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Song F, Chen R, Wang G, Fan J, Niu H. Coalescence and Break-Up Behaviors of Nanodroplets under AC Electric Field. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073064. [PMID: 37049826 PMCID: PMC10096076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Water must be separated from water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion because of the corrosion it brings to the relative equipment in the process of transportation and storage. It is an effective method to apply external electric field to achieve high performance of separating small, dispersed water droplets from W/O emulsion; however, the coalescing micromechanism of such small salty droplets under AC electric field is unclear. In this paper, molecular dynamics simulation was adopted to investigate the coalescence and separation process of two NaCl-aqueous droplets under AC electric field and discuss the effect of AC electric field frequency, as well as the time required for contacting, the critical electric field strength, the dynamic coalescence process and the stability of the final merged droplet. The results show that the critical electric field strength of the droplet coalescence increases with the increase of frequency, while the time required for droplet contacting becomes shorter. The shrinkage function curve was applied to characterize the droplet coalescence effect and it was found that the droplets coalescence and form a nearly spherical droplet under the AC electric field with a frequency of 1.25 GHz and strength of 0.5 V/nm. When the electric field frequency is 10 GHZ, the merged droplet presents a periodic fluctuation with the same period as the AC electric field, which mainly depends on the periodic movement of cations and anions under the AC electric field. The results can provide theoretical basis for the practical application of electrostatic demulsification technology in the petroleum or chemical industry from the microscopic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenhong Song
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Ruifeng Chen
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Jing Fan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Hu Niu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
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2
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Numerical simulation of dynamic characteristics of droplet in oil under a CPPM electric field. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Yang D, Wu H, Sun H, He L, Guo Y. Ultra-high frequency and Self-adaptive voltage technology for water separation from oil emulsion. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Li N, Sun Z, Fan Y, Liu W, Guo Y, Li B, Wang Z. Understanding the breakup mechanism of a droplet under a DC electric field with molecular dynamics simulations and weak interaction analysis. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Huang X, He L, Luo X, Xu K, Lü Y, Yang D. Charge-Transfer-Induced Noncoalescence and Chain Formation of Free Droplets under a Pulsed DC Electric Field. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:14255-14267. [PMID: 33206532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoalescence technology is an important method for the demulsification of crude oil emulsion, but its development is restricted by the short circuit caused by droplet chain formation. To reveal the formation mechanism of droplet chains, the electrocoalescence behaviors of two droplets and droplet clusters under pulsed direct current (DC) electric fields are experimentally studied. The two droplets usually successively undergo complete coalescence, partial coalescence, and noncoalescence as the electric field strength increases. The critical electric field strengths for complete coalescence under pulsed DC electric fields with different frequencies are obtained. The effects of the electric field waveform and frequency on the noncoalescence characteristics of two droplets and the stability of droplet chains are explored. The droplet chains under a high-frequency electric field are more stable and longer than those under a low-frequency electric field due to the reduction of the movement distance and the generation of daughter droplets from tip streaming. The reversal of the composition of electric forces due to charge transfer is the fundamental mechanism of noncoalescence of two droplets and chain formation in the emulsion under a pulsed DC electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Limin He
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- Surface Engineering Pilot Test Center, China National Petroleum Corporation, Daqing 163000, China
| | - Xiaoming Luo
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- Surface Engineering Pilot Test Center, China National Petroleum Corporation, Daqing 163000, China
| | - Ke Xu
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yuling Lü
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- Surface Engineering Pilot Test Center, China National Petroleum Corporation, Daqing 163000, China
| | - Donghai Yang
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- Surface Engineering Pilot Test Center, China National Petroleum Corporation, Daqing 163000, China
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6
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Yang SH, Im DJ. Effect of Deformation on Droplet Contact Charge Electrophoresis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10379-10386. [PMID: 32787128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of deformation on the droplet contact charge electrophoresis (CCEP) was investigated for consistent droplet movement control. Through systematic experiments and numerical simulations, it has been found that overcharging by deformation is up to about 130% of the sphere and is mainly driven by the concentration of the electric field near the tip of the droplet rather than an increase in the surface area. Dimensional analysis revealed a consistent droplet CCEP motion with the electric capillary number range of 0.01-0.09. We also found that the dimensionless droplet charge follows a universal curve proportional to the electric capillary number, regardless of the droplet size, and the weak dependence on the droplet size shown in the experimental results is due to hydrodynamic effects, not electrostatic ones. Changes in droplet velocity distribution with droplet size and the electric capillary number were also investigated. Using the perfect conductor theory and Stokes law, we derived an analytical relationship between the droplet center velocity and the electric capillary number and analyzed the experimental results based on this relationship. This study implies that if proper hydrodynamic correction is applied, the droplet CCEP and its deformation effect can be explained by a perfect conductor theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hwan Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - Do Jin Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, South Korea
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7
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Song F, Niu H, Fan J, Chen Q, Wang G, Liu L. Molecular dynamics study on the coalescence and break-up behaviors of ionic droplets under DC electric field. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Im DJ. Wall Effects on Hydrodynamic Drag and the Corresponding Accuracy of Charge Measurement in Droplet Contact Charge Electrophoresis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:4785-4794. [PMID: 32264683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Droplet size dependent wall effects on hydrodynamic drag and the corresponding droplet contact charge estimations were experimentally and theoretically investigated. The consistent reduction in the dimensionless droplet contact charges proportional to droplet size was reported and explained by the parallel and approaching wall effects on the drag coefficient. Extrapolation of the size dependent droplet charge data showed that the droplet charge follows the perfect conductor theory when the droplet radius approaches zero. The proposed model was applied to the drag calculation to estimate and compare dimensionless charges before and after consideration of the wall effects. The droplet free fall test concluded that the droplets in the current experimental setup follow Stokes' law. The theoretical velocity profile of the droplet approaching the wall perpendicularly is proposed considering the approaching wall effect on hydrodynamic drag and verified by comparison with the experiment. The droplet size dependent velocity profile shape change was also explained by this approaching wall effect. The shape of the asymmetric velocity profile along the direction of droplet movement was explained by the effect of the image charge through direct numerical calculation of the electric force. The direct calculation of the electric force also showed that the electric correction at the center of the cuvette is negligible; thus, it is sufficient to consider only hydrodynamic correction for accurate charge measurement in this experimental system. The present study will contribute to the accurate measurement of the droplet charges under contact charge electrophoresis. It also provides the basis for precise control of droplet movement in lab-on-a-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Jin Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, South Korea, 48513
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9
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Sun Y, Yang D, He L, Luo X, Lü Y. Influence of alkali concentration, electric waveform, and frequency on the critical electric field strength of droplet–interface partial coalescence. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Zhou Y, Dong H, Yang Z, Liu Y. Break-up behavior of droplets containing chlorine salt with the same valence cation under electric field via molecular dynamics simulation. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2019.1650756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
| | - Hang Dong
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
| | - Zhuojun Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
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11
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Dong H, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Liu T, Li M, Yang Z. Mechanism investigation of coalescence behaviors of conducting droplets by molecular dynamics simulations. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Zhou Y, Dong H, Liu YH, Yang ZJ, Liu T, Li M. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Electrocoalescence Behaviors of Two Unequally Sized Conducting Droplets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6578-6584. [PMID: 31045371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The electrocoalescence of droplets plays a crucial role in various fields. However, studies on the effects of droplet radius on the electrocoalescence behaviors of droplets have not been conducted until now. In this work, the electrocoalescence behaviors of two unequally sized conducting droplets are investigated via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The influences of electric field strength and droplet radius on the electrocoalescence behaviors of two unequally sized droplets are investigated. When the electric field strength increases, the contact cone angle between the droplets increases, and the two droplets are more likely to partially coalesce and bounce. When the radius of the smaller droplet between the two droplets increases at the same electric field strength, the contact cone angle, daughter droplet size, and ions in the daughter droplet increase, whereas the critical electric field strength ( Ed) for generating the daughter droplet decreases. Furthermore, the daughter droplet is ejected from the smaller droplet when the two droplets have different radii.
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13
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Gong H, Yu B, Peng Y, Dai F. Promoting coalescence of droplets in oil subjected to pulsed electric fields: changing and matching optimal electric field intensity and frequency for demulsification. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2018.1505525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Gong
- Engineering Research Centre for Waster Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment of Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Bao Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Peng
- Engineering Research Centre for Waster Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment of Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Dai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
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14
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Yang SH, Im DJ. Electrostatic Origins of the Positive and Negative Charging Difference in the Contact Charge Electrophoresis of a Water Droplet. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:13740-13748. [PMID: 29131964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The positive and negative charging difference in the contact charge electrophoresis of a water droplet suspended in oil was investigated to find out the origin of this charging difference. Through numerous experiments and numerical analysis, the charging difference has been found to be mainly originated from electrostatic sources. Two electrostatic sources were found in the present experimental setup, and by excluding those two sources the charging difference was successfully diminished. The present findings well explain previous experimental results and also provide design guidelines for consistent droplet movement control in contact charge electrophoresis-based digital microfluidic systems. Finally, further discussions on the obtained results, its implications, and future work are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hwan Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University , 365, Sinseon-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 608-739, Korea
| | - Do Jin Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University , 365, Sinseon-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 608-739, Korea
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15
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Li B, Fan Y, Sun Z, Wang Z, Zhu L. Effects of high-frequency pulsed electrical field and operating parameters on dehydration of SAGD produced ultra-heavy oil. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Review of the Dynamics of Coalescence and Demulsification by High-Voltage Pulsed Electric Fields. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/2492453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The coalescence of droplets in oil can be implemented rapidly by high-voltage pulse electric field, which is an effective demulsification dehydration technological method. At present, it is widely believed that the main reason of pulse electric field promoting droplets coalescence is the dipole coalescence and oscillation coalescence in pulse electric field, and the optimal coalescence pulse electric field parameters exist. Around the above content, the dynamics of high-voltage pulse electric field promoting the coalescence of emulsified droplets is studied by researchers domestically and abroad. By review, the progress of high-voltage pulse electric field demulsification technology can get a better understanding, which has an effect of throwing a sprat to catch a whale on promoting the industrial application.
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17
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Vivacqua V, Mhatre S, Ghadiri M, Abdullah A, Hassanpour A, Al-Marri M, Azzopardi B, Hewakandamby B, Kermani B. Electrocoalescence of water drop trains in oil under constant and pulsatile electric fields. Chem Eng Res Des 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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The influence and optimisation of electrical parameters for enhanced coalescence under pulsed DC electric field in a cylindrical electrostatic coalescer. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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20
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Peng Y, Liu T, Gong H, Wang J, Zhang X. Effect of pulsed electric field with variable frequency on coalescence of drops in oil. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01357g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulsed electric field with variable frequency has a better effect on drops coalescence in emulsion oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Peng
- School of Mechanical and Electronical Engineering
- Lanzhou University of Technology
- Lanzhou 730050
- China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Mechanical and Electronical Engineering
- Lanzhou University of Technology
- Lanzhou 730050
- China
| | - Haifeng Gong
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Chongqing University of Technology
- Chongqing 400054
- China
- Engineering Research Centre for Waster Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment
| | - Jingshu Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Chongqing University of Technology
- Chongqing 400054
- China
| | - Xianming Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre for Waster Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment
- Chongqing 400067
- China
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21
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22
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Li Z, Shen Y. Simulation of Droplet Behavior in Water-in-Oil Emulsion Subjected to an Electric Field. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2014.882782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Zhang
- a College of Electromechanical Engineering, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao , P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- a College of Electromechanical Engineering, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao , P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- a College of Electromechanical Engineering, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao , P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- a College of Electromechanical Engineering, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao , P. R. China
| | - Yang Shen
- a College of Electromechanical Engineering, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao , P. R. China
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Shen Y, Ji R, Cai B. Investigation of the charging characteristics of micrometer sized droplets based on parallel plate capacitor model. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:1676-1682. [PMID: 23297795 DOI: 10.1021/la3046737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The charging characteristics of micrometer sized aqueous droplets have attracted more and more attentions due to the development of the microfluidics technology since the electrophoretic motion of a charged droplet can be used as the droplet actuation method. This work proposed a novel method of investigating the charging characteristics of micrometer sized aqueous droplets based on parallel plate capacitor model. With this method, the effects of the electric field strength, electrolyte concentration, and ion species on the charging characteristics of the aqueous droplets was investigated. Experimental results showed that the charging characteristics of micrometer sized droplets can be investigated by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Zhang
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, People's Republic of China
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24
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Ahn MM, Im DJ, Kang IS. Geometric characterization of optimal electrode designs for improved droplet charging and actuation. Analyst 2013; 138:7362-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01623d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Ji R, Cai B, Wang F, Liu R. Discussion of the Drop Rest Phenomenon at Millimeter Scale and Coalescence of Droplets at Micrometer Scale. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2011.645704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Ji R, Cai B, Li H, Wang F. Dehydration Efficiency of Water-In-Model Oil Emulsions in High Frequency Pulsed DC Electrical Field: Effect of Physical and Chemical Properties of the Emulsions. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2011.625227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Ji R, Wang F, Cai B, Li H. Application of variable frequency technique on electrical dehydration of water-in-oil emulsion. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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