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Wang X, Zhang Y, Gui S, Huang J, Cao J, Li Z, Li Q, Chu X. Characterization of Lipid-Based Lyotropic Liquid Crystal and Effects of Guest Molecules on Its Microstructure: a Systematic Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2023-2040. [PMID: 29869308 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) are conventionally divided into thermotropic or lyotropic, based on the organization and sequence of the controlled molecular system. Lipid-based lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC), such as lamellar (Lα), bicontinuous cubic (QII), or hexagonal (HII) phases, have attracted wide interest in the last few decades due to their practical potential in diverse applications and notable structural complexity. Various guest molecules, such as biopharmaceuticals, chemicals, and additives, can be solubilized in either aqueous or oily phase. And the LLC microstructure can be altered to affect the rate of drug release eventually. To utilize these microstructural variations to adjust the drug release in drug delivery system (DDS), it is crucial to understand the structure variations of the LLC caused by different types of guest molecules. Therefore, in this article, we review the effect of guest molecules on lipid-based LLC microstructures. In particular, we focus on the different characterization methods to evaluate this change caused by guest substances, such as polarized light microscopy (PLM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), self-diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance (SD-NMR), and so on.
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Godoy CA, Valiente M, Pons R, Montalvo G. Effect of fatty acids on self-assembly of soybean lecithin systems. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 131:21-8. [PMID: 25938851 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing interest in natural formulations for drug administration and functional foods, it is desirable a good knowledge of the phase behavior of lecithin/fatty acid formulations. Phase structure and properties of ternary lecithin/fatty acids/water systems are studied at 37°C, making emphasis in regions with relatively low water and fatty acid content. The effect of fatty acid saturation degree on the phase microstructure is studied by comparing a fully saturated (palmitic acid, C16:0), monounsaturated (oleic acid, C18:1), and diunsaturated (linoleic acid, C18:2) fatty acids. Phase determinations are based on a combination of polarized light microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements. Interestingly, unsaturated (oleic acid and linoleic acid) fatty acid destabilizes the lamellar bilayer. Slight differences are observed between the phase diagrams produced by the unsaturated ones: small lamellar, medium cubic and large hexagonal regions. A narrow isotropic fluid region also appears on the lecithin-fatty acid axis, up to 8wt% water. In contrast, a marked difference in phase microsctructure was observed between unsaturated and saturated systems in which the cubic and isotropic fluid phases are not formed. These differences are, probably, a consequence of the high Krafft point of the C16 saturated chains that imply rather rigid chains. However, unsaturated fatty acids result in more flexible tails. The frequent presence of, at least, one unsaturated chain in phospholipids makes it very likely a better mixing situation than in the case of more rigid chains. This swelling potential favors the formation of reverse hexagonal, cubic, and micellar phases. Both unsaturated fatty acid systems evolve by aging, with a reduction of the extension of reverse hexagonal phase and migration of the cubic phase to lower fatty acid and water contents. The kinetic stability of the systems seems to be controlled by the unsaturation of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Godoy
- Departamento de Ingeniería de los procesos Agroalimentarios y Biotecnológicos (GIPAB), Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360 Cali, Colombia
| | - M Valiente
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Pons
- Department de Tecnologia Química i de Tensioactius, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya, IQAC-CSIC, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Montalvo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP), University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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Montalvo G, Pons R, Zhang G, Díaz M, Valiente M. Structure and phase equilibria of the soybean lecithin/PEG 40 monostearate/water system. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:14369-79. [PMID: 24205925 DOI: 10.1021/la402764w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PEG stearates are extensively used as emulsifiers in many lipid-based formulations. However, the scheme of the principles of the lipid-surfactant polymer interactions are still poorly understood and need more studies. A new phase diagram of a lecithin/PEG 40 monostearate/water system at 30 °C is reported. First, we have characterized the binary PEG 40 monostearate/water system by the determination of the critical micelle concentration value and the viscous properties. Then, the ternary phase behavior and the influence of phase structure on their macroscopic properties are studied by a combination of different techniques, namely, optical microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, and rheology. The phase behavior is complex, and some samples evolve even at long times. The single monophasic regions correspond to micellar, swollen lamellar, and lamellar gel phases. The existence of extended areas of phase coexistence (hexagonal, cubic, and lamellar liquid crystalline phases) may be a consequence of the low miscibility of S40P in the lecithin bilayer as well as of the segregation of the phospholipid polydisperse hydrophobic chains. The presence of the PEG 40 monostearate has less effect in the transformation to the cubic phase for lecithin than that found in other systems with simple glycerol-based lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Montalvo
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá , E28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
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Berchel M, Mériadec C, Lemiègre L, Artzner F, Jeftić J, Benvegnu T. Supramolecular Structures Based on New Bolaamphiphile Molecules Investigated by Small Angle and Wide Angle X-ray Scattering and Polarized Optical Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:15433-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp905747r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Berchel
- UMR CNRS 6226, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Equipe Chimie Organique et Supramoléculaire, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes cedex 7, France, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6251, Université Rennes 1, 263, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France, and Université Européenne de Bretagne, 5 boulevard Laënnec, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Cristelle Mériadec
- UMR CNRS 6226, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Equipe Chimie Organique et Supramoléculaire, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes cedex 7, France, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6251, Université Rennes 1, 263, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France, and Université Européenne de Bretagne, 5 boulevard Laënnec, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Loïc Lemiègre
- UMR CNRS 6226, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Equipe Chimie Organique et Supramoléculaire, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes cedex 7, France, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6251, Université Rennes 1, 263, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France, and Université Européenne de Bretagne, 5 boulevard Laënnec, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Franck Artzner
- UMR CNRS 6226, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Equipe Chimie Organique et Supramoléculaire, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes cedex 7, France, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6251, Université Rennes 1, 263, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France, and Université Européenne de Bretagne, 5 boulevard Laënnec, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jelena Jeftić
- UMR CNRS 6226, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Equipe Chimie Organique et Supramoléculaire, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes cedex 7, France, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6251, Université Rennes 1, 263, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France, and Université Européenne de Bretagne, 5 boulevard Laënnec, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Benvegnu
- UMR CNRS 6226, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Equipe Chimie Organique et Supramoléculaire, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes cedex 7, France, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6251, Université Rennes 1, 263, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France, and Université Européenne de Bretagne, 5 boulevard Laënnec, 35000 Rennes, France
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