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Zanotti G, Palmeri F, Raglione V. Phthalocyanines Synthesis: A State-of-The-Art Review of Sustainable Approaches Through Green Chemistry Metrics. Chemistry 2024:e202400908. [PMID: 38837556 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Driven by escalating environmental concerns, synthetic chemistry faces an urgent need for a green revolution. Green chemistry, with its focus on low environmental impacting chemicals and minimized waste production, emerges as a powerful tool in addressing this challenge. Metrics such as the E-factor guide the design of environmentally friendly strategies for chemical processes by quantifying the waste generated in obtaining target products, thus enabling interventions to minimize it. Phthalocyanines (Pcs), versatile molecules with exceptional physical and chemical properties, hold immense potential for technological applications. This review aims to bridge the gap between green chemistry and phthalocyanine synthesis by collecting the main examples of environmentally sustainable syntheses documented in the literature. The calculation of the E-factor of a selection of them provides insights on how crucial it is to evaluate a synthetic process in its entirety. This approach allows for a better evaluation of the actual sustainability of the phthalocyanine synthetic process and indicates possible strategies to improve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Zanotti
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo, 00015, Italy
| | - Federica Palmeri
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo, 00015, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Venanzio Raglione
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo, 00015, Italy
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A pH-response multifunctional nanoplatform based on NaGdF4:Yb,Er,Fe@Ce6@mSiO2-DOX for synergistic photodynamic/chemotherapy of cancer cells. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Yılmaz Y. Preparation of a Phthalocyanine – Nanometal‐Coated Silica Microparticle Conjugate as Heterogeneous Photocatalyst and Investigation of Its Photocatalytic Activity. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Yılmaz
- Department of Chemistry NT Vocational School Gaziantep University 27310 Gaziantep Turkey
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Improving Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber via Enhancing Interfacial Interaction Between Rubber and Graphene Oxide/Carbon Nanotubes Hybrid. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-019-7148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ribeiro VGP, Mota JPF, Júnior AEC, Lima NMA, Fechine PBA, Denardin JC, Carbone L, Bloise E, Mele G, Mazzetto SE. Nanomaterials Based on Fe 3O 4 and Phthalocyanines Derived from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183284. [PMID: 31505873 PMCID: PMC6767058 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we report the synthesis of new hybrid nanomaterials in the core/shell/shell morphology, consisting of a magnetite core (Fe3O4) and two consecutive layers of oleic acid (OA) and phthalocyanine molecules, the latter derived from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). The synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticle was performed via co-precipitation procedure, followed by the nanoparticle coating with OA by hydrothermal method. The phthalocyanines anchorage on the Fe3O4/OA core/shell nanomaterial was performed by facile and effective sonication method. The as obtained Fe3O4/OA/phthalocyanine hybrids were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis and magnetic measurements. TEM showed round-shaped nanomaterials with sizes in the range of 12–15 nm. Nanomaterials presented saturation magnetization (Ms) in the 1–16 emu/g and superparamagnetic behavior. Furthermore, it was observed that the thermal stability of the samples was directly affected by the insertion of different transition metals in the ring cavity of the phthalocyanine molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane G P Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Products and Process Technology (LPT), Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Campus do Pici, Fortaleza-CE 60440-900, Brazil.
| | - João P F Mota
- Laboratory of Products and Process Technology (LPT), Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Campus do Pici, Fortaleza-CE 60440-900, Brazil.
| | - Antônio E Costa Júnior
- Laboratory of Products and Process Technology (LPT), Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Campus do Pici, Fortaleza-CE 60440-900, Brazil.
| | - Nayane M A Lima
- Laboratory of Products and Process Technology (LPT), Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Campus do Pici, Fortaleza-CE 60440-900, Brazil.
| | - Pierre B A Fechine
- Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat)-Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical-Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará-UFC, Campus do Pici, CP 12100, Fortaleza CEP 60451-970, CE, Brazil.
| | - Juliano C Denardin
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Santiago de Chile and CEDENNA, USACH, Av. Ecuador, Santiago 3493, Chile.
| | - Luigi Carbone
- CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Ermelinda Bloise
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Mele
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Selma E Mazzetto
- Laboratory of Products and Process Technology (LPT), Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Campus do Pici, Fortaleza-CE 60440-900, Brazil.
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Carvalho JA, Abreu AS, Ferreira VTP, Gonçalves EP, Tedesco AC, Pinto JG, Ferreira-Strixino J, Beltrame Junior M, Simioni AR. Preparation of gelatin nanoparticles by two step desolvation method for application in photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2018; 29:1287-1301. [PMID: 29561222 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2018.1456027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Gelatin nanoparticles have recently been receiving considerable attention because they offer a good option as release systems due to their low cost, biocompatibility, biodegradability and its application in several types of formulations. This study aim was to evaluate the potential application of gelatin nanoparticles entrapping a photosensitizer in Photodynamic Therapy. Gelatin nanoparticles were studied by steady-state techniques and the biological activity evaluated by in vitro MTT assay. The particles were spherical in shape exhibiting a 273 nm diameter with a low tendency to aggregate. The loading efficiency was 76%. Photosensitizer photophysical properties were shown to be preserved after GN encapsulation. The cells viability obtaining 85% cells death compared with control. The results demonstrate that gelatin nanoparticles can be successfully applied for photosensitizers encapsulation or other active drugs and be used as an optimal medium for a variety of bioactive materials, which can also be encapsulated by the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janicy Arantes Carvalho
- a Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Alexandro Silva Abreu
- a Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | | | - Erika Peterson Gonçalves
- a Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- c Chemistry Department, Photobiology and Photomedicine Group , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Juliana Guerra Pinto
- d Photodynamic Therapy Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
- d Photodynamic Therapy Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Milton Beltrame Junior
- a Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Andreza Ribeiro Simioni
- a Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University , São José dos Campos , Brazil
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Huang Z, Huang L, Huang Y, He Y, Sun X, Fu X, Xu X, Wei G, Chen D, Zhao C. Phthalocyanine-based coordination polymer nanoparticles for enhanced photodynamic therapy. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:15883-15894. [PMID: 28994841 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05402e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer, zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) as a photosensitizer possesses superior photosensitive properties. However, the therapeutic effect of ZnPc in PDT is limited due to its aggregation, low solubility and poor selectivity. In this study, charge-reversal phthalocyanine-based coordination polymer nanoparticles (PCPN) are developed for improving the curative effect of ZnPc. Tetra(4-carboxyphenoxy)-phthalocyaninatozinc(ii) (TPZnPc) is coordinated with the zinc ion to form the core of PCPN, which is coated with a lipid bilayer by self-assembly (PCPNs@Lip). TPZnPc molecules in the core of PCPN are in the monomeric state and can generate cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1O2) efficiently, which solves the solubility and aggregation problems of ZnPc. Meanwhile, 1,2-dicarboxylic-cyclohexane anhydride modified lysyl-cholesterol (DLC) is functionalized on the surface of PCPN (PCPNs@Lip/DLC), endowing PCPN with a charge-reversal ability which could be triggered by a mildly acidic tumor microenvironment. PCPNs@Lip/DLC is proved to enhance tumor cellular uptake and generate more intracellular 1O2 after irradiation. As confirmed by in vitro and in vivo studies, PCPNs@Lip/DLC remarkably increases the PDT effect. All these results demonstrate that PCPNs@Lip/DLC is a promising nanoplatform for the application of ZnPc in effective PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Dai J, Wang M, Liu H. Highly selective enrichment of phosphopeptides using Zr4+-immobilized Titania nanoparticles. Talanta 2017; 164:222-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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