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Demisli S, Galani E, Goulielmaki M, Kyrilis FL, Ilić T, Hamdi F, Crevar M, Kastritis PL, Pletsa V, Nallet F, Savić S, Xenakis A, Papadimitriou V. Encapsulation of cannabidiol in oil-in-water nanoemulsions and nanoemulsion-filled hydrogels: A structure and biological assessment study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:300-313. [PMID: 36535166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Lipophilic cannabidiol can be solubilized in oil-in water nanoemulsions, which can then be impregnated into chitosan hydrogels forming another colloidal system that will facilitate cannabidiol's release. The delivery from both systems was compared, alongside structural and biological studies, to clarify the effect of the two carriers' structure on the release and toxicity of the systems. EXPERIMENTS Oil-in-water nanoemulsions (NEs) and the respective nanoemulsion-filled chitosan hydrogels (NE/HGs) were formulated as carriers of cannabidiol (CBD). Size, polydispersity and stability of the NEs were evaluated and then membrane dynamics, shape and structure of both systems were investigated with EPR spin probing, SAXS and microscopy. Biocompatibility of the colloidal delivery systems was evaluated through cytotoxicity tests over normal human skin fibroblasts. An ex vivo permeation protocol using porcine ear skin was implemented to assess the release of CBD and its penetration through the skin. FINDINGS Incorporation of the NEs in chitosan hydrogels does not significantly affect their structural properties as evidenced through SAXS, EPR and confocal microscopy. These findings indicate the successful development of a novel nanocarrier that preserves the NE structure with the CBD remaining encapsulated in the oil core while providing new rheological properties advantageous over NEs. Moreover, NE/HGs proved to be more efficient as a carrier for the release of CBD. Cell viability assessment revealed high biocompatibility of the proposed colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiria Demisli
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleni Galani
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Fotios L Kyrilis
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tanja Ilić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Farzad Hamdi
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Milkica Crevar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Vasiliki Pletsa
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Frédéric Nallet
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP) UMR 5031 CNRS, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Snežana Savić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aristotelis Xenakis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
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Li X, Hong B, Schwiedernoch R, Streiff S, Xu Y. Self-assembly of Symmetric Double Chain Surfactants Derived from Internal Ketone in an Aqueous System. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Bing Hong
- Eco-Efficient Products and Processes Laboratory (E2P2L) Solvay (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201108, P. R. China
| | - Renate Schwiedernoch
- Eco-Efficient Products and Processes Laboratory (E2P2L) Solvay (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201108, P. R. China
| | - Stéphane Streiff
- Eco-Efficient Products and Processes Laboratory (E2P2L) Solvay (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201108, P. R. China
| | - Yisheng Xu
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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de Jesus Santos A, Macêdo NA, de Holanda Cavalcanti SC, Sarmento VHV, Moreira Lira AA, Dos Santos CP, La Corte Santos R, Souza Nunes RD. Larvicidal formulation containing N-tosylindole: A viable alternative to chemical control of Aedes aegypti. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 213:112380. [PMID: 35151995 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is currently a major public health problem. This mosquito is responsible for the spread of infectious diseases that have been causing epidemics worldwide. Surfactant-stabilized systems, such as microemulsions, liquid-crystalline precursors and liquid crystals, are promising sustained delivery formulations of hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. These systems are biocompatible water-soluble reservoirs for N-tosylindole exhibiting biological activity against Aedes aegypti Linn. (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae. The ternary diagram displayed four regions: microemulsion (ME), liquid crystal (LC), emulsion (EM) and phase separation (PS). PLM and SAXS distinguished microemulsions, lamellar and hexagonal phase liquid crystals. The system had a lethal concentration of 50% (LC50 = 0.1 ppm, 0.36 µM) lower than pure N-tosylindole (0.24 ppm, 0.88 µM), which has limitations in aqueous media. Furthermore, the formulation displayed no toxicity to Artemia sp., a non-target organism. The system exhibited excellent larvicidal activity as an alternative to commercial larvicides that have shown resistance and toxicity to the environment by Ae. aegypti larvae due to prolonged use. In addition, a two-fold increase in potency was observed.
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Nanoparticle Formation in Stable Microemulsions for Enhanced Oil Recovery Application. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Geng W, Liu S, Guo J, Zhang L. Decrease in hydrophilicity and inhibition moisture re-adsorption of lignite using binary surfactant mixtures with different hydrophilic head-groups. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Spontaneous Formation of Flavor Oil Emulsions by Using Sucrose Esters and Emulsion Stability Study. FOOD BIOPHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-018-9555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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The flotation and adsorption of mixed collectors on oxide and silicate minerals. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 250:1-14. [PMID: 29150015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of flotation and adsorption of mixed collectors on oxide and silicate minerals is of great importance for both industrial applications and theoretical research. Over the past years, significant progress has been achieved in understanding the adsorption of single collectors in micelles as well as at interfaces. By contrast, the self-assembly of mixed collectors at liquid/air and solid/liquid interfaces remains a developing area as a result of the complexity of the mixed systems involved and the limited availability of suitable analytical techniques. In this work, we systematically review the processes involved in the adsorption of mixed collectors onto micelles and at interface by examining four specific points, namely, theoretical background, factors that affect adsorption, analytical techniques, and self-assembly of mixed surfactants at the mineral/liquid interface. In the first part, the theoretical background of collector mixtures is introduced, together with several core solution theories, which are classified according to their application in the analysis of physicochemical properties of mixed collector systems. In the second part, we discuss the factors that can influence adsorption, including factors related to the structure of collectors and environmental conditions. We summarize their influence on the adsorption of mixed systems, with the objective to provide guidance on the progress achieved in this field to date. Advances in measurement techniques can greatly promote our understanding of adsorption processes. In the third part, therefore, modern techniques such as optical reflectometry, neutron scattering, neutron reflectometry, thermogravimetric analysis, fluorescence spectroscopy, ultrafiltration, atomic force microscopy, analytical ultracentrifugation, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations are introduced in virtue of their application. Finally, focusing on oxide and silicate minerals, we review and summarize the flotation and adsorption of three most widely used mixed surfactant systems (anionic-cationic, anionic-nonionic, and cationic-nonionic) at the liquid/mineral interface in order to fully understand the self-assembly progress. In the end, the paper gives a brief future outlook of the possible development in the mixed surfactants.
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Fadel O, Girard L, Gomes Rodrigues D, Bauduin P, Le Goff X, Rossignol-Castera A, L'Hermitte A, Diat O. Micellization in vegetable oils: A structural characterisation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 154:279-286. [PMID: 28351800 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The solubilisation of polar and polyphenol antioxidant in vegetable oils was studied. It was shown that the use of a polyglyceryl-3-diisostearate (PG3DS), a bio-sourced emulsifier well known in cosmetics, increases the yield of solubilisation thanks to some aggregation properties analysed using x-ray scattering technique. We show indeed that PG3DS forms reverse aggregates with a critical concentration that depends on the oil polarity. PG3DS reverse aggregates are elongated with a polar core and cannot be really swollen by addition of water. This supramolecular organisation allows however an efficient solubilisation of polar antioxidants in vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Fadel
- Institut de Chimie Separative de Marcoule, UMR 5257 (CEA, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM), BP17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Luc Girard
- Institut de Chimie Separative de Marcoule, UMR 5257 (CEA, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM), BP17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Donatien Gomes Rodrigues
- Institut de Chimie Separative de Marcoule, UMR 5257 (CEA, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM), BP17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Pierre Bauduin
- Institut de Chimie Separative de Marcoule, UMR 5257 (CEA, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM), BP17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Xavier Le Goff
- Institut de Chimie Separative de Marcoule, UMR 5257 (CEA, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM), BP17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | | | - Annabelle L'Hermitte
- OLEOS SA/Hallstar France, 50 rue du Rajol, Fréjorgues Est, 34130 Mauguio, France
| | - Olivier Diat
- Institut de Chimie Separative de Marcoule, UMR 5257 (CEA, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM), BP17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France.
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Xavier-Junior FH, Vauthier C, Morais ARV, Alencar EN, Egito EST. Microemulsion systems containing bioactive natural oils: an overview on the state of the art. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 43:700-714. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1235186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sahu A, Choudhury S, Bera A, Kar S, Kumar S, Mandal A. Anionic–Nonionic Mixed Surfactant Systems: Micellar Interaction and Thermodynamic Behavior. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2014.958852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Fasolin L, Santana R, Cunha R. Influence of organic acids on surfactant self-assemblies in surfactant/oil/water systems. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chu J, Cheng YL, Rao AV, Nouraei M, Zarate-Muñoz S, Acosta EJ. Lecithin-linker formulations for self-emulsifying delivery of nutraceuticals. Int J Pharm 2014; 471:92-102. [PMID: 24810240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Lecithin-linker microemulsions are formulations produced with soybean lecithin in combination with a highly lipophilic (lipophilic linker) and highly hydrophilic (hydrophilic linkers) surfactant-like additives. In this work, lecithin-linker systems were formulated to produce self-emulsifying delivery systems for β-carotene and β-sitosterol. The concentration of the lipophilic linker, sorbitan monooleate, was adjusted to minimize the formation of liquid crystals. The concentration of hydrophilic linkers, decaglyceryl caprylate/caprate and PEG-6-caprylic/capric glycerides, was gradually increased (scanned) until single phase clear microemulsions were obtained. For these scans, the oil (ethyl caprate) to water ratio was set to 1. The single phase, clear microemulsions were diluted with fed-state simulated intestinal fluid (FeSSIF) and produced stable emulsions, with drop sizes close to 200 nm. Using pseudo-ternary phase diagrams to evaluate the process of dilution of microemulsion preconcentrates (mixtures of oil, lecithin and linkers with little or no water) with FeSSIF, it was determined that self-emulsifying systems are obtained when the early stages of the dilution produce single phase microemulsions. If liquid crystals or multiple phase systems are obtained during those early stages, then the emulsification yields unstable emulsions with large drop sizes. An in vitro permeability study conducted using a Flow-Thru Dialyzer revealed that stable emulsions with drop sizes of 150-300 nm produce large and irreversible permeation of β-carotene to sheep intestine. On the other hand, unstable emulsions produced without the linker combination separated in the dialyzer chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelene Chu
- University of Toronto, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, 200 College Street, Room 131, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Yu-Ling Cheng
- University of Toronto, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, 200 College Street, Room 131, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - A Venketeshwer Rao
- University of Toronto, Department of Nutritional Sciences, 150 College Street, Room 315, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Mehdi Nouraei
- University of Toronto, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, 200 College Street, Room 131, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Silvia Zarate-Muñoz
- University of Toronto, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, 200 College Street, Room 131, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Edgar J Acosta
- University of Toronto, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, 200 College Street, Room 131, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.
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Sirén H, Vesanen S, Suomi J. Separation of steroids using vegetable oils in microemulsion electrokinetic capillary chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 945-946:199-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sahle FF, Wohlrab J, Neubert RHH. Controlled penetration of ceramides into and across the stratum corneum using various types of microemulsions and formulation associated toxicity studies. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 86:244-50. [PMID: 23896195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Several skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis are associated with the depletion or disturbance of stratum corneum (SC) lipids such as ceramides (CERs), free fatty acids and cholesterol. Studies suggested that replenishment of these lipids might help to treat diseased, affected or aged skin. With this premises in mind, there are some formulations in the market that contain SC lipids and currently, to facilitate permeation of the lipids deep into the SC, various CERs, and other SC lipid microemulsions (MEs) were developed and characterised using lecithin or TEGO® CARE PL 4 (TCPL4) as base surfactants. However, to date, there are no reports that involve the permeability of SC lipids into and across the SC, and therefore, the penetration of CER [NP] as a model ceramide from various formulations was investigated ex vivo using Franz diffusion cell. Besides, the toxicity of the MEs was assessed using hen's egg test chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM). The results of the study showed that CER [NP] could not permeate into deeper layers of the SC from a conventional hydrophilic cream. Unlike the cream, CER [NP] permeated into the deeper layers of the SC from both type of MEs, where permeation of the CER was more and into deeper layers from droplet type and lecithin-based MEs than bicontinuous (BC) type and TCPL4 based MEs, respectively. The CER also permeated into deeper layers from ME gels which was, however, shallow and to a lesser extent when compared with the MEs. The results of HET-CAM showed that both MEs are safe to be used topically, with lecithin-based MEs exhibiting better safety profiles than TCPL4 based MEs. Concluding, the study showed that the MEs are safe to be used on the skin for the controlled penetration of CER [NP] deep into the SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitsum F Sahle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Johannes Wohlrab
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Reinhard H H Neubert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Kundu K, Paul BK. Physicochemical Investigation of Biocompatible Mixed Surfactant Reverse Micelles: III. Aqueous NaCl Solubilization, Thermodynamic Parameters of Desolubilization Process and Conductometric Studies. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-013-1473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sahle FF, Metz H, Wohlrab J, Neubert RHH. Lecithin-based microemulsions for targeted delivery of ceramide AP into the stratum corneum: formulation, characterizations, and in vitro release and penetration studies. Pharm Res 2012; 30:538-51. [PMID: 23135817 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0899-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve the solubility and penetration of Ceramide AP (CER [AP]) into the stratum corneum that potentially restores the barrier function of aged and affected skin. METHODS CER [AP] microemulsions (MEs) were formulated using lecithin, Miglyol® 812 (miglyol) and water-1,2 pentandiol (PeG) mixture as amphiphilic, oily and hydrophilic components, respectively. The nanostructure of the MEs was revealed using electrical conductivity, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques. Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) was used to measure the sizes and shape of ME droplets. The release and penetration of the CER into the stratum corneum was investigated in vitro using a multi-layer membrane model. RESULTS The MEs exhibited excellent thermodynamic stability (>2 years) and loading capacity (0.5% CER [AP]). The pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of the MEs were obtained and PCS results showed that the droplets are spherical in shape and bigger in size. In vitro investigations showed that the MEs exhibited excellent rate and extent of release and penetration. CONCLUSIONS Stable lecithin-based CER [AP] MEs that significantly enhance the solubility and penetration of CER [AP] into the stratum corneum were developed. The MEs also have better properties than the previously reported polyglycerol fatty acid surfactant-based CER [AP] MEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitsum F Sahle
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Technology & Biopharmaceutics Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Sahle FF, Metz H, Wohlrab J, Neubert RHH. Polyglycerol fatty acid ester surfactant-based microemulsions for targeted delivery of ceramide AP into the stratum corneum: formulation, characterisation, in vitro release and penetration investigation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 82:139-50. [PMID: 22691416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide AP (CER [AP]) is an integral component of the stratum corneum (SC) lipid matrix and is capable of forming tough and super stable lamellae. It may help to restore the barrier function in aged and affected skin. However, its effectiveness from conventional dosage forms is limited due to its poor solubility and penetration into the SC. Therefore, stable polyglycerol fatty acid ester surfactant (SAA)-based CER [AP] microemulsions (MEs) were formulated and characterised to enhance its solubilisation and penetration into the SC. TEGO® CARE PL 4 (TCPL4: polyglycerol-4-laurate), isopropyl palmitate (IPP) and water-1, 2 pentandiol (PeG) were used as amphiphilic, oily and hydrophilic components, respectively. The effects of HYDRIOL® PGMO.4 (HPGMO4: polyglyceryl-4-oleate) as a co-surfactant (co-SAA) and linoleic acid (Lin A) as part of the oil component on the stability and characteristics of the MEs were investigated. EPR results were used for the first time to reveal MEs nanostructures. The release and penetration behaviour of the MEs was assessed in vitro by using a multi-layer membrane model. The results obtained showed that HPGMO4 and Lin A increased stability and expanded the ME region considerably. The formulations were stable for 10 to >24 months. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) results showed that the droplets were bigger and asymmetric, which might be helpful to localise the CER into the upper layers of the epidermis. Release and penetration from the MEs was superior as compared to the hydrophilic cream (DAB). The rate and extent of CER [AP] released and penetrated from O/W MEs was better than W/O MEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitsum F Sahle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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de Castro Santana R, Fasolin LH, da Cunha RL. Effects of a cosurfactant on the shear-dependent structures of systems composed of biocompatible ingredients. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fanun M. Solubilization of Azithromycin in Microemulsions Based on Mixed Nonionic Surfactants and Mixed Oils. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2011.561156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Fanun M, Papadimitriou V, Xenakis A. Characterization of cephalexin loaded nonionic microemulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 361:115-21. [PMID: 21658706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Water/propylene glycol/sucrose laurate/ethoxylated mono-di-glyceride/isopropyl myristate/peppermint oil U-type microemulsions were used to solubilize cephalexin. Microemulsion dilution and interfacial factors contributing to the cephalexin solubilization were evaluated. Cephalexin solubilization capacity increases with the increase in the aqueous phase volume fraction (φ) up to 0.4 then decreases. Electrical conductivity of drug loaded and drug free microemulsions increases with φ. The hydrodynamic radius measured by dynamic light scattering of the oil-in-water loaded microemulsions decreases with temperature. The microemulsions were characterized by the volumetric parameters, density, excess volume, ultrasonic velocity and isentropic compressibility. The microemulsion densities increase with φ up to 0.8 then decrease. The excess volume decreases with φ up to 0.8 then stabilizes. Ultrasonic velocities increase with the increase in φ while isentropic compressibility decreases. Analysis of the volumetric parameters enabled the characterization of structural transition along the microemulsion phase region. The presence of water-in-oil, bicontinuous and oil-in-water microemulsions, at aqueous phase volume fractions below 0.2, between 0.3 and 0.7 and above 0.8, respectively were found. Interfacial properties and dynamic structure of the monolayer for drug loaded and drug free microemulsions, were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy employing the nitroxide spin probe 5-doxylstearic acid. The rigidity of the interface was affected by the water content and also the presence of cephalexin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monzer Fanun
- Colloids and Surfaces Research Center, Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, Palestine
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