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Yenealem DG, Mengistu AM. Fear of violence and working department influences physical aggression level among nurses in northwest Ethiopia government health facilities. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27536. [PMID: 38509935 PMCID: PMC10951522 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Violence is recognized as an extreme expression of aggressive behavior and physical violence is most recognized type among victims. Patients always come to the hospitals looking for a cure, remedy, or assurance; however, incompatibility of demand and service often results in violent incidents that become statuesque in health facilities. This study aims to investigate physical violence and associated factors among nurses in health facilities in Gondar town, Ethiopia. Method The study was an institutional-based cross-sectional study among nurses in Gondar town from April to May 2017. Data were collected using a pretested modified version of the standard [ILO/ICN/WHO/PSI] questionnaire by trained data collectors among 339 nurses across health facilities. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to identify the factors significantly associated with physical violence at p-value ≤0.05. Result Over one fourth (28.9%) [95% CI: (24.8, 33.9)] of nurses were victims of violence in the past 12 months. Level of verbal abuse (AOR = 2.35; 95%CI, 1.26-4.40), working in emergency (AOR = 4.58; 95%CI, 1.47-14.30) and inpatient (AOR = 3.33; 95%CI, 1.15-9.66)departments; having moderate (AOR = 0.41; 95%CI, 0.18-0.90),high (AOR = 0.41; 95%CI, 0.18-0.90), optimal (AOR = 0.41; 95%CI, 0.18-0.90) level of concern of violence were significantly associated with physical violence. Conclusion This study underlines findings nurses are at high-risk of physical violence and it is ranked second highest only to psychiatric and trauma facilities in Gondar town. Exposure to verbal abuse, working in emergency and inpatient departments and perceived level of concern are the precursors of experiencing physical violence. Therefore, investing time and capital in training like restraining and de-escalation, structural measures that deter the assailants are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawit Getachew Yenealem
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Avier Mesfin Mengistu
- Hygiene and Sanitation Office, Gondar University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Leshem R, Mashal N. What does metaphoric language say about aggression? The relationships between metaphoric language, impulsivity, and aggression. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 243:104173. [PMID: 38320413 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggressive behavior among adolescents has been identified as a serious worldwide problem, especially when combined with trait impulsivity. This study investigates the impact of an overlooked aspect of language, namely, metaphor comprehension, on impulsivity and aggression in adolescents. A total of 204 adolescents completed self-reported questionnaires assessing impulsivity and aggression and underwent tests assessing familiar and less familiar metaphor comprehension. The findings reveal inverse relationships between metaphor comprehension and both impulsivity and aggression. Regarding aggression, notable distinctions were observed in the correlations between familiar and less familiar metaphors with specific aggression types. Additionally, impulsivity was found to mediate the relationship between the comprehension of familiar metaphors and aggression. These results are elucidated in the context of cognitive and executive functions, emphasizing the significance of considering metaphor comprehension as a cognitive process capable of modulating aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Leshem
- Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan University, Israel.
| | - Nira Mashal
- Faculty of Education and Gonda Multidisciplinary, Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Woon C. A Literature Review: Violence and Aggression in Neuroscience Nursing. J Neurosci Nurs 2023; 55:60-64. [PMID: 36857134 DOI: 10.1097/jnn.0000000000000692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Violence and aggression is commonly encountered in nursing worldwide and is an increasing concern, although it is largely underreported by staff. Violence and aggression can take many forms, from verbal and physical abuse to sexual assault. This study aims to define agitation, violence, and aggression and to explore the prevalence of violence and aggression among neuroscience patients. This review also examines why violence and aggression occurs for neuroscience patients and to determine the effects on the patients, the environment, and the nursing staff. METHODS: A review of articles was conducted using CINAHL, PubMed, the Cochrane Database, and Google Scholar between 2012 and 2022. DISCUSSION: Agitation can escalate to violence and aggression. The reasons a neuroscience patient may become agitated are multifactorial. An injury to the brain may not cause agitation; however, the effect on the frontal lobe, hypothalamus, and hippocampus may cause a lack of self-control, impulsivity, an inability to control emotions, and an uncontrolled release of hormones, leading to a heightened sympathetic response. The effects of violence and aggression can be detrimental to the patient and include isolation, increased sedation, reduced observations, and even death. The effects on the nurse are profound including a decline in productivity at work, an increased risk of drug errors, and posttraumatic stress disorder or burnout as longer-term consequences. CONCLUSION: Violence and aggression is commonly experienced within neuroscience nursing, and the contributing factors are multifactorial. The effects for the patients and staff can be profound, and this is why prevention of agitation is fundamental to ensure the safety and retention of nursing staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Woon
- Questions or comments about this article may be directed to Caroline Woon at . C.W. is a Neuroscience Clinical Nurse Educator, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
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Ota M, Lam L, Gilbert J, Hills D. Nurse leadership in promoting and supporting civility in health care settings: A scoping review. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:4221-4233. [PMID: 36326061 PMCID: PMC10098756 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIM This scoping review aimed to identify the existing evidence on how nurse leaders promote and maintain civility amongst nurses in health care settings. BACKGROUND Research on managing workplace incivility in nursing, a prevalent and concerning issue worldwide, recommends nurse leaders to command cultural change through strong leadership and civility interventions. However, there is very little empirical evidence summarizing and analysing how nurse leaders pragmatically achieve civility, and combat workplace incivility, in the health care setting. EVALUATION A scoping review was undertaken using the electronic databases CINAHL, Emerald Insight, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, PubMed and Scopus. Google Scholar was used to search for grey literature. KEY ISSUES The eight studies included in this review describe how nurse leaders promote and maintain civility under four key themes: (1) creating a shared vision, (2) educating self and others, (3) fostering accountability and (4) providing support. CONCLUSION The review provides an overview of commonly used strategies and actions that pragmatically promote and maintain civility in the health care setting by nurse leaders, while also highlighting areas of future research needed to strengthen the evidence base. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT It is important for nurse leaders to gain an understanding of evidence-based practices when addressing workplace incivility in order to address this prevailing problem for the future and safety of nurses moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Ota
- Institute of Health and WellbeingFederation University AustraliaMt HelenVictoriaAustralia
| | - Louisa Lam
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine (VIC)Australian Catholic UniversityFitzroyVictoriaAustralia
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Julia Gilbert
- Institute of Health and WellbeingFederation University AustraliaMt HelenVictoriaAustralia
| | - Danny Hills
- Institute of Health and WellbeingFederation University AustraliaBrisbane CityQueenslandAustralia
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Tuominen J, Tölli S, Häggman-Laitila A. Violence by clients and patients against social and healthcare staff - An integrative review of staff's well-being at work, implementation of work and leaders' activities. J Clin Nurs 2022. [PMID: 35739639 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to compile, assess and synthesise empirical research on violence by social and healthcare clients or patients against staff and its connections to staff's well-being at work, implementation of work and activities of leaders related to it. BACKGROUND Workplace violence against social and healthcare staff is a global and daily problem. One in three employees encounters violence from patients or clients and the risk of this is 16 times higher compared to other professions. None of the recent reviews on this topic were focused on the well-being at work, implementation of work or leaders' role in the cases of violence of clients or patients against the staff. DESIGN An integrative review reported according to PRISMA Checklist. METHODS The search was conducted to CINAHL, PubMed, PsychINFO and Scopus databases resulting in 21 articles. The quality of the articles was evaluated, and the data were analysed narratively. RESULTS The workplace violence committed by clients and patients was negatively connected to staff's psychological, emotional and physical well-being at work and to their work performance and commitment. The leaders found this form of workplace violence challenging and ethically conflicted and felt that they were left alone without training and support. The employees expressed disappointment with their leaders' activities and suggested many measures to make environment safer to staff and patients. CONCLUSIONS In future, intervention studies are needed for prevention of workplace violence by patients and clients against staff and for supporting the well-being at work of staff in relation to violent incidents. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Workplaces should introduce uniform protocols for reporting, preventing and processing workplace violence committed by clients and patients. An open dialogue with leaders and co-workers of the cases is of high importance. Leaders and staff need training that ensure patient and work safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Tuominen
- Lahti Mental Disabilities Psychiatry Unit, Eteva Municipal Association, Lahti, Finland
| | - Sirpa Tölli
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Science, Oulu University of Applied Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arja Häggman-Laitila
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Social Services and Health Care, City of Helsinki, Finland
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Alremawi S, Arabiyat AA. The Effectiveness of a Behavioral Program in Reducing the Aggressive Behavior of Children with Mild Mental Disabilities at the Mu’tah Center for Special Education. Health Psychol Res 2022; 10:32317. [DOI: 10.52965/001c.32317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Alremawi
- Department of Psychology and special education, Al-Balqa Applied University
| | - Ahmed A. Arabiyat
- Department of Psychology and special education, Al-Balqa Applied University
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Üzar-Özçetin YS, Russell-Westhead M, Tee S. Workplace violence: A qualitative study drawing on the perspectives of UK nursing students. Collegian 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Keller S, Yule S, Zagarese V, Henrickson Parker S. Predictors and triggers of incivility within healthcare teams: a systematic review of the literature. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e035471. [PMID: 32513884 PMCID: PMC7282335 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore predictors and triggers of incivility in medical teams, defined as behaviours that violate norms of respect but whose intent to harm is ambiguous. DESIGN Systematic literature review of quantitative and qualitative empirical studies. DATA SOURCES Database searches according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline in Medline, CINHAL, PsychInfo, Web of Science and Embase up to January 2020. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Original empirical quantitative and qualitative studies focusing on predictors and triggers of incivilities in hospital healthcare teams, excluding psychiatric care. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Of the 1397 publications screened, 53 were included (44 quantitative and 9 qualitative studies); publication date ranged from 2002 to January 2020. RESULTS Based on the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) scores, the quality of the quantitative studies were relatively low overall (mean MERSQI score of 9.93), but quality of studies increased with publication year (r=0.52; p<0.001). Initiators of incivility were consistently described as having a difficult personality, yet few studies investigated their other characteristics and motivations. Results were mostly inconsistent regarding individual characteristics of targets of incivilities (eg, age, gender, ethnicity), but less experienced healthcare professionals were more exposed to incivility. In most studies, participants reported experiencing incivilities mainly within their own professional discipline (eg, nurse to nurse) rather than across disciplines (eg, physician to nurse). Evidence of specific medical specialties particularly affected by incivility was poor, with surgery as one of the most cited uncivil specialties. Finally, situational and cultural predictors of higher incivility levels included high workload, communication or coordination issues, patient safety concerns, lack of support and poor leadership. CONCLUSIONS Although a wide range of predictors and triggers of incivilities are reported in the literature, identifying characteristics of initiators and the targets of incivilities yielded inconsistent results. The use of diverse and high-quality methods is needed to explore the dynamic nature of situational and cultural triggers of incivility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Keller
- Center for Surgery and Public Health (CSPH), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven Yule
- Center for Surgery and Public Health (CSPH), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- STRATUS Center for Medical Simulation, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Vivian Zagarese
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah Henrickson Parker
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
- Center for Simulation, Research and Patient Safety, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
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Binmadi NO, Alblowi JA. Prevalence and policy of occupational violence against oral healthcare workers: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:279. [PMID: 31830978 PMCID: PMC6909447 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational violence is considered unlawful in professional environments worldwide. In the healthcare industry, including dentistry, the safety of workers is essential, and it is of the utmost importance to ensure patient and employee safety and provide quality care. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of violence and associated workplace policies among oral healthcare professionals. Additionally, it aimed to identify the factors associated with violence and their impact on oral healthcare workers. Methods A systematic review and analysis of the literature was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and ProQuest. Original articles written in English and published between January 1992 and August 2019 were included in the analysis. Results A total of 980 articles were found, and eight were selected for analysis. The violence experienced by healthcare workers included both physical and non-physical forms, such as shouting, bullying, and threatening; it also included sexual harassment. The impact of violence on workers manifested as impaired quality of work, psychological problems, and, although rare, quitting the job. With regard to dental healthcare, awareness of occupational violence policies among dental professionals has not been previously reported in the literature. Conclusions The increasing incidence of occupational violence against oral healthcare workers indicates the need for the implementation of better protective measures to create a safe working environment for dental professionals. There is a current need for increasing awareness of workplace violence policies and for the detection and reporting of aggression and violence at dental facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada O Binmadi
- Oral Diagnostic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jazia A Alblowi
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Sun Z, Lin SX, Wang S. An Economic Model of Optimal Penalty for Health Care Workplace Violence. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 2019; 56:46958019884190. [PMID: 31640449 PMCID: PMC6811755 DOI: 10.1177/0046958019884190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an economic model on the optimal penalty of health care
workplace violence based on health care workplace classification and cost
structure, aiming to deter potential offenders. By developing an EIP
(externality, identifiability, and preventability) analytical method, we
distinguish the characteristics of different workplaces and find that the health
care workplace is the combination of externality, low identifiability, and low
preventability. Besides the private cost to victims for ordinary workplace
violence, the cost structure of health care workplace violence includes social
costs like externality-related public safety cost, defensive medicine cost, and
specific factors cost. When the optimal penalty corresponding to different
levels of health care workplace violence increases, the threshold level of
punishable violence decreases after incorporating the social costs into
analysis. Our model shows that public safety costs are positively correlated
with the importance of health care workplace in the service network, and a
higher public safety cost should be matched with a greater optimal penalty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon X Lin
- Xi'an Polytechnic University, China.,University of Southampton, UK
| | - Shuhong Wang
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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