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Identification of Blood Transport Proteins to Carry Temoporfin: A Domino Approach from Virtual Screening to Synthesis and In Vitro PDT Testing. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030919. [PMID: 36986780 PMCID: PMC10056000 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Temoporfin (mTHPC) is one of the most promising photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Despite its clinical use, the lipophilic character of mTHPC still hampers the full exploitation of its potential. Low solubility in water, high tendency to aggregate, and low biocompatibility are the main limitations because they cause poor stability in physiological environments, dark toxicity, and ultimately reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Applying a reverse docking approach, here, we identified a number of blood transport proteins able to bind and disperse monomolecularly mTHPC, namely apohemoglobin, apomyoglobin, hemopexin, and afamin. We validated the computational results synthesizing the mTHPC-apomyoglobin complex (mTHPC@apoMb) and demonstrated that the protein monodisperses mTHPC in a physiological environment. The mTHPC@apoMb complex preserves the imaging properties of the molecule and improves its ability to produce ROS via both type I and type II mechanisms. The effectiveness of photodynamic treatment using the mTHPC@apoMb complex was then demonstrated in vitro. Blood transport proteins can be used as molecular “Trojan horses” in cancer cells by conferring mTHPC (i) water solubility, (ii) monodispersity, and (iii) biocompatibility, ultimately bypassing the current limitations of mTHPC.
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Mattioli EJ, Ulfo L, Marconi A, Pellicioni V, Costantini PE, Marforio TD, Di Giosia M, Danielli A, Fimognari C, Turrini E, Calvaresi M. Carrying Temoporfin with Human Serum Albumin: A New Perspective for Photodynamic Application in Head and Neck Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010068. [PMID: 36671454 PMCID: PMC9855801 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Temoporfin (mTHPC) is approved in Europe for the photodynamic treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Although it has a promising profile, its lipophilic character hampers the full exploitation of its potential due to high tendency of aggregation and a reduced ROS generation that compromise photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy. Moreover, for its clinical administration, mTHPC requires the presence of ethanol and propylene glycol as solvents, often causing adverse effects in the site of injection. In this paper we explored the efficiency of a new mTHPC formulation that uses human serum albumin (HSA) to disperse the photosensitizer in solution (mTHPC@HSA), investigating its anticancer potential in two HNSCC cell lines. Through a comprehensive characterization, we demonstrated that mTHPC@HSA is stable in physiological environment, does not aggregate, and is extremely efficient in PDT performance, due to its high singlet oxygen generation and the high dispersion as monomolecular form in HSA. This is supported by the computational identification of the specific binding pocket of mTHPC in HSA. Moreover, mTHPC@HSA-PDT induces cytotoxicity in both HNSCC cell lines, increasing intracellular ROS generation and the number of γ-H2AX foci, a cellular event involved in the global response to cellular stress. Taken together these results highlight the promising phototoxic profile of the complex, prompting further studies to assess its clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Jun Mattioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Ulfo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Marconi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Pellicioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Paolo Emidio Costantini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tainah Dorina Marforio
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Giosia
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Danielli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Eleonora Turrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.T.); (M.C.)
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Maddahzadeh-Darini N, Ghorbanloo M. Supra-Amphiphilic Porphyrin Based on Thermoresponsive Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide-co-2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium) Hydrogels: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Applications. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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Gradova M, Gradov O, Bychkova A, Motyakin M, Ionova I, Lobanov A. Interaction between meso-tetra-(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin and SDS in aqueous solutions: Premicellar porphyrin-surfactant J-aggregate formation. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Kashapov RR, Razuvayeva YS, Lukashenko SS, Amerhanova SK, Lyubina AP, Voloshina AD, Syakaev VV, Salnikov VV, Zakharova LY. Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Porphyrin and Metallosurfactant as a Drug Nanocontainer Design. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12121986. [PMID: 35745324 PMCID: PMC9228287 DOI: 10.3390/nano12121986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The combined method of treating malignant neoplasms using photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy is undoubtedly a promising and highly effective treatment method. The development and establishment of photodynamic cancer therapy is closely related to the creation of sensitizers based on porphyrins. The present study is devoted to the investigation of the spectroscopic, aggregation, and solubilization properties of the supramolecular system based on 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TSPP) and lanthanum-containing surfactant (LaSurf) in an aqueous medium. The latter is a complex of lanthanum nitrate and two cationic amphiphilic molecules of 4-aza-1-hexadecylazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bromide. The mixed TSPP–LaSurf complexes can spontaneously assemble into various nanostructures capable of binding the anticancer drug cisplatin. Morphological behavior, stability, and ability to drug binding of nanostructures can be tailored by varying the molar ratio and the concentration of components. The guest binding is shown to be additional factor controlling structural rearrangements and properties of the supramolecular TSPP–LaSurf complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan R. Kashapov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (Y.S.R.); (S.S.L.); (S.K.A.); (A.P.L.); (A.D.V.); (V.V.S.); (L.Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(843)-273-22-93
| | - Yuliya S. Razuvayeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (Y.S.R.); (S.S.L.); (S.K.A.); (A.P.L.); (A.D.V.); (V.V.S.); (L.Y.Z.)
| | - Svetlana S. Lukashenko
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (Y.S.R.); (S.S.L.); (S.K.A.); (A.P.L.); (A.D.V.); (V.V.S.); (L.Y.Z.)
| | - Syumbelya K. Amerhanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (Y.S.R.); (S.S.L.); (S.K.A.); (A.P.L.); (A.D.V.); (V.V.S.); (L.Y.Z.)
| | - Anna P. Lyubina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (Y.S.R.); (S.S.L.); (S.K.A.); (A.P.L.); (A.D.V.); (V.V.S.); (L.Y.Z.)
| | - Alexandra D. Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (Y.S.R.); (S.S.L.); (S.K.A.); (A.P.L.); (A.D.V.); (V.V.S.); (L.Y.Z.)
| | - Victor V. Syakaev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (Y.S.R.); (S.S.L.); (S.K.A.); (A.P.L.); (A.D.V.); (V.V.S.); (L.Y.Z.)
| | - Vadim V. Salnikov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Lucia Y. Zakharova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (Y.S.R.); (S.S.L.); (S.K.A.); (A.P.L.); (A.D.V.); (V.V.S.); (L.Y.Z.)
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6
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Chen MN, Zhuo S, Xing LB, Zou Q. Nanozymes based on coassembly of albumin and photosensitizer for photocontrolled RAFT polymerization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Gradova MA, Gradov OV, Zhdanova KA, Bragina NA, Lobanov AV. Self-assembly of amphiphilic meso-aryl-substituted porphyrin derivatives in the presence of surfactants. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461950175x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Surfactant-assisted self-assembly of porphyrin molecules in aqueous solutions sometimes leads to the formation of hybrid supramolecular structures with unusual photophysical properties resulting from the dipole–dipole interactions between the neighboring aromatic systems. The macrocycle orientation and interchromophore distance in such assemblies are determined by the dye–surfactant interactions, and hence, strongly depend on the molecular structure of both surfactant and porphyrin molecules. In this paper we studied the influence of the number and position of the peripheral alkyl chains of amphiphilic meso-aryl-substituted porphyrins on their aggregation behavior and intermolecular interactions with different surfactants in aqueous solutions. The studies revealed a crucial role of the local acidity on the micellar surface in the protolytic equilibrium of the porphyrin derivatives, as well as the influence of the macrocycle hydrophilic–lipophilic balance on its solubilization site within a micellar system. These findings enable prediction of the photophysical properties of amphiphilic porphyrin derivatives in the presence of different solubilizing agents and membrane-mimetic systems, and hence, selection the most suitable drug delivery systems for the novel amphiphilic porphyrin-based photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Gradova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin Street 4, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Gradov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin Street 4, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Kseniya A. Zhdanova
- MIREA — Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow, 119571, Russia
| | - Natalya A. Bragina
- MIREA — Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow, 119571, Russia
| | - Anton V. Lobanov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin Street 4, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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8
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Gradova MA, Zhdanova KA, Bragina NA, Lobanov AV, Mel´nikov MY. Aggregation state of amphiphilic cationic tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives in aqueous microheterogeneous systems. Russ Chem Bull 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-0937-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Gradova MA, Artemov VV, Lobanov AV. Aggregation behavior of tetraphenylporphyrin in aqueous surfactant solutions: Chiral premicellar J-aggregate formation. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424615500595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrin-surfactant interactions in aqueous solutions are known to result in the selfassembly of various supramolecular structures, including pigment-surfactant complexes, J- and H-aggregates, and solubilized dye species. Detailed studies on the mechanisms of the intermolecular interactions governing the above self-assembly processes allow to predict the aggregation state and hence, the photophysical properties of the dye-surfactant assemblies in order to perform a direct synthesis of the desired porphyrin-based nanostructures at the appropriate experimental conditions. This paper describes a novel example of the surfactant-induced J-aggregate formation from the diprotonated hydrophobic tetraphenylporphyrin species in submicellar aqueous anionic surfactant solutions. The above assemblies are characterized by a rod-like morphology and possess supramolecular chirality according to the CD measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Gradova
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin Str. 4, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Artemov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Anton V. Lobanov
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin Str. 4, Moscow 119991, Russia
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10
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Gradova MA, Lobanov AV. 5,10,15,20-Tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin J-aggregate self-assembly in submicellar aqueous sodium dodecylsulfate solutions. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Tolbin AY, Pushkarev VE, Sheinin VB, Shabunin SA, Tomilova LG. Self-assembly of 2-hydroxy-tri-tert-butylphthalocyaninato zinc into J-type dimer: UV-vis, DFT and spectropotentiometric study. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424613501186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of the base nature during complexation of 2-hydroxy-9(10),16(17),23(24)-tri-tert-butyl-29H,31H-phthalocyanine ligand (1) with zinc acetate was studied by the UV-vis spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The latter allowed us to explain the selective formation of double-coordinated J-type dimer in the presence of lithium methoxide. Spectropotentiometry was used to study the nucleophilic properties of the dimeric complex in comparison with the corresponding monomer and has demonstrated the strong intramolecular interactions of macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Yu. Tolbin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Victor E. Pushkarev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir B. Sheinin
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 153045 Ivanovo, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey A. Shabunin
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 153045 Ivanovo, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa G. Tomilova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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12
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Tolbin AY, Pushkarev VE, Balashova IO, Tomilova LG. Synthesis of a stable J-type dimer based on the 2-hydroxy- 9(10),16(17),23(24)-tri(tert-butyl)phthalocyanine zinc complex. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Santiago PS, Gandini SC, Moreira LM, Tabak M. Interaction of cationic water-soluble meso-tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridiniumyl)porphyrin (TMPyP) with ionic and nonionic micelles: aggregation and binding. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424608000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The equilibrium of meso-tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridiniumyl)porphyrin (TMPyP) in aqueous solution in the presence of surfactants was studied by optical spectroscopic techniques and SAXS (small angle X-ray scattering). Anionic SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), zwitterionic HPS (N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate) and nonionic TRITON X-100 (t-octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol), surfactants were used. TMPyP is characterized by a protonation equilibrium with a pKa around 1.0, associated with the diacid-free base transition, and a second pKa around 12.0 related with the transition between the free base and the monoanion form. Three independent species were observed for TMPyP at pH 6.0 as a function of SDS concentration: free TMPyP, TMPyP-SDS aggregates and porphyrin monomer bound to micelles. For HPS and TRITON X-100, the equilibrium of TMPyP as a function of pH is quite similar to that obtained in pure aqueous solution: no aggregation was observed, suggesting that electrostatic contribution is the major factor in the interaction between TMPyP and surfactants. SAXS data analysis demonstrated a prolate ellipsoidal shape for SDS micelles; no significant changes in shape and size were observed for SDS-TMPyP co-micelles. Moreover, the ionization coefficient, α, decreases with the increase of the porphyrin concentration, suggesting the "screening" of the anionic charge of SDS by the cationic porphyrin. These results are consistent with optical absorption, fluorescence and RLS (resonance light scattering) spectroscopies data, allowing to conclude that neutral surfactants present a smaller interaction with the cationic porphyrin as compared with an ionic surfactant. Therefore, the interaction of TMPyP with the ionic and nonionic surfactants is predominantly due to the electrostatic contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia S. Santiago
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, USP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Shirley C.M. Gandini
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, USP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Leonardo M. Moreira
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, USP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brasil
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcel Tabak
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, USP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brasil
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Ma H, Sun S, Chen X, Wu D, Zhu P, Du B, Wei Q. Spectroscopic studies of aggregation behavior of meso-tetra(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin in aqueous AOT solution. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424608000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of two amphiphilic porphyrins with anionic surfactant sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) in aqueous solutions were studied by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, resonance light scattering technique, fluorescence anisotropy and surface tension measurements. The two porphyrins, meso-tetra(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (THPP) and meso-tetra(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxylphenyl)porphyrin (T(DBHP)P), exist as irregular aggregates in aqueous solutions with a broad and low absorption peak near the maximum of monomer peak. The interaction of THPP with AOT leads to the formation of a fluorescent aggregate of porphyrin which was assigned as J-type aggregate according to exciton theory. A long red-shifted Soret band together with a new strong Q-band, a broad emission peak and a sharply peaked resonance light scattering signal are observed for this J-aggregate. The formation of J-aggregate is independent of the initial THPP concentration and can be influenced greatly by ionic strength. The aggregation kinetics has been investigated by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence anisotropy. Conversion of the porphyrin monomers to J-aggregate is observed. The addition of THPP increases the surface tension of solution and changes the critical micelle concentration of AOT. J-aggregate was not observed for T(DBHP)P in AOT solutions which only shows solubilization. The mechanism of aggregation was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Shuting Sun
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Peihua Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Qin Wei
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
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15
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Hassanpour A, Azani MR, Bordbar AK. Solution properties of sodium n-dodecyl sulfate in the presence of meso-tetrakis (N-methylpyridinium-4-yl) porphyrin. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2011.55.3.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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George RC, Egharevba GO, Nyokong T. Spectroscopic studies of nanostructures of negatively charged free base porphyrin and positively charged tin porphyrins. Polyhedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2010.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Wang YT, Jin WJ. H-aggregation of cationic palladium-porphyrin as a function of anionic surfactant studied using phosphorescence, absorption and RLS spectra. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 70:871-877. [PMID: 18032095 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) was used as a useful analytical tool to investigate the interaction behavior between tetracationic meso-tetrakis (4-trimethylaminophenyl) porphyrin palladium (Pd-TAPP) and anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). UV-vis absorption and resonance light scattering (RLS) were further applied to characterize the system. It was presumably suggested that nonspecific self-aggregates among porphyrins formed considering the relatively high concentration of Pd-TAPP. Furthermore, Pd-TAPP changed from free monomer/nonspecific aggregate to H-aggregate and then to out-micellized monomer/nonspecific aggregate as a function of SDS concentration. The fact that RTP signal enhanced obviously and excitation spectrum was blue-shifted by 1580cm(-1) in energy with respect to energy of free Pd-TAPP monomer demonstrated that 1:4 electrostatic interaction between Pd-TAPP and SDS led to the formation of the premicellar porphyrin-surfactant H-aggregates. The RLS spectrum reviewed that the formed H-aggregates were multiple porphyrin units, and UV-vis spectra revealed that cationic groups of monomers/nonspecific aggregates of Pd-TAPP were electrostatically attracted in favor of the surface of anionic micelles but were not encapsulated within apolar regions of SDS micelles when the concentration of SDS was above its critical micelle concentration (CMC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Te Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
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18
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Moreira LM, Vieira dos Santos F, Lyon JP, Maftoum-Costa M, Pacheco-Soares C, Soares da Silva N. Photodynamic Therapy: Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines as Photosensitizers. Aust J Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1071/ch08145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present work is focussed on the principles of photodynamic therapy (PDT), emphasizing the photochemical mechanisms of reactive oxygen species formation and the consequent biochemical processes generated by the action of reactive oxygen species on various biological macromolecules and organelles. This paper also presents some of the most used photosensitizers, including Photofrin, and the new prototypes of photosensitizers, analysing their physicochemical and spectroscopic properties. At this point, the review discusses the therapeutic window of absorption of specific wavelengths involving first- and second-generation photosensitizers, as well as the principal light sources used in PDT. Additionally, the aggregation process, which consists in a phenomenon common to several photosensitizers, is studied. J-aggregates and H-aggregates are discussed, along with their spectroscopic effects. Most photosensitizers have a significant hydrophobic character; thus, the study of the types of aggregation in aqueous solvent is very relevant. Important aspects of the coordination chemistry of metalloporphyrins and metallophthalocyanines used as photosensitizers are also discussed. The state-of-the-art in PDT is evaluated, discussing recent articles in this area. Furthermore, macrocyclic photosensitizers, such as porphyrins and phthalocyanines, are specifically described. The present review is an important contribution, because PDT is one of the most auspicious advances in the therapy against cancer and other non-malignant diseases.
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