Ghirardello A, Bettio S, Bassi N, Iaccarino L, Punzi L, Doria A. Emerging and critical issues in the pathogenesis of lupus. Autoimmun Rev 2012; 12:523-36. [PMID: 23000207 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystemic, autoimmune disease, encompassing either mild or severe manifestations. SLE was originally labeled as being an immune complex-mediated disease, but further knowledge suggested its pathogenesis is motlier than that, involving complex interactions between predisposed individuals and their environment. People affected with SLE have their immune system skewed toward aberrant self-recognition usually after encountering a triggering agent. Defeats in early and late immune checkpoints contribute to tolerance breakdown and further generation and expansion of autoreactive cell-clones. B and T cells play a master role in SLE, however clues are emerging about other cell types and new light is being shed on SLE autoantibodies, since some of them display really harmful potential (pathogenic antibodies), while others are just connected with disease development (pathological antibodies) and may even be protective. Autoantibody generation is elicited by abnormal apoptosis and inefficient clearance of cellular debris causing intracellular autoantigens (e.g. nucleosomes) to persist in the extracellular environment, being further recognized by autoreactive cells. Here we explore the complexity of SLE pathogenesis through five core issues, i.e. genetic predisposition, B and T cell abnormalities, abnormal autoantigen availability, autoantibody generation and organ damage, relying on current knowledge and recent insights into SLE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariele Gatto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
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11
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Moshkani S, Kuzin II, Adewale F, Jansson J, Sanz I, Schwarz EM, Bottaro A. CD23+ CD21(high) CD1d(high) B cells in inflamed lymph nodes are a locally differentiated population with increased antigen capture and activation potential. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:5944-53. [PMID: 22593620 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CD23(+)CD21(high)CD1d(high) B cells in inflamed nodes (Bin cells) accumulate in the lymph nodes (LNs) draining inflamed joints of the TNF-α-transgenic mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis and are primarily involved in the significant histological and functional LN alterations that accompany disease exacerbation in this strain. In this study, we investigate the origin and function of Bin cells. We show that adoptively transferred GFP(+) sorted mature follicular B (FoB) cells home preferentially to inflamed LNs of TNF-α-transgenic mice where they rapidly differentiate into Bin cells, with a close correlation with the endogenous Bin fraction. Bin cells are also induced in wild-type LNs after immunization with T-dependent Ags and display a germinal center phenotype at higher rates compared with FoB cells. Furthermore, we show that Bin cells can capture and process Ag-immune complexes in a CD21-dependent manner more efficiently than can FoB cells, and they express greater levels of MHC class II and costimulatory Ags CD80 and CD86. We propose that Bin cells are a previously unrecognized inflammation-induced B cell population with increased Ag capture and activation potential, which may facilitate normal immune responses but may contribute to autoimmunity when chronic inflammation causes their accumulation and persistence in affected LNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiehkhatoon Moshkani
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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12
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Suh CH. B Cell Targeted Therapy in Rheumatic Disease. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2012. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2012.19.2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hee Suh
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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13
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Wang QT, Ma YK, Huang B, Liu DD, Wei W. Effect of rhTACI-Ig fusion protein on antigen-specific T cell responses from keyhole limpet haemocyanin challenged mice. Mol Immunol 2011; 49:380-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Resistance to exogenous TGF-β effects in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Immunol 2011; 31:574-83. [PMID: 21503670 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-011-9531-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying the loss of self-tolerance in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are incompletely deciphered. TGF-β plays a key role in self-tolerance demonstrated by the onset of a fatal autoimmune syndrome associated with lupus autoantibodies in mice lacking a functional TGF-β receptor. The present work aims to define whether resistance to TGF-β might contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE. METHODS Twenty-two patients with active SLE, 16 with other connective tissue diseases, and 10 healthy controls were prospectively included in this study. The effects of exogenous TGF-β1 on IL-2-dependent T-cell proliferation, IFN-γ secretion, and target gene transcription were analyzed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS Our results showed that 75% of patients with SLE or other connective tissue diseases were totally or partially resistant to the effects of TGF-β1. The responses to the anti-proliferative and transcriptional effects of TGF-β were, however, discordant in a high proportion of our patients. Hence, we distinguish three distinct profiles of resistance to TGF-β1 and suggest that patients may exhibit different defects affecting distinct points of TGF-β1 signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate the presence of an impaired response of peripheral cells to TGF-β1 in patients with active SLE that may participate to the pathogenesis of the disease. Further studies will be necessary to delineate the mechanisms underlying the lymphocyte resistance to TGF-β1 in SLE.
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Traczewski P, Rudnicka L. Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with epratuzumab. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 71:175-82. [PMID: 21219397 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03767.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterized by abnormalities in the activity of B-cells and T-cells. A novel specific treatment for autoimmune diseases is B-cell depletion with monoclonal antibodies. Epratuzumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets CD22 antigen on B-cells. Initial phase II and two terminated early phase III studies suggest that treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with this immunomodulatory agent is effective, well tolerated and significantly improves the patient's quality of life. In vitro studies and clinical trials with non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients indicate epratuzumab can potentially serve as a complementary drug in combination therapy with another inhibitor of B-cell activity, rituximab, which is a monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody.
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16
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Shapira E, Proscura E, Brodsky B, Wormser U. Novel peptides as potential treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2011; 20:463-72. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203310389484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a loss of immunologic tolerance, production of auto-antibodies, and inflammatory damage in multiple organs. We have tested the effect of anti-inflammatory peptide, a H2A histone fragment, termed IIIM1, on MRL/lpr mice, animal model of SLE. Oral administration of IIIM1 at early stage of disease caused reduction in proteinuria and serum anti-dsDNA antibodies. Starting the treatment at advanced stage of disease resulted in prolonged animal survival, decreased lymphadenosis and reduced levels of pathogenic or abnormal double negative CD4−CD8− cells and B220+ cells in lymph nodes and spleen. We discovered that IIIM1 induces the production of an additional peptide, a fragment of alpha-1-antitrypsin, termed UBE. A relatively low dose (1 µg/kg) of UBE reduced proteinuria and hematuria in MRL/lpr mice. The beneficial effect of the peptide was corroborated by histological examination. Furthermore a significant reduction in serum IL17, IL12 and anti dsDNA antibodies was observed in the UBE-treated mice. Isolated CD4 cells incubated with the peptide showed a similar cytokine profile. Decreased levels of double negative CD4−CD8− and B220+ cells were determined in lymph organs of UBE-treated animals. The beneficial effects of both UBE and IIIM1 suggest these peptides as potential drugs for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Shapira
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - E Proscura
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - B Brodsky
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - U Wormser
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Nickerson-Nutter C, Tchistiakova L, Seth NP, Kasaian M, Sibley B, Olland S, Zollner R, Brady WA, Mohler KM, Baum P, Wahl A, Herber D, Vugmeyster Y, Wensel D, Wolfman NM, Gill D, Collins M, Dunussi-Joannopoulos K. Distinct in vitro binding properties of the anti-CD20 small modular immunopharmaceutical 2LM20-4 result in profound and sustained in vivo potency in cynomolgus monkeys. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 50:1033-44. [PMID: 21258049 PMCID: PMC3093928 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. To characterize the in vitro binding and effector function properties of CD20-directed small modular immunopharmaceutical (SMIP) 2LM20-4, and to compare its in vivo B-cell depletion activity with the mutated 2LM20-4 P331S [no in vitro complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC)] and rituximab in cynomolgus monkeys. Methods. Direct binding is examined in flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, scatchard and lipid raft assays. Effector function assays include CDC and Fc-mediated cellular toxicity. In the 6-month-long in vivo B-cell depletion study, single i.v. dosages of 1 or 10 mg/kg of anti-CD20 proteins were administered to monkeys and B-cell counts were monitored in peripheral blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes. Results. 2LM20-4 has lower saturation binding to human primary B cells and recruits fewer CD20 molecules into lipid rafts compared with rituximab; however, it induces higher in vitro CDC. In competitive binding, 2LM20-4 only partially displaces rituximab, suggesting that it binds to a fraction of CD20 molecules within certain locations of the plasma membrane as compared with rituximab. In monkeys, 2LM20-4 had more sustained B-cell depletion activity than rituximab in peripheral blood and had significantly more profound and sustained activity than 2LM20-4 P331S and rituximab in the lymph nodes. Conclusions. SMIP 2LM20-4, which binds to a fraction of CD20 molecules as compared with rituximab, has more potent in vitro CDC, and more potent and sustained B-cell depletion activity in cynomolgus monkeys. Our work has considerable clinical relevance since it provides novel insights related to the emerging B-cell depletion therapies in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Nickerson-Nutter
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Biotherapeutics Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
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18
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Wu Y, Tong T, Zhao W, Li P, Huang M, Wang W, Fang J, Wei W. Therapeutic effects of TACI-Ig on collagen-induced arthritis by regulating T and B lymphocytes function in DBA/1 mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 654:304-14. [PMID: 21244850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Revised: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the abnormal function of T and B lymphocytes involved in collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice and the regulation role of TACI-Ig on T and B lymphocytes, collagen-induced arthritis models were established in DBA/1 mice. Mice were divided randomly into eight groups, including normal, collagen-induced arthritis model, TACI-Ig (0.350, 1.105, 3.333, 10, and 30 mg/kg) and IgG-Fc (10mg/kg) treated groups. The effect of TACI-Ig on collagen-induced arthritis was evaluated by arthritis scores, joints and spleens histopathology, paws radiology, and indices of thymus and spleen. T and B lymphocyte proliferations were assayed by [(3)H]-TdR method. B lymphocyte stimulator and prostaglandin E(2) in serum were assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The subsets of T and B lymphocytes were assayed by flow cytometry. Results showed that the onset of paw-swelling was on day 31 after immunization. The peak of inflammation appeared on day 42 and then declined after day 63. Compared with normal mice, collagen-induced arthritis mice have increased arthritis scores, spleen and thymus indices, radiograph scores of joints, and pathology scores of joints and spleens. TACI-Ig could ameliorate these changes and reduce the increased serum level of B lymphocyte stimulator and prostaglandin E(2). Further studies showed that TACI-Ig inhibited T and B lymphocyte proliferation response, and inhibited differentiation and activity of T and B lymphocytes in collagen-induced arthritis mice. In conclusion, TACI-Ig has a good therapeutic action on collagen-induced arthritis mice, which might be related to the regulation of TACI-Ig on inflammation mediators and abnormal function of T and B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Education Ministry of China, 230032 Hefei, PR China
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19
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Li J, Kuzin I, Moshkani S, Proulx ST, Xing L, Skrombolas D, Dunn R, Sanz I, Schwarz EM, Bottaro A. Expanded CD23(+)/CD21(hi) B cells in inflamed lymph nodes are associated with the onset of inflammatory-erosive arthritis in TNF-transgenic mice and are targets of anti-CD20 therapy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:6142-50. [PMID: 20435928 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Anti-CD20 B cell depletion therapy (BCDT) is very effective for some patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however the pathogenic role of B lymphocytes in RA and the primary targets of BCDT are unknown. The human TNF transgenic (hTNF-Tg) mouse model of RA displays a chronic, progressive disease that spreads from distal to proximal joints and is generally considered to be adaptive immune system independent. We have previously reported that knee arthritis in hTNF-Tg mice is accompanied by structural and functional changes of the adjoining popliteal lymph node (PLN), detectable by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. To better understand these changes, in this paper we show that onset of knee synovitis and focal erosions are paralleled by PLN contraction and accumulation of large numbers of B cells in the lymphatic sinus spaces within the node. Flow cytometry from TNF-Tg mice 2, 4-5, and 8-12 mo old demonstrated that B cell accumulation in the PLN follows ankle arthritis, but commences before knee disease, and involves early expansion of CD21(hi), CD23(+), IgM(hi), CD1d(+), activation marker-negative, polyclonal B cells that are found to be specifically restricted to lymph nodes draining inflamed, arthritic joints. The same B cell population also accumulates in PLNs of K/BxN mice with autoantigen-dependent arthritis. Strikingly, we show that BCDT ameliorates hTNF-Tg disease and clears follicular and CD21(hi), CD23(+) B cells from the PLNs. On the basis of these findings, we propose a model whereby B cells contribute to arthritis in mice, and possibly RA, by directly affecting the structure, composition, and function of joint-draining lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 19642, USA
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Monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins and their complications: targeting B cells in autoimmune diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:814-20. [PMID: 20371395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The immune system consists of a complex array of immunocompetent cells and inflammatory mediators that exist in complex networks. These components interact through cascades and feedback circuits, maintaining physiologic inflammation and immunosurveillance. In various autoimmune conditions, a foreign or auto-antigen may upset this fine balance, leading to dysregulated immunity, persistent inflammation, and ultimately pathologic sequelae. In recent years, there has been tremendous progress delineating the specific components of the immune system that contribute to normal immunity and specific disease states. With this greater understanding of pathogenesis coupled with advances in biotechnology, many immunomodulatory agents, commonly called biologic agents, have been introduced. The 2 most common classes of biologic agents are monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins. These agents can inhibit targets with exquisite specificity to optimize outcomes and minimize toxicity. B cells contribute significantly to the initiation and perpetuation of the immune responses. B cells not only can produce potentially pathologic autoantibodies and proinflammatory cytokines but also can present antigens to T cells and provide costimulatory signals essential for T-cell activation, clonal expansion, and effector function. This review focuses on biologic agents targeting B cells in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
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O'Daly JA, Gleason JP, Peña G, Colorado I. Purified proteins from Leishmania amastigotes-induced delayed type hypersensitivity reactions and remission of collagen-induced arthritis in animal models. Arch Dermatol Res 2010; 302:567-81. [PMID: 20063004 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-009-1026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A treatment preparation composed of purified Leishmania (L) antigenic fractions (AS210) induced linear delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions over a 1-40 microg dose range, in guinea pigs. When a DBA-1 mouse collagen induced arthritis (CIA) model was used to compare AS210 treatment against: a polyvalent vaccine (AS110-1), a monovalent vaccine (AS110-2) and placebo, the AS210 treated mice had the least amount of forepaw inflammation and the lowest mean arthritis scores (MAS). When MAS for day(s) 1-40 were analyzed using one way ANOVA, statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences were seen for the following study groups: PBS versus Dexamethasone and PBS versus AS210. Subsequently, the ANOVA analysis results were corroborated by the Mann-Whitney test: analysis of the first group (P < 0.001) and analysis of the second group (P < 0.001). Comparison between dexamethasone and AS210 at different time intervals by Mann-Whitney test were as follows: day 0-day 5 both treatments had equal values (P = 1.00), from day-7 to 20 AS210 treatment had lower MAS values than dexamethasone (P = 0.037), and from day-21 to 30, AS210 MAS were similar to dexamethasone values (P = 0.319). No statistical difference was observed between AS110-1, AS110-2, and placebo groups.
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Néron S, Boire G, Dussault N, Racine C, de Brum-Fernandes AJ, Côté S, Jacques A. CD40-activated B cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus can be modulated by therapeutic immunoglobulins in vitro. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2009; 57:447-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-009-0048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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