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Zheng R, Zhu X, Xiao Y. Advances in CAR-T-cell therapy in T-cell malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:49. [PMID: 38915099 PMCID: PMC11197302 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Significant advances have been made in chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T)-cell therapy for the treatment of recurrent or refractory B-cell hematologic malignancies. However, CAR-T-cell therapy has not yet achieved comparable success in the management of aggressive T-cell malignancies. This article reviews the challenges of CAR-T-cell therapy in treating T-cell malignancies and summarizes the progress of preclinical and clinical studies in this area. We present an analysis of clinical trials of CAR-T-cell therapies for the treatment of T-cell malignancies grouped by target antigen classification. Moreover, this review focuses on the major challenges encountered by CAR-T-cell therapies, including the nonspecific killing due to T-cell target antigen sharing and contamination with cell products during preparation. This review discusses strategies to overcome these challenges, presenting novel therapeutic approaches that could enhance the efficacy and applicability of CAR-T-cell therapy in the treatment of T-cell malignancies. These ideas and strategies provide important information for future studies to promote the further development and application of CAR-T-cell therapy in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubing Zheng
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yi Xiao
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Jangid AK, Kim S, Park HW, Kim HJ, Kim K. Ex Vivo Surface Decoration of Phenylboronic Acid onto Natural Killer Cells for Sialic Acid-Mediated Versatile Cancer Cell Targeting. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:222-237. [PMID: 38130077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Phenylboronic acid (PBA) has been highly acknowledged as a significant cancer recognition moiety in sialic acid-overexpressing cancer cells. In this investigation, lipid-mediated biomaterial integrated PBA molecules onto the surface of natural killer (NK) cells to make a receptor-mediated immune cell therapeutic module. Therefore, a 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine (DSPE) lipid-conjugated di-PEG-PBA (DSPEPEG-di(PEG-PBA) biomaterial was synthesized. The DSPEPEG-di(PEG-PBA) biomaterial exhibited a high affinity for sialic acid (SA), confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy at pH 6.5 and 7.4. DSPEPEG-di(PEG-PBA) was successfully anchored onto NK cell surfaces (PBA-NK), and this biomaterial maintains intrinsic properties such as viability, ligand availability (FasL & TRAIL), and cytokine secretion response to LPS. The anticancer efficacy of PBA-NK cells was evaluated against 2D cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, HepG2, and HCT-116) and 3D tumor spheroids of MDA-MB-231 cells. PBA-NK cells exhibited greatly enhanced anticancer effects against SA-overexpressing cancer cells. Thus, PBA-NK cells represent a new anticancer strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Jangid
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| | - Sungjun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| | - Hee Won Park
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, South Korea
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Kondo T, Taylor N. Co-op CARs for targeting acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1841-1843. [PMID: 37832553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies are limited by antigen escape and on-target/off-tumor toxicity. In addressing these challenges, Haubner et al. develop an "IF-BETTER" strategy. Their combinatorial chimeric co-stimulatory receptor with an attenuated CAR enhances acute myeloid leukemia (AML) killing while protecting healthy progenitors, highlighting the potential to leverage cooperative CAR designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Kondo
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Université de Montpellier-IGMM, Montpellier, France.
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Sun L, Su Y, Jiao A, Wang X, Zhang B. T cells in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:235. [PMID: 37332039 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Upon antigen stimulation, naïve T cells differentiate into CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic effector and memory cells, mediating direct killing, diverse immune regulatory function, and long-term protection. In response to acute and chronic infections and tumors, T cells adopt distinct differentiation trajectories and develop into a range of heterogeneous populations with various phenotype, differentiation potential, and functionality under precise and elaborate regulations of transcriptional and epigenetic programs. Abnormal T-cell immunity can initiate and promote the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of T cell development, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell classification, and differentiation in physiological settings. We further elaborate the heterogeneity, differentiation, functionality, and regulation network of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in infectious disease, chronic infection and tumor, and autoimmune disease, highlighting the exhausted CD8+ T cell differentiation trajectory, CD4+ T cell helper function, T cell contributions to immunotherapy and autoimmune pathogenesis. We also discuss the development and function of γδ T cells in tissue surveillance, infection, and tumor immunity. Finally, we summarized current T-cell-based immunotherapies in both cancer and autoimmune diseases, with an emphasis on their clinical applications. A better understanding of T cell immunity provides insight into developing novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China.
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Atilla E, Benabdellah K. The Black Hole: CAR T Cell Therapy in AML. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2713. [PMID: 37345050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite exhaustive studies, researchers have made little progress in the field of adoptive cellular therapies for relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML), unlike the notable uptake for B cell malignancies. Various single antigen-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell Phase I trials have been established worldwide and have recruited approximately 100 patients. The high heterogeneity at the genetic and molecular levels within and between AML patients resembles a black hole: a great gravitational field that sucks in everything. One must consider the fact that only around 30% of patients show a response; there are, however, consequential off-tumor effects. It is obvious that a new point of view is needed to achieve more promising results. This review first introduces the unique therapeutic challenges of not only CAR T cells but also other adoptive cellular therapies in AML. Next, recent single-cell sequencing data for AML to assess somatically acquired alterations at the DNA, epigenetic, RNA, and protein levels are discussed to give a perspective on cellular heterogeneity, intercellular hierarchies, and the cellular ecosystem. Finally, promising novel strategies are summarized, including more sophisticated next-generation CAR T, TCR-T, and CAR NK therapies; the approaches with which to tailor the microenvironment and target neoantigens; and allogeneic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erden Atilla
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Genomic Medicine Department, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Health Sciences Technology Park, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Karim Benabdellah
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Genomic Medicine Department, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Health Sciences Technology Park, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Lim WA. The emerging era of cell engineering: Harnessing the modularity of cells to program complex biological function. Science 2022; 378:848-852. [DOI: 10.1126/science.add9665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new era of biological engineering is emerging in which living cells are used as building blocks to address therapeutic challenges. These efforts are distinct from traditional molecular engineering—their focus is not on optimizing individual genes and proteins as therapeutics, but rather on using molecular components as modules to reprogram how cells make decisions and communicate to achieve higher-order physiological functions in vivo. This cell-centric approach is enabled by a growing tool kit of components that can synthetically control core cell-level functional outputs, such as where in the body a cell should go, what other cells it should interact with, and what messages it should transmit or receive. The power of cell engineering has been clinically validated by the development of immune cells designed to kill cancer. This same tool kit for rewiring cell connectivity is beginning to be used to engineer cell therapies for a host of other diseases and to program the self-organization of tissues and organs. By forcing the conceptual distillation of complex biological functions into a finite set of instructions that operate at the cell level, these efforts also shed light on the fundamental hierarchical logic that links molecular components to higher-order physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendell A. Lim
- Cell Design Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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