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Gao R, Liu L, Fan S, Zheng W, Liu R, Zhang Z, Huang R, Zhao L, Shi J. Occurrence and potential diffusion of pine wilt disease mediated by insect vectors in China under climate change. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39087738 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pine wilt disease (PWD), a major international quarantined forest pest, causes serious ecological and economic damage to Pinus species in Asia and Europe. In China, PWD has spread northeasterly and northwesterly beyond its original northern limits. Consequently, an evaluation of the insect vector-mediated occurrence and potential diffusion of PWD is needed to identify important transmission routes and control the spread of disease. RESULTS An optimized MaxEnt model was used to assess the current and future geographical distribution of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and its insect vectors in China. The predicted suitable area for B. xylophilus colonization is currently 212.32 × 104 km2 and mainly concentrated in Central, East, Southwest and South China, although is anticipated to include the northwestern regions of China in the future. As for the insect vectors, Monochamus alternatus and M. saltuarius are expected to spread toward the northwest and southwest, respectively. The maximum predicted dispersion area of PWD mediated by M. alternatus, M. saltuarius and both species was 91.85 × 104, 218.76 × 104 and 29.99 × 104 km2, respectively, with potential diffusion areas being anticipated to increase in the future. Both the suitable probabilities and areas of B. xylophilus and its insect vectors were found to vary substantially along the latitudinal gradient, with the latitudinal range of these species being predicted to expand in the future. CONCLUSION This is the first study to investigate the potential diffusion areas of PWD mediated by insect vectors in China, and our finding will provide a vital theoretical reference and empirical basis for developing more effective management strategies for the control of PWD in China. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihe Gao
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Shanxi Dangerous Forest Pest Inspection and Identification Center, Jinzhong, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Shanxi Dangerous Forest Pest Inspection and Identification Center, Jinzhong, China
| | - Shiming Fan
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Shanxi Dangerous Forest Pest Inspection and Identification Center, Jinzhong, China
| | - Wenfang Zheng
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Shanxi Dangerous Forest Pest Inspection and Identification Center, Jinzhong, China
| | - Ruyuan Liu
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Shanxi Dangerous Forest Pest Inspection and Identification Center, Jinzhong, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Shanxi Dangerous Forest Pest Inspection and Identification Center, Jinzhong, China
| | - Ruifen Huang
- Center for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Shanxi Dangerous Forest Pest Inspection and Identification Center, Jinzhong, China
| | - Juan Shi
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Zhao H, Xian X, Yang N, Guo J, Zhao L, Shi J, Liu WX. Risk assessment framework for pine wilt disease: Estimating the introduction pathways and multispecies interactions among the pine wood nematode, its insect vectors, and hosts in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167075. [PMID: 37714356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), a destructive, invasive forest pathogen, poses a serious threat to global pine forest ecosystems. The global invasion of PWN has been described based on three successive phases, introduction, establishment, and dispersal. Risk assessments of the three successive PWN invasion phases can assist in targeted management efforts. Here, we present a risk assessment framework to evaluate the introduction, establishment, and dispersal risks of PWD in China using network analysis, species distribution models, and niche concepts. We found that >88 % of PWN inspection records were from the United States, South Korea, Japan, Germany, and Mexico, and 94 % of interception records were primarily from the Jiangsu, Shanghai, Shandong, Tianjin, and Zhejiang ports. Based on the nearly current climate, the areas of PWN overlap with its host Pinus species were primarily distributed in southern, eastern, Yangtze River Basin, central, and northeastern China regions. Areas of PWN overlap with its insect vector Monochamus alternatus were primarily distributed in southern, eastern, Yangtze River Basin, central, and northeastern China regions, and those of PWN overlap with the insect vector Monochamus saltuarius were primarily distributed in eastern and northeastern China. The niche between PWN and the insect vector M. alternatus was the most similar (0.68), followed by that between PWN and the insect vector M. saltuarius (0.47). Climate change will increase the suitable probabilities of PWN and its two insect vectors occurring at high latitudes, further increasing their threat to hosts in northeastern China. This risk assessment framework for PWD could be influential in preventing the entry of the PWN and mitigating their establishment and dispersal risks in China. Our study provides substantial clues for developing a framework to improve the risk assessment and surveillance of biological invasions worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xian
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nianwan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Jianyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lilin Zhao
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Juan Shi
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wan-Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Nathan P, Economo EP, Guénard B, Simonsen AK, Frederickson ME. Generalized mutualisms promote range expansion in both plant and ant partners. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231083. [PMID: 37700642 PMCID: PMC10498038 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutualism improves organismal fitness, but strong dependence on another species can also limit a species' ability to thrive in a new range if its partner is absent. We assembled a large, global dataset on mutualistic traits and species ranges to investigate how multiple plant-animal and plant-microbe mutualisms affect the spread of legumes and ants to novel ranges. We found that generalized mutualisms increase the likelihood that a species establishes and thrives beyond its native range, whereas specialized mutualisms either do not affect or reduce non-native spread. This pattern held in both legumes and ants, indicating that specificity between mutualistic partners is a key determinant of ecological success in a new habitat. Our global analysis shows that mutualism plays an important, if often overlooked, role in plant and insect invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Nathan
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto M5S 3B2, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evan P. Economo
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Benoit Guénard
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Anna K. Simonsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Megan E. Frederickson
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto M5S 3B2, Ontario, Canada
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Lum JY, Chiu MC, Tseng SP, Scotty Yang CC, Lee CY. Anthropogenic Influence on the Distribution of the Longlegged Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:520-528. [PMID: 36715608 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The longlegged ant Anoplolepis gracilipes (Smith) is a highly invasive tramp ant species known for its deleterious effects on native ecosystems. While tramp ants are associated with human activity, information on how different intensities of human activity affect their distribution is limited. This study investigated how anthropogenic activities affected the distribution of A. gracilipes in Penang, a tropical island in northern peninsular Malaysia. Three study sites (Youth Park, Sungai Ara, and Bukit Jambul/Relau) were selected, containing four sub-locations corresponding to different levels of human activity (low, moderate, high, and very high), determined by the average number of passersby observed over 30 min. Baited index cards were placed at each sub-location to evaluate ant abundance and distribution. The results demonstrated that A. gracilipes worker abundance was highest in areas of moderate human activity, as opposed to areas with low and higher human activity. The low abundance of A. gracilipes in comparatively undisturbed localities may be attributed to unsuitable microclimate, lack of propagule pressure, and diminished honeydew availability. In contrast, its exclusion from more urbanized localities could be explained by high interspecific competition with other tramp species and the absence of preferred nesting sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yin Lum
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Ming-Chung Chiu
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ping Tseng
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Cheng Scotty Yang
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Chow-Yang Lee
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Rajesh TP, Manoj K, Prashanth Ballullaya U, Shibil VK, Asha G, Varma S, Mohan P, Sinu PA. Urban tropical forest islets as hotspots of ants in general and invasive ants in particular. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12003. [PMID: 35835929 PMCID: PMC9283449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Urbanization is a crucial driver of environmental and biodiversity change. It is suggested that urbanization favours generalist and invasive species and might harm specialists of natural and semi-natural habitats. In this study, we examined how an urbanization gradient and environmental gradients in the habitat area, habitat diversity, elevation, and proportion of built-up area influenced the abundance and richness of ants within tropical forest islet habitat in south India. We used abundance (proportional trap incidence) of overall ants, native ants, invasive ants, and Anoplolepis gracilipes—a globally notorious invasive ant of possible south Asian origin—and rarefied richness as the response variables. We found that native ant abundance was greater and A. gracilipes abundance was lesser in less-urbanized landscape compared to moderately-urbanized and highly-urbanized landscape. The richness of ants and abundance of overall and invasive ants were unaffected by the urbanization. We also found that none of the measured environmental gradients but habitat diversity influenced abundance of overall ants, native ants, overall invasive ants, and richness of ants; however, A. gracilipes abundance was negatively correlated with habitat diversity. Ant species composition of less-urbanized landscape was distinct from that of higher urbanization levels. The richness and abundance of native ants and abundance of non-A. gracilipes invasive ants decreased with the abundance of A. gracilipes. Because the forest islets of all three urbanization levels supported similar richness of native ants, the urbanization seems not to have an adverse effect for the native ants of native forest islets. The increasing population of A. gracilipes in urban green islets, however, is a concern. Future studies might investigate its effect on other invertebrates of epigeal and soil strata.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Rajesh
- Central University of Kerala, Periya, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - K Manoj
- Central University of Kerala, Periya, Kerala, 671316, India
| | | | - V K Shibil
- Central University of Kerala, Periya, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - G Asha
- Central University of Kerala, Periya, Kerala, 671316, India
| | | | - Prabitha Mohan
- Central University of Kerala, Periya, Kerala, 671316, India
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