1
|
Fazel-Najafabadi M, Looger LL, Rallabandi HR, Nath SK. A Multilayered Post-Genome-Wide Association Study Analysis Pipeline Defines Functional Variants and Target Genes for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2024; 76:1071-1084. [PMID: 38369936 PMCID: PMC11213670 DOI: 10.1002/art.42829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease with incompletely understood etiology, has a strong genetic component. Although genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed multiple SLE susceptibility loci and associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the precise causal variants, target genes, cell types, tissues, and mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. METHODS Here, we report a comprehensive post-GWAS analysis using extensive bioinformatics, molecular modeling, and integrative functional genomic and epigenomic analyses to optimize fine-mapping. We compile and cross-reference immune cell-specific expression quantitative trait loci (cis- and trans-expression quantitative trait loci) with promoter capture high-throughput capture chromatin conformation (PCHi-C), allele-specific chromatin accessibility, and massively parallel reporter assay data to define predisposing variants and target genes. We experimentally validate a predicted locus using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot. RESULTS Anchoring on 452 index SNPs, we selected 9,931 high linkage disequilibrium (r2 > 0.8) SNPs and defined 182 independent non-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) SLE loci. The 3,746 SNPs from 143 loci were identified as regulating 564 unique genes. Target genes are enriched in lupus-related tissues and associated with other autoimmune diseases. Of these, 329 SNPs (106 loci) showed significant allele-specific chromatin accessibility and/or enhancer activity, indicating regulatory potential. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we validated reference SNP identifier 57668933 (rs57668933) as a functional variant regulating multiple targets, including SLE-risk gene ELF1 in B cells. CONCLUSION We demonstrate and validate post-GWAS strategies for using multidimensional data to prioritize likely causal variants with cognate gene targets underlying SLE pathogenesis. Our results provide a catalog of significantly SLE-associated SNPs and loci, target genes, and likely biochemical mechanisms to guide experimental characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Fazel-Najafabadi
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Loren L. Looger
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92121, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92121, USA
| | - Harikrishna Reddy Rallabandi
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Swapan K. Nath
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fazel-Najafabadi M, Looger LL, Reddy-Rallabandi H, Nath SK. A multilayered post-GWAS analysis pipeline defines functional variants and target genes for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.07.23288295. [PMID: 37066327 PMCID: PMC10104240 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.07.23288295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease with incompletely understood etiology, has a strong genetic component. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed multiple SLE susceptibility loci and associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the precise causal variants, target genes, cell types, tissues, and mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Methods Here, we report a comprehensive post-GWAS analysis using extensive bioinformatics, molecular modeling, and integrative functional genomic and epigenomic analyses to optimize fine-mapping. We compile and cross-reference immune cell-specific expression quantitative trait loci ( cis - and trans -eQTLs) with promoter-capture Hi-C, allele-specific chromatin accessibility, and massively parallel reporter assay data to define predisposing variants and target genes. We experimentally validate a predicted locus using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, qPCR, and Western blot. Results Anchoring on 452 index SNPs, we selected 9,931 high-linkage disequilibrium (r 2 >0.8) SNPs and defined 182 independent non-HLA SLE loci. 3,746 SNPs from 143 loci were identified as regulating 564 unique genes. Target genes are enriched in lupus-related tissues and associated with other autoimmune diseases. Of these, 329 SNPs (106 loci) showed significant allele-specific chromatin accessibility and/or enhancer activity, indicating regulatory potential. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we validated rs57668933 as a functional variant regulating multiple targets, including SLE risk gene ELF1 , in B-cells. Conclusion We demonstrate and validate post-GWAS strategies for utilizing multi-dimensional data to prioritize likely causal variants with cognate gene targets underlying SLE pathogenesis. Our results provide a catalog of significantly SLE-associated SNPs and loci, target genes, and likely biochemical mechanisms, to guide experimental characterization.
Collapse
|
3
|
Li D, Liu W, Sun S, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Feng G, Wei J, Chai L. Chinese herbal formula, modified Xianfang Huoming Yin, alleviates the inflammatory proliferation of rat synoviocytes induced by IL-1β through regulating the migration and differentiation of T lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116297. [PMID: 36849102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xianfang Huoming Yin (XFH) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula, which has the effect of clearing heat and detoxifying toxins, dispersing swellings, activating blood circulation, and relieving pain. It is usually applied to treat various autoimmune diseases, including Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). AIM OF THE STUDY The migration of T lymphocytes plays an indispensable role in the pathogenesis of RA. Our previous studies demonstrated that modified Xianfang Huoming Yin (XFHM) could modulate the differentiation of T, B, and NK cells, and contribute to the restoration of immunologic balance. It also could downregulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by regulating the activation of NF-κ B and JAK/STAT signaling pathways in the collagen-induced arthritis mouse model. In this study, we want to investigate whether XFHM has therapeutic effects on the inflammatory proliferation of rat fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLSs) by interfering with the migration of T lymphocytes in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS High performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometer system was used to identify the constituents of the XFHM formula. A co-culture system of rat fibroblast-like synovial cells (RSC-364 cells) and peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) was used as the cell model. IL-1β inhibitor (IL-1βRA) was used as a positive control medicine, and two concentrations (100 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL) of freeze-dried XFHM powder were used as intervention measure. The lymphocyte migration levels were analyzed by the Real-time xCELLigence analysis system after 24 h and 48 h of treatment. The percentage of CD3+CD4+ T cells and CD3+CD8+ T cells, and the apoptosis rate of FLSs were detected by flow cytometry. The morphology of RSC-364 cells was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The protein expression of key factors for T cell differentiation and NF-κ B signaling pathway-related proteins in RSC-364 cells were examined by western-blot analysis. The migration-related cytokines levels of P-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 in the supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Twenty-one different components in XFHM were identified. The migration CI index of T cells was significantly decreased in treatment with XFHM. XFHM also could significantly downregulate the levels r of CD3+CD4+T cells and CD3+CD8+T cells that migrated to the FLSs layer. Further study found that XFHM suppresses the production of P-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1. Meanwhile, it downregulated the protein levels of T-bet, ROR γ t, IKKα/β, TRAF2, and NF-κ B p50, upregulated the expression of GATA-3 and alleviated synovial cells inflammation proliferation, contributing to the FLSs apoptosis. CONCLUSION XFHM could attenuate the inflammation of synovium by inhibiting T lymphocyte cell migration, regulating differentiation of T cells through modulating the activation of the NF-κ B signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Song Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingkai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pingxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guiyu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Limin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meng Y, Xu Y, Liu J, Qin X. Early warning signs of thyroid autoantibodies seroconversion: A retrospective cohort study. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 545:117365. [PMID: 37105454 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg) levels are key indicators for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases, especially autoimmune thyroiditis. Before the thyroid autoantibodies turn from negative to positive, it is unknown whether any clinical indicators in the body play a warning role. PURPOSE To establish an early prediction model of seroconversion to positive thyroid autoantibodies. METHODS This retrospective cohort study collected information based on clinical laboratory data. A logistic regression model was used to analyse the risk factors associated with a change in thyroid autoantibodies to an abnormal status. A machine-learning approach was employed to establish an early warning model, and a nomogram was used for model performance assessment and visualisation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analyses were used for internal and external validation. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis revealed that albumin to globulin ratio, triglyceride levels, and Glutamic acid levels among liver function and some metabolism-related indicators, high density lipoprotein C among metabolism-related indicators, and cystatin C among renal function indicators were all risk factors for thyroid antibody conversion (P<0.05). In addition, several indicators in the blood count correlated with thyroid conversion (P<0.05). Changes in the ratio of free thyroxine to free triiodothyronine were a risk factor for positive thyroid antibody conversion (ORfT4/fT3=1.763; 95% confidence interval 1.554-2.000). The area under the curve (AUC) of the early warning model based on the positive impact of clinical laboratory indicators, age, and sex was 0.85, which was validated by both internal (AUC 0.8515) and external (AUC 0.8378) validation. CONCLUSIONS The early warning model of anti-TPO and anti-Tg conversion combined with some clinical laboratory indicators in routine physical examination has a stable warning efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaozheng Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosong Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang M, Ren H, Li K, Xie S, Zhang R, Zhang L, Xia J, Chen X, Li X, Wang J. Therapeutic effect of various ginsenosides on rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:149. [PMID: 34034706 PMCID: PMC8145820 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease which causes disability and threatens the health of humans. Therefore, it is of great significance to seek novel effective drugs for RA. It has been reported that various ginsenoside monomers are able to treat RA. However, it is still unclear which ginsenoside is the most effective and has the potential to be developed into an anti-RA drug. Methods The ginsenosides, including Rg1, Rg3, Rg5, Rb1, Rh2 and CK, were evaluated and compared for their therapeutic effect on RA. In in vitro cell studies, methotrexate (MTX) and 0.05% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was set as a positive control group and a negative control group, respectively. LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells and TNF-α-induced HUVEC cells were cultured with MTX, DMSO and six ginsenosides, respectively. Cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay and cell apoptosis was carried out by flow cytometry. CIA mice model was developed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of ginsenosides. The analysis of histology, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and cytokine detections of the joint tissues were performed to elucidate the action mechanisms of ginsenosides. Results All six ginsenosides showed good therapeutic effect on acute arthritis compared with the negative control group, Ginsenoside CK provided the most effective treatment ability. It could significantly inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of RAW 264.7 and HUVEC cells, and substantially reduce the swelling, redness, functional impairment of joints and the pathological changes of CIA mice. Meanwhile, CK could increase CD8 + T cell to down-regulate the immune response, decrease the number of activated CD4 + T cell and proinflammatory M1-macrophages, thus resulting in the inhibition of the secretion of proinflammatory cytokine such as TNF-α and IL-6. Conclusion Ginsenoside CK was proved to be a most potential candidate among the tested ginsenosides for the treatment of RA, with a strong anti-inflammation and immune modulating capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hongwei Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kun Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Shengsheng Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Longlong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiaxuan Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xilin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu B, Qiu J, Zhao TV, Wang Y, Maeda T, Goronzy IN, Akiyama M, Ohtsuki S, Jin K, Tian L, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Succinyl-CoA Ligase Deficiency in Pro-inflammatory and Tissue-Invasive T Cells. Cell Metab 2020; 32:967-980.e5. [PMID: 33264602 PMCID: PMC7755381 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune T cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a defect in mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP production. Here, we identified suppression of the GDP-forming β subunit of succinate-CoA ligase (SUCLG2) as an underlying abnormality. SUCLG2-deficient T cells reverted the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle from the oxidative to the reductive direction, accumulated α-ketoglutarate, citrate, and acetyl-CoA (AcCoA), and differentiated into pro-inflammatory effector cells. In AcCoAhi RA T cells, tubulin acetylation stabilized the microtubule cytoskeleton and positioned mitochondria in a perinuclear location, resulting in cellular polarization, uropod formation, T cell migration, and tissue invasion. In the tissue, SUCLG2-deficient T cells functioned as cytokine-producing effector cells and were hyperinflammatory, a defect correctable by replenishing the enzyme. Preventing T cell tubulin acetylation by tubulin acetyltransferase knockdown was sufficient to inhibit synovitis. These data link mitochondrial failure and AcCoA oversupply to autoimmune tissue inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jingtao Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tuantuan V Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Toshihisa Maeda
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Mitsuhiro Akiyama
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shozo Ohtsuki
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ke Jin
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arlotta KJ, San BH, Mu HH, Yu SM, Owen SC. Localization of Therapeutic Fab-CHP Conjugates to Sites of Denatured Collagen for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1960-1970. [PMID: 32609496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation in synovial joints and protease-induced cartilage degradation. Current biologic treatments for RA can effectively reduce symptoms, primarily by neutralizing the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα; however, continued, indiscriminate overinhibition of inflammatory factors can significantly weaken the host immune system, leading to opportunistic infections and interrupting treatment. We hypothesize that localizing anti-TNFα therapeutics to denatured collagen (dCol) present at arthritic joints, via conjugation with collagen-hybridizing peptides (CHPs), will reduce off-site antigen binding and maintain local immunosuppression. We isolated the antigen-binding fragment of the clinically approved anti-TNFα therapeutic infliximab (iFab) and prepared iFab-CHP conjugates via lysine-based conjugation with an SMCC linker. After successful conjugation, confirmed by LC-MS, the binding affinity of iFab-CHP was characterized by ELISA-like assays, which showed comparable antigen binding relative to infliximab, comparable dCol binding relative to CHP, and the hybrid ability to bind both dCol and TNFα simultaneously. We further demonstrated localization of Fab-CHP to areas of high dCol in vivo and promising therapeutic efficacy, assessed by histological staining (Safranin-O and H&E), in a pilot mouse study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith J Arlotta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Boi Hoa San
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Hong-Hua Mu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, United States
| | - S Michael Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shawn C Owen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li S, Wang H, Wu H, Chang X. Therapeutic Effect of Exogenous Regulatory T Cells on Collagen-induced Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cell Transplant 2020; 29:963689720954134. [PMID: 32990025 PMCID: PMC7784507 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720954134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells have anti-inflammatory functions and heighten immune tolerance. The proportion and functions of Treg cells are perturbed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), contributing to the excessive immune activation associated with this disease. We therefore hypothesized that supplementation with foreign Treg cells could be used to treat RA. To investigate the therapeutic effects of exogenous Treg cells on RA and its mechanism, we used human Treg cells to treat collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in a rat model to observe whether exogenous Treg cells can treat the disease across species. Successful treatment would indicate that Treg cell transplantation in humans is more likely to affect RA. In the present study, human Treg cells were collected from healthy human peripheral blood and culture-expanded in vitro. Induced human Treg cells were injected into CIA rats via the tail vein. The rats' lymphocyte subtypes, cytokines, and Th1/Th2 ratios were measured using flow cytometry. In the rats, following injection of the human Treg cells, the severity of CIA was significantly reduced (P < 0.01), the proportion of endogenous Treg cells increased in the peripheral blood and spleen (P = 0.007 and P < 0.01, respectively), and the proportion of B cells decreased (P = 0.031). The IL-5 level, IL-6 level, and Th1/Th2 ratio in the peripheral blood were decreased (P = 0.013, 0.009, and 0.012, respectively). The culture-expanded human Treg cells were also cultured with synovial fibroblast cells from RA patients (RASFs). After coculture with Treg cells, RASFs showed reduced proliferation (P < 0.01) and increased apoptosis (P = 0.037). These results suggest that exogenous and induced Treg cells can produce a therapeutic effect in RA and CIA by increasing endogenous Treg cells and RASF apoptosis and reducing B cells, the Th1/Th2 ratio, and secretion levels of IL-5 and IL-6. Treg cell transplantation could serve as a therapy for RA that does not cause immune rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Li
- Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- Medical School of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, PR China
| | - Hongxing Wang
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Hui Wu
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaotian Chang
- Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fonseka CY, Rao DA, Teslovich NC, Korsunsky I, Hannes SK, Slowikowski K, Gurish MF, Donlin LT, Lederer JA, Weinblatt ME, Massarotti EM, Coblyn JS, Helfgott SM, Todd DJ, Bykerk VP, Karlson EW, Ermann J, Lee YC, Brenner MB, Raychaudhuri S. Mixed-effects association of single cells identifies an expanded effector CD4 + T cell subset in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/463/eaaq0305. [PMID: 30333237 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaq0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
High-dimensional single-cell analyses have improved the ability to resolve complex mixtures of cells from human disease samples; however, identifying disease-associated cell types or cell states in patient samples remains challenging because of technical and interindividual variation. Here, we present mixed-effects modeling of associations of single cells (MASC), a reverse single-cell association strategy for testing whether case-control status influences the membership of single cells in any of multiple cellular subsets while accounting for technical confounders and biological variation. Applying MASC to mass cytometry analyses of CD4+ T cells from the blood of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and controls revealed a significantly expanded population of CD4+ T cells, identified as CD27- HLA-DR+ effector memory cells, in RA patients (odds ratio, 1.7; P = 1.1 × 10-3). The frequency of CD27- HLA-DR+ cells was similarly elevated in blood samples from a second RA patient cohort, and CD27- HLA-DR+ cell frequency decreased in RA patients who responded to immunosuppressive therapy. Mass cytometry and flow cytometry analyses indicated that CD27- HLA-DR+ cells were associated with RA (meta-analysis P = 2.3 × 10-4). Compared to peripheral blood, synovial fluid and synovial tissue samples from RA patients contained about fivefold higher frequencies of CD27- HLA-DR+ cells, which comprised ~10% of synovial CD4+ T cells. CD27- HLA-DR+ cells expressed a distinctive effector memory transcriptomic program with T helper 1 (TH1)- and cytotoxicity-associated features and produced abundant interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and granzyme A protein upon stimulation. We propose that MASC is a broadly applicable method to identify disease-associated cell populations in high-dimensional single-cell data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chamith Y Fonseka
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Deepak A Rao
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nikola C Teslovich
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ilya Korsunsky
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Susan K Hannes
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kamil Slowikowski
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael F Gurish
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laura T Donlin
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.,David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - James A Lederer
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael E Weinblatt
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elena M Massarotti
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan S Coblyn
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Simon M Helfgott
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Derrick J Todd
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vivian P Bykerk
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Karlson
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joerg Ermann
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yvonne C Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michael B Brenner
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. .,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Amariuta T, Luo Y, Gazal S, Davenport EE, van de Geijn B, Ishigaki K, Westra HJ, Teslovich N, Okada Y, Yamamoto K, Price AL, Raychaudhuri S. IMPACT: Genomic Annotation of Cell-State-Specific Regulatory Elements Inferred from the Epigenome of Bound Transcription Factors. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:879-895. [PMID: 31006511 PMCID: PMC6506796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in annotating the genome with experimental methods, much of the regulatory noncoding genome remains poorly defined. Here we assert that regulatory elements may be characterized by leveraging local epigenomic signatures where specific transcription factors (TFs) are bound. To link these two features, we introduce IMPACT, a genome annotation strategy that identifies regulatory elements defined by cell-state-specific TF binding profiles, learned from 515 chromatin and sequence annotations. We validate IMPACT using multiple compelling applications. First, IMPACT distinguishes between bound and unbound TF motif sites with high accuracy (average AUPRC 0.81, SE 0.07; across 8 tested TFs) and outperforms state-of-the-art TF binding prediction methods, MocapG, MocapS, and Virtual ChIP-seq. Second, in eight tested cell types, RNA polymerase II IMPACT annotations capture more cis-eQTL variation than sequence-based annotations, such as promoters and TSS windows (25% average increase in enrichment). Third, integration with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) summary statistics from European (N = 38,242) and East Asian (N = 22,515) populations revealed that the top 5% of CD4+ Treg IMPACT regulatory elements capture 85.7% of RA h2, the most comprehensive explanation for RA h2 to date. In comparison, the average RA h2 captured by compared CD4+ T histone marks is 42.3% and by CD4+ T specifically expressed gene sets is 36.4%. Lastly, we find that IMPACT may be used in many different cell types to identify complex trait associated regulatory elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Amariuta
- Center for Data Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yang Luo
- Center for Data Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Steven Gazal
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emma E Davenport
- Center for Data Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bryce van de Geijn
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kazuyoshi Ishigaki
- Center for Data Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Harm-Jan Westra
- Center for Data Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nikola Teslovich
- Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Alkes L Price
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Center for Data Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Throm AA, Moncrieffe H, Orandi AB, Pingel JT, Geurs TL, Miller HL, Daugherty AL, Malkova ON, Lovell DJ, Thompson SD, Grom AA, Cooper MA, Oh ST, French AR. Identification of enhanced IFN-γ signaling in polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis with mass cytometry. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121544. [PMID: 30089725 PMCID: PMC6129135 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is among the most challenging of the JIA subtypes to treat. Even with current biologic therapies, the disease remains difficult to control in a substantial subset of patients, highlighting the need for new therapies. The aim of this study was to use the high dimensionality afforded by mass cytometry with phospho-specific antibodies to delineate signaling abnormalities in immune cells from treatment-naive polyarticular JIA patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 17 treatment-naive polyarticular JIA patients, 10 of the patients after achieving clinical remission, and 19 healthy controls. Samples were stimulated for 15 minutes with IL-6 or IFN-γ and analyzed by mass cytometry. Following IFN-γ stimulation, increased STAT1 and/or STAT3 phosphorylation was observed in subsets of CD4 T cells and classical monocytes from treatment-naive patients. The enhanced IFN-γ signaling was associated with increased expression of JAK1 and SOCS1 in CD4 T cells. Furthermore, substantial heterogeneity in surface marker expression was observed among the subsets of CD4 T cells and classical monocytes with increased IFN-γ responsiveness. The identification of enhanced IFN-γ signaling in CD4 T cells and classical monocytes from treatment-naive polyarticular JIA patients provides mechanistic support for investigations into therapies that attenuate IFN-γ signaling in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison A. Throm
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Halima Moncrieffe
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Amir B. Orandi
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeanette T. Pingel
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Theresa L. Geurs
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Allyssa L. Daugherty
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Olga N. Malkova
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel J. Lovell
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan D. Thompson
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexei A. Grom
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Megan A. Cooper
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stephen T. Oh
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Anthony R. French
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rao DA. Editorial: Lymphocyte Highs and Lows With Baricitinib. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:1897-1900. [PMID: 30058141 DOI: 10.1002/art.40681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak A Rao
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Langdon K, Haleagrahara N. Regulatory T-cell dynamics with abatacept treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Int Rev Immunol 2018; 37:206-214. [PMID: 29757670 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2018.1465943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The progressive damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been linked to an increase in inflammatory Th1/Th17 cells and a decrease in number or function of immunomodulatory regulatory T cells (Tregs). Many therapies that are effective in RA are shown to affect Th1/Th17 cells and/or Tregs. One such therapy, abatacept, utilizes a physiologic immunomodulatory molecule called cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) which causes contact-dependent inhibition of inflammatory T-cell activation. Recent advances in CTLA-4 research has uncovered the method by which this occurs physiologically but the actions of the CTLA-4Ig fusion protein are still not fully understood. The reported effects of the drug on Treg population number and suppressor function have been very mixed. In this review, we will discuss the current literature surrounding the effects of abatacept in rheumatoid arthritis and explore potential explanations for the differences in results. Future opportunities in this area include contributions to a unified definition for different immune cell populations, LAG3+ Tregs which may pose an avenue for further study or the stratification of patients with regards to their specific disease characteristics, resulting in optimized treatment for disease remission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kane Langdon
- a College of Medicine and Dentistry , James Cook University , Douglas , Townsville , Australia
| | - Nagaraja Haleagrahara
- b College of Public Health, Medicine and Veterinary Sciences , James Cook University , Douglas , Townsville , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang J, Ren J, Yang Y, Sun J, Zhou X, Zheng S, Xuan D, Xue Y, Fan H, Zhang J, Zou H, Wan W, Kong N. BANK1 alters B cell responses and influences the interactions between B cells and induced T regulatory cells in mice with collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:9. [PMID: 29370826 PMCID: PMC5785884 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Functional variants of the B cell gene, B cell scaffold protein with ankyrin repeats 1 (BANK1) contribute to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility, but their influences on B cell responses are unclear. Moreover, the function of induced T regulatory cells (iTregs) in the inflammatory milieu in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model is unknown. This study was performed to investigate the roles of BANK1 in CIA and the interaction between B cells and iTregs. Methods The changes in BANK1 mRNA and protein levels and their correlation with disease severity in CIA were determined. Next, the antigen-presenting function and autoantibody production in B cells were evaluated by co-culture with effector T cells and iTregs, respectively, both in vitro and in vivo. Then, the mechanisms underlying these interactions were studied by adding neutralizing antibodies or transwell inserts and by adoptive transfer to B-cell-depleted CIA mice. Results The BANK1 level decreased in the peripheral blood, spleen and lymph nodes of CIA mice, particularly during the acute stage of arthritis, and exhibited negative correlation with disease severity and autoantibody production. B cell responses were enhanced by this decrease. B cells from CIA mice (CIA-B cells) promoted iTreg differentiation, proliferation and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) expression. Meanwhile, BANK1 expression in CIA-B cells increased after co-culture with iTregs, limiting B cell responses. All these interactions depended on cell contact with CTLA-4-overexpressing iTregs but were independent of CTLA-4 cytokine. Conclusion Decreased BANK1 expression promotes B cell responses, resulting in an increased antigen presentation ability and autoantibody production that subsequently influences the communication between B cells and iTregs through a cell-contact-dependent and CTLA-4- cytokine-independent mechanism in CIA mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Blood Engineering Lab, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Yang
- Blood Engineering Lab, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Blood Engineering Lab, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shucong Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Xuan
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Fan
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiong Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Hejian Zou
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Wan
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Kong
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, 200040, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|