1
|
Bai Y, Jing Z, Ma R, Wan X, Liu J, Huang W. A critical review of enzymes immobilized on chitosan composites: characterization and applications. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:1539-1567. [PMID: 37540309 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes with industrial significance are typically used in biological processes. However, instability, high sensitivity, and impractical recovery are the major drawbacks of enzymes in practical applications. In recent years, the immobilization technology has attracted wide attention to overcoming these restrictions and improving the efficiency of enzyme applications. Chitosan (CS) is a unique functional substance with biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and antibacterial properties. Chitosan composites are anticipated to be widely used in the near future for a variety of purposes, including as supports for enzyme immobilization, because of their advantages. Therefor this review explores the effects of the chitosan's structure, molecular weight, degree of deacetylation on the enzyme immobilized, effect of key factors, and the enzymes immobilized on chitosan based composites for numerous applications, including the fields of biosensor, biomedical science, food industry, environmental protection, and industrial production. Moreover, this study carefully investigates the advantages and disadvantages of using these composites as well as their potential in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Bai
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zongxian Jing
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ma
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwen Wan
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiting Huang
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ding R, Chen Y, Li X, Rui Z, Hua K, Wu Y, Duan X, Wang X, Li J, Liu J. Atomically Dispersed, Low-Coordinate Co-N Sites on Carbon Nanotubes as Inexpensive and Efficient Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105335. [PMID: 34841663 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen produced using renewable electricity is considered the key to achieving a low-carbon energy economy. However, the large-scale application of electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen evolution currently requires expensive platinum-based catalysts. Therefore, it is important to develop efficient and stable catalysts based on the rich reserves of transition metals as alternatives. In this study, the authors prepare a carbon-nanotube material enriched with atomically dispersed CoN sites having uniquely low coordination numbers via the simple mixing, pyrolysis, and leaching of inexpensive precursors. These atomically dispersed low-coordinate CoN sites provide an overpotential of only 82 mV at 10 mA cm-2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under challenging acidic conditions and show excellent durability in accelerated stability tests. Theoretical simulations also confirm that these unique, low-coordinate CoN2 sites have lower energy barriers in catalyzing the HER than Fe/NiN2 sites and commonly reported CoN3 /N4 sites. Therefore, the method provides a new concept for the design of single-atom catalytic sites with low coordination numbers. It also serves to reduce the cost of hydrogen production in the future owing to the high catalytic activity, low cost, and scalable production process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ding
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoke Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyan Rui
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Kang Hua
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yongkang Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Duan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xuebin Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
- Institute of Energy Power Innovation, North China Electric Power University, 2 Beinong Road, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu Z. An Overview of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene for Biosensing Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2017; 9:25. [PMID: 30393720 PMCID: PMC6199032 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-017-0128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
With the development of carbon nanomaterials in recent years, there has been an explosion of interests in using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene for developing new biosensors. It is believed that employing CNTs and graphene as sensor components can make sensors more reliable, accurate, and fast due to their remarkable properties. Depending on the types of target molecular, different strategies can be applied to design sensor device. This review article summarized the important progress in developing CNT- and graphene-based electrochemical biosensors, field-effect transistor biosensors, and optical biosensors. Although CNTs and graphene have led to some groundbreaking discoveries, challenges are still remained and the state-of-the-art sensors are far from a practical application. As a conclusion, future effort has to be made through an interdisciplinary platform, including materials science, biology, and electric engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zanzan Zhu
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang D, Ouyang X, Li L, Dai B, Zhang Y. Real-time amperometric monitoring of cellular hydrogen peroxide based on electrodeposited reduced graphene oxide incorporating adsorption of electroactive methylene blue hybrid composites. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
9
|
Xiong W, Liu M, Gan L, Lv Y, Xu Z, Hao Z, Chen L. Preparation of nitrogen-doped macro-/mesoporous carbon foams as electrode material for supercapacitors. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|