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Daamen AR, Lipsky PE. Potential and pitfalls of repurposing the CAR-T cell regimen for the treatment of autoimmune disease. Ann Rheum Dis 2024; 83:696-699. [PMID: 38637134 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2024-225638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are synthetic proteins designed to direct an immune response toward a specific target and have been used in immunotherapeutic applications through the adoptive transfer of T cells genetically engineered to express CARs. This technology received early attention in oncology with particular success in treatment of B cell malignancies leading to the launch of numerous successful clinical trials and the US Food and Drug Administration approval of several CAR-T-based therapies. Many CAR-T constructs have been employed, but have always been administered following a lymphodepletion regimen. The success of CAR-T cell treatment in targeting malignant B cells has led many to consider the potential for using these regimens to delete pathogenic B cells in autoimmune diseases. Preliminary results have suggested efficacy, but the sample size remains small, controlled trials have not been done, the role of immunodepletion has not been established, the most effective CAR-T constructs have not been identified and the most appropriate patient subsets for treatment have not been established.
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Torres Chavez AG, McKenna MK, Balasubramanian K, Riffle L, Patel NL, Kalen JD, St. Croix B, Leen AM, Bajgain P. A dual-luciferase bioluminescence system for the assessment of cellular therapies. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200763. [PMID: 38596291 PMCID: PMC10869576 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging is a well-established platform for evaluating engineered cell therapies in preclinical studies. However, despite the discovery of new luciferases and substrates, optimal combinations to simultaneously monitor two cell populations remain limited. This makes the functional assessment of cellular therapies cumbersome and expensive, especially in preclinical in vivo models. In this study, we explored the potential of using a green bioluminescence-emitting click beetle luciferase, CBG99, and a red bioluminescence-emitting firefly luciferase mutant, Akaluc, together to simultaneously monitor two cell populations. Using various chimeric antigen receptor T cells and tumor pairings, we demonstrate that these luciferases are suitable for real-time tracking of two cell types using 2D and 3D cultures in vitro and experimental models in vivo. Our data show the broad compatibility of this dual-luciferase (duo-luc) system with multiple bioluminescence detection equipment ranging from benchtop spectrophotometers to live animal imaging systems. Although this study focused on investigating complex CAR T cells and tumor cell interactions, this duo-luc system has potential utility for the simultaneous monitoring of any two cellular components-for example, to unravel the impact of a specific genetic variant on clonal dominance in a mixed population of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary K. McKenna
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Lisa Riffle
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Nimit L. Patel
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Joseph D. Kalen
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Brad St. Croix
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ann M. Leen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pradip Bajgain
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Zheng WW, Zhou H, Li P, Ye SG, Abudureheman T, Yang LT, Qing K, Liang AB, Chen KM, Duan CW. Anti-CD79b/CD3 bispecific antibody combined with CAR19-T cells for B-cell lymphoma treatment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3739-3753. [PMID: 37707586 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
CD19 CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor-T) cell immunotherapy achieves a remission rate of approximately 70% in recurrent and refractory lymphoma treatment. However, the loss or reduction of CD19 antigen on the surface of lymphoma cells results in the escape of tumor cells from the immune killing of CD19 CAR-T cells (CAR19-T). Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently required. In this study, an anti-CD79b/CD3 bispecific antibody (BV28-OKT3) was constructed and combined with CAR19-T cells for B-cell lymphoma treatment. When the CD19 antigen was lost or reduced, BV28-OKT3 redirected CAR19-T cells to CD79b+ CD19- lymphoma cells; therefore, BV28-OKT3 overcomes the escape of CD79b+ CD19- lymphoma cells by the killing action of CAR19-T cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, BV28-OKT3 triggered the antitumor function of CAR- T cells in the infusion product and boosted the antitumor immune response of bystander T cells, markedly improving the cytotoxicity of CAR19-T cells to lymphoma cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, BV28-OKT3 elicited the cytotoxicity of donor-derived T cells toward lymphoma cells in vitro, which depended on the presence of tumor cells. Therefore, our findings provide a new clinical treatment strategy for recurrent and refractory B-cell lymphoma by combining CD79b/CD3 BsAb with CAR19-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shi-Guang Ye
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tuersunayi Abudureheman
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai-Bin Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Kai-Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Cai-Wen Duan
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
- Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, National Health Commission, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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Miao L, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Wang S, Tang F, Teng M, Li Y. A Bibliometric and Knowledge-Map Analysis of CAR-T Cells From 2009 to 2021. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840956. [PMID: 35371087 PMCID: PMC8971369 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesA bibliometric and knowledge-map analysis is used to explore hotspots’ evolution and development trends in the CAR-T cell field. By looking for research hotspots and new topics, we can provide new clues and ideas for researchers in this field.MethodsThe articles and reviews regarding CAR-T cells were retrieved and obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) on October 28th, 2021. CtieSpace [version 5.8.R3 (64-bit)] and VOSviewer (version 1.6.17) were used to conduct the bibliometric and knowledge-map analysis.Results660 authors from 488 institutions in 104 countries/regions published 6,867 papers in 1,212 academic journals. The United States was absolutely in the leading position in this research field. The institution that contributed the most publications was the University of Pennsylvania. Carl H June published the most articles, while Shannon L Maude had the most co-citations. However, there was little cooperation between countries. After 2012, cooperation among various institutions was also small. The journals that published the most CAR-T cell-related papers were Frontiers in immunology and Cancers. Nevertheless, Blood and The New England Journal of Medicine were the most commonly co-cited journals. The most influential research hotspots were the research of CAR-T cells in hematological malignancies, the related research of cytokine release syndrome (CRS), CD19, and the anti-tumor activity and efficacy of CAR-T cells. The latest hotspots and topics included the study of CAR-T cells in solid tumors, universal CAR-T cells, CAR-NK cells, CD22, and anakinra (the IL-1 receptor antagonist). The research of CAR-T cells in solid tumors was a rapidly developing hot field. Emerging topics in this field mainly included the study of CAR-T cells in glioblastoma (related targets: IL13Rα2, EGFRvIII, and HER2), neuroblastoma (related target: GD2), sarcoma (related target: HER2), and pancreatic cancer (related target: mesothelin), especially glioblastoma.ConclusionAs an anti-tumor therapy with great potential and clinical application prospects, CAR-T cell therapy is still in a stage of rapid development. The related field of CAR-T cells will remain a research hotspot in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Miao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengchao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Futian Tang
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Muzhou Teng
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yumin Li, ; Muzhou Teng,
| | - Yumin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yumin Li, ; Muzhou Teng,
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