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Nollet M, Laurichesse E, Besse S, Soubabère O, Schmitt V. Determination of Formulation Conditions Allowing Double Emulsions Stabilized by PGPR and Sodium Caseinate to Be Used as Capsules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2823-2833. [PMID: 29406736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double emulsions stabilized by polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR), a lipophilic food grade small polymer, and sodium caseinate, a hydrophilic milk protein, were developed to encapsulate vitamin B12, a model hydrophilic substance easy to titrate. Using rheology, sensitive to drop size evolution and water fluxes, static light scattering, and microscopy both giving the evolution of drops' size and vitamin B12 titration assessing the encapsulation, we were able to detect independently the double emulsion drop size, the encapsulation loss, and the flux of water as a function of time. By differentiating the PGPR required to cover the W1-droplets' surface from PGPR in excess in the oil phase, we built a PGPR-inner droplet volume fraction diagram highlighting the domains where the double emulsion is stable toward encapsulation and/or water fluxes. We demonstrated the key role played by nonadsorbed PGPR concentration in the intermediate sunflower oil phase on the emulsion stability while, surprisingly, the inner droplet volume fraction had no effect on the emulsion stability. At low PGPR concentration, a release of vitamin B12 was observed and the leakage mechanism of coalescence between droplets and oil-water interface of the oily drops (also called globules hereafter), was identified using confocal microscopy. For high enough PGPR content, the emulsions were stable and may therefore serve as efficient capsules without need of an additional gelling, thickening, complexion or interface rigidifying agent. We generalized these results with the encapsulation of an insecticide: Cydia pomonella granulovirus used in organic arboriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Nollet
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS UMR 5031, 115 Av. A. Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Eric Laurichesse
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS UMR 5031, 115 Av. A. Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Samantha Besse
- Natural Plant Protection, Arysta LifeScience's group, Parc d'activités Pau-Pyrénées, 35 avenue Léon Blum, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Olivier Soubabère
- Natural Plant Protection, Arysta LifeScience's group, Parc d'activités Pau-Pyrénées, 35 avenue Léon Blum, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Véronique Schmitt
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS UMR 5031, 115 Av. A. Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
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Kovács A, Erős I, Csóka I. Optimization and development of stable w/o/w cosmetic multiple emulsions by means of the Quality by Design approach. Int J Cosmet Sci 2015; 38:128-38. [PMID: 26084533 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of our present work was to develop stable water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) cosmetic multiple emulsions that are proper for cosmetic use and can also be applied on the skin as pharmaceutical vehicles by means of Quality by Design (QbD) concept. This product design concept consists of a risk assessment step and also the 'predetermination' of the critical material attributes and process parameters of a stable multiple emulsion system. We have set up the hypothesis that the stability of multiple emulsions can be improved by the development based on such systematic planning - making a map of critical product parameters - so their industrial usage can be increased. METHODS The risk assessment and the determination of critical physical-chemical stability parameters of w/o/w multiple emulsions to define critical control points were performed by means of quality tools and the leanqbd(™) (QbD Works LLC, Fremont, CA, U.S.A.) software. RESULTS Critical materials and process parameters: Based on the results of preformulation experiments, three factors, namely entrapped active agent, preparation methodology and shear rate, were found to be highly critical factors for critical quality attributes (CQAs) and for stability, whereas the nature of oil was found a medium level risk factor. The results of the risk assessment are the following: (i) droplet structure and size distribution should be evaluated together to be able to predict the stability issues, (ii) the presence of entrapped active agents had a great impact on droplet structure, (iii) the viscosity curves represent the structural changes during storage, if the decrease in relative viscosity is >15% the emulsion disintegrates, and (iv) it is enough to use the shear rate between 34g and 116g relative centrifugal force (RCF). CQAs: By risk assessment, we discovered that four factors should be considered to be high-risk variables as compared to others: droplet size, droplet structure, viscosity and multiple character were found to be highly critical attributes. CONCLUSION The preformulation experiment is the part of a development plan. On the basis of these results, the control strategy can be defined and a stable multiple emulsion can be ensured that meets the relevant stakeholders' quality expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kovács
- Institute of Drug Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös str. 6., 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - I Erős
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, Eötvös str. 6, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - I Csóka
- Institute of Drug Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös str. 6., 6720, Szeged, Hungary
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Berger S, Stawikowska J, van Swaay D, deMello A. Continuous Suspension of Lipids in Oil by the Selective Removal of Chloroform via Microfluidic Membrane Separation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4040913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Berger
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang Pauli Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Joanna Stawikowska
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang Pauli Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dirk van Swaay
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang Pauli Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew deMello
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang Pauli Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Corkidi G, Rojas A, Pimentel A, Galindo E. Visualization of compound drops formation in multiphase processes for the identification of factors influencing bubble and water droplet inclusions in oil drops. Chem Eng Res Des 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2012.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tsai C, Lin LH, Wu CS, Kwan CC. Surface properties of lithospermum-containing multiple phase emulsion systems. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Influence of the oil globule fraction on the release rate profiles from multiple W/O/W emulsions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 78:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang Q, Tan G, Lawson LB, John VT, Papadopoulos KD. Liposomes in double-emulsion globules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:3225-31. [PMID: 19958007 PMCID: PMC2841964 DOI: 10.1021/la9032157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tubular liposomes containing a hydrophilic model compound (fluorescein sodium salt, FSS) were entrapped inside the internal aqueous phase (W(1)) of water-in-oil-in-water (W(1)/O/W(2)) double-emulsion globules. Our hypothesis was that the oil membrane of double emulsions can function as a layer of protection to liposomes and their contents and thus better control their release. Liposomes were prepared in bulk, and their release was observed microscopically from individual double-emulsion globules. The liposomes containing FSS were released through external coalescence, and the behavior of this system was monitored visually by capillary video microscopy. Double-emulsion globules were stabilized with Tween 80 as the water-soluble surfactant, with Span 80 as the oil-soluble surfactant, while the oil phase (O) was n-hexadecane. The lipids in the tubular liposomes consist of L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine and Ceramide-VI. Variations of Tween 80 concentration in the external aqueous phase (W(2)) and Span 80 concentration in the O phase controlled the release of liposomes from the W(1) phase to the W(2) phase. The major finding of this work is that the sheer presence of liposomes in the W(1) phase is by itself a stabilizing factor for double-emulsion globules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
| | - Grace Tan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
| | - Louise B. Lawson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Vijay T. John
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
| | - Kyriakos D. Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
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Double emulsions stabilized by a charged complex of modified pectin and whey protein isolate. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 72:121-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rojas EC, Papadopoulos KD. Induction of instability in water-in-oil-in-water double emulsions by freeze-thaw cycling. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:6911-7. [PMID: 17521202 DOI: 10.1021/la063533f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Individual water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double-emulsion globules loaded with fluorescently labeled bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) were optically monitored within cylindrical capillaries during freeze-thaw cycling. Coalescence of internal aqueous droplets (W1) and external aqueous phase (W2), termed external coalescence, was not observed before or during freezing of the oil phase (O). On the other hand, this instability mechanism was readily promoted during thawing. This realization confirms the previously suggested potential of W1/O/W2 double emulsions to trigger release upon oil thawing and demonstrates that it is a direct result of globule breakage through external coalescence. The presented results also identified a threshold in the relative W1 droplet size above which instability occurred, while smaller droplets remained unperturbed and therefore indicate that optimization of the delivery can be achieved by tuning the size of W1 droplets. In addition, we propose a possible explanation for the occurrence of instability during oil thawing and its dependence on the size of W1 droplets. Because this alternative globule-breakage mechanism simply uses temperature increase (solid-to-liquid-phase transition) as external stimulus, W1/O/W2 double-emulsion delivery systems can be easily tailored by choosing an oil phase with the appropriate phase-transition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith C Rojas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
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Rojas EC, Sahiner N, Lawson LB, John VT, Papadopoulos KD. Controlled release from a nanocarrier entrapped within a microcarrier. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 301:617-23. [PMID: 16781725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2006] [Revised: 05/01/2006] [Accepted: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study illustrates the entrapment of the dye molecule fluorescein sodium salt (FSS) by hydrogel nanoparticles, which are in turn confined inside a water-in-oil-in-water double-emulsion globule, and its subsequent release by the action of the competing agent hydrochloric acid (HCl). Thus, a "double carrier" concept is being introduced in which a nanoscale delivery vehicle is being transported by a microscale delivery vehicle in order to simultaneously take advantage of both systems. This may facilitate storage and handling while protecting the active substance and improving its action upon application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith C Rojas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
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Boutti S, Bourgeat-Lami E, Zydowicz N. Silica/Polyamide Nanocomposite Synthesis via an Original Double Emulsification Process in Miniemulsion. Macromol Rapid Commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200500518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Literature Alerts. Drug Deliv 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/10717540500201502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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